In human anatomy, the carotid artery refers to a number of major arteries in the head and neck. Carotid artery can mean: Common carotid artery External carotid artery Internal carotid artery There are two carotid arteries, one on the left and one on the right. From their origins and for about half their length, the carotid arteries are known as common carotid arteries. The left carotid arises from the arch of the aorta, while the right carotid arises as one of the branc ...

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Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels, measuring 5-10 μm. They connect arteries and veins, and most closely interact with tissues. Capillaries have walls composed of a single layer of cells, the endothelium. This layer is so thin that molecules such as oxygen, water and lipids can pass through them by diffusion and enter the tissues. Waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea can diffuse back into the blood to be carried away for removal from the body. Capillary permeability can be increased by the release of cer ...

Including:

• Capillary - Types
• Capillary - Details

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein, an acute phase protein produced by the liver. It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins. C-reactive protein - History and nomenclature. CRP was originally discovered by Tillett and Francis in 1930 as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the C polysaccharide of pneumococcus. acute phase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, immunology C-reactive prot ...

Including:

• C-reactive protein - History and nomenclature
• C-reactive protein - Genetics
• C-reactive protein - Function
• C-reactive protein - Diagnostic use
• C-reactive protein - Role in cardiovascular disease
• C-reactive protein - Role in colon cancer

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The brachial artery is the major blood vessel of the upper arm. It is a continuation of the axillary artery and it originates from the lower margin of teres major muscle and continues down the arm, until it reaches the cubital fossa at the elbow. It then ends by dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries which run down the forearm. The brachial artery has smaller branches along it. These supply the muscles of the upper arm, suc ...

Including:

• Brachial artery - Branches
• Brachial artery - External link

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The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. The most important types, arteries and veins, are so termed because they carry blood away from or towards the heart, respectively. Blood vessel - Types. Blood vessels exist in varying calibers: Arteries Aorta (the largest artery, carries blood out of the heart) Branches of the aorta, such as the carotid artery, the subclavian artery, the celiac trunk, the mesenteric arteri ...

Including:

• Blood vessel - Types
• Blood vessel - Anatomy
• Blood vessel - Physiology
• Blood vessel - Role in disease

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The diagnostic tests in cardiology are methods of identifying heart conditions associated with healthy vs. unhealthy, pathologic, heart function. Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Bedside. Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - History. Obtaining a medical history is always the first "test", part of understanding the likelihood of significant disease, as detectable within the current limitations of clinical medicine. Yet heart problems often produce no symptoms ...

Including:

• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Bedside
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - History
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Auscultation
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Laboratory
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Blood tests
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Electrophysiology
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Electrocardiogram
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Holter monitor
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Event monitor
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Cardiac stress testing
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Medical imaging
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Coronary catheterization
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Echocardiogram
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Intravascular ultrasound
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Positron emission tomography
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Computed axial tomography
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Magnetic resonance imaging
• Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures - Related topics

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In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood. It arises from the confluence of the two vertebral arteries at the level of the medulla oblongata. It ascends in the central gutter (sulcus basilaris) inferior to the pons and divides into the two posterior cerebral arteries. From the basilar artery arise branches for the supply of the cerebellum (largely via the anterior inferior cerebellar artery), as ...

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Bronchial Artery The bronchial arteries supply nutrients and oxygen to the root of the lungs, the supporting tissues of the lungs, and the visceral pleura of the lungs. The right and left bronchial arteries supply the right and left lungs respectively. It is a common mistake to believe that the lungs take their only blood supply from the right side of the heart, which is the side of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated. The bronchial arteries instead take their blood supply from the left side of the heart, w ...

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Cauterization is the burning of the body to remove or close a part of it. It is sometimes done for medical reasons, as to treat some kind of wound in an area, for instance, or sometimes performed as a recreational body modification. The main form of cauterization is electrocautery. Accidental burns can be considered cauterization as well. Cauterization was used to stop heavy bleeding, especially during amputations. Special medical instruments called cauters were used to cauterize arteries. Ambroise Paré introduced the technique o ...

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A cerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic stroke is a form of stroke that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures or bleeds. Hemorrhagic strokes are deadlier than their more common counterpart, ischemic strokes. Like ischemic strokes, hemorrhagic strokes interrupt the brain's blood supply, but in addition, blood irritates brain tissue, disrupting the delicate chemical balance, and, if the bleeding continues, the increased intracranial pressure can crush brain t ...

Including:

• Cerebral hemorrhage - Intracerebral hemorrhage
• Cerebral hemorrhage - Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Cerebral hemorrhage - Symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage
• Cerebral hemorrhage - Pathophysiology
• Cerebral hemorrhage - Treatment
• Cerebral hemorrhage - Risk factors
• Cerebral hemorrhage - Epidemiology

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Sir William Osler (July 12, 1849 – December 29, 1919) was a Canadian physician. He has been called one of the greatest icons of modern medicine, the Father of Modern Medicine, which is what he himself considered Avicenna to be. William Osler - Biography. He was born in Bond Head, Canada West (now Ontario), raised largely in Dundas, Ontario and studied and taught at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, where he obtained his medical degree in 1872. It is here that he created the first formalized journal c ...

Including:

• William Osler - Biography
• William Osler - Eponyms

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An atheroma (plural: atheromata) is an abnormal fatty deposit which develops within the walls of arteries over time. Veins do not develop atheromata, unless surgically moved to function as an artery, as in bypass surgery. In the context of heart or artery matters, atheroma is commonly referred to as "plaque." Collectively, the process of atheroma development within an individual is called atherogenesis and the overall result of the disease process is termed atherosclerosis. Atheroma - Stages. ...

Including:

• Atheroma - Stages
• Atheroma - Difficulty of Tracking Researching and Better Understanding Atheroma
• Atheroma - Evolving Concepts and Understanding
• Atheroma - Actual Artery/Atheroma Behavior:
• Atheroma - 1. External Artery Enlargement; Eventual Possible Stenosis and/or Closure
• Atheroma - 2. External Artery Enlargement and Lumen Enlargement
• Atheroma - Evolution of Strategies and Changing Focus
• Atheroma - Related topics

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Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart and/or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually used to refer to those related to atherosclerosis (arterial disease). These conditions have similar causes, mechanisms, and treatments. Over 50 million Americans have cardiovascular problems, and most other Western countries face high and increasing rates of cardiovascular disease. It is the number 1 cause o ...

Including:

• Cardiovascular disease - Forms
• Cardiovascular disease - Risk factors
• Cardiovascular disease - Prevention
• Cardiovascular disease - Treatment
• Cardiovascular disease - Research
• Cardiovascular disease - Reference

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Alpha blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents) constitute a variety of drugs which block alpha-adrenergic receptors in arteries and smooth muscles. These drugs may be used to treat symptoms of noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome, a type of prostatitis. As a side effect they may reduce blood pressure and result in lightheadedness. Alpha blockers include doxazosin, prazosin and terazosin. ...

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Chelation therapy is a process involving the use of chelating agents such as EDTA to remove heavy metals from the body. It has uses in both conventional and alternative medicine. Chelation therapy - Discovery in medicine. Chelating agents were introduced into medicine as a result of the use of poison gas in World War I. The first widely used chelating agent was called British Anti-Lewisite, or BAL, a name given to dimercaprol. It is an organic compound related to the mercaptans, which are a class of sulfur- ...

Including:

• Chelation therapy - Discovery in medicine
• Chelation therapy - Uses in conventional medicine
• Chelation therapy - Uses in alternative medicine
• Chelation therapy - Calcium chelation therapy

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Cholesterol is a steroid, a lipid, and an alcohol, found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. Most cholesterol is not dietary in origin, it is synthesized internally. Cholesterol is present in higher concentrations in tissues which either produce more or have more densely-packed membranes, for example, the liver, spinal cord, brain and atheroma. Cholesterol plays a central role in many biochemical processes, but is best known for the association of cardiovascular disease with v ...

Including:

• Cholesterol - History of the name
• Cholesterol - Physiology
• Cholesterol - Synthesis and intake
• Cholesterol - Properties
• Cholesterol - Regulation
• Cholesterol - Function
• Cholesterol - Excretion
• Cholesterol - Role in atheromatous disease
• Cholesterol - Cholesteric liquid crystals
• Cholesterol - Sources

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The elbow-joint (Articulatio Cubiti) [Figs. 1,2] is a ginglymus or hinge-joint. The trochlea of the humerus is received into the semilunar notch of the ulna, and the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the fovea on the head of the radius. The articular surfaces are connected together by a capsule, which is thickened medially and laterally, and, to a less extent, in front and behind. These thickened portions are usually described as distinct ligaments. Elbow-joint - Ligaments. Elb ...

Including:

• Elbow-joint - Ligaments
• Elbow-joint - The anterior ligament
• Elbow-joint - The posterior ligament
• Elbow-joint - The ulnar collateral ligament
• Elbow-joint - The radial collateral ligament
• Elbow-joint - Synovial membrane
• Elbow-joint - Movements

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Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. Unless indicated otherwise, blood pressure is understood to mean arterial blood pressure, i.e., the pressure in the large arteries, such as the brachial artery (in the arm). The pressure of the blood in other vessels is lower than the arterial pressure. The peak pressure in the arteries during the cardiac cycle is the systolic pressure, and the lowest pressure (at the resting phase of the cardiac cycle) is the diastolic pressure ...

Including:

• Blood pressure - Measurement
• Blood pressure - Physiology
• Blood pressure - Pathophysiology
• Blood pressure - Effects of high blood pressure
• Blood pressure - Effects of low blood pressure
• Blood pressure - Factors influencing blood pressure
• Blood pressure - Other causes of low blood pressure
• Blood pressure - Venous pressure
• Blood pressure - Related topics

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Blood is a circulating tissue composed of fluid plasma and cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). Medical terms related to blood often begin in hemo- or hemato- (BE: haemo- and haemato-) from the Greek word "haima" for "blood". The main function of blood is to supply nutrients (oxygen, glucose) and constitutional elements to tissues and to remove waste products (such as carbon dioxide and lactic acid). Blood also enables cells (leukocytes, abnormal tumor cells) and different su ...

Including:

• Blood - Anatomy of blood
• Blood - Physiology of blood
• Blood - Production and degradation
• Blood - Transport of oxygen
• Blood - Transport of carbon dioxide
• Blood - Transport of hydrogen ions
• Blood - Color
• Blood - Health and disease
• Blood - Ancient medicine
• Blood - Diagnosis
• Blood - Pathology
• Blood - Treatment
• Blood - Mythology and religion
• Blood - Indo-European paganism
• Blood - Judaism
• Blood - Christianity
• Blood - Jehovah's Witnesses
• Blood - Vampire legends
• Blood - Chinese and Japanese culture

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Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique in which an X-ray picture is taken to visualize the inner opening of blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. Its name comes from the Greek words angeion, "vessel", and graphien, "to write or record". The X-ray film or image of the blood vessels is called an angiograph, or more commonly, an angiogram. The Portuguese physician and neurologist Egas Moniz, Nobel Prize winner in 1949, developed in 1927 th ...

Including:

• Angiogram - Types of angiographs

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