This article is on Aristotelian and Neo-Aristotelian definitions of God. In his book on first philosophy, which most now call the Metaphysics, Aristotle discussed the meaning of "being as being". Some see contradictions in this book, and conclude that it puts together many different works that Aristotle wrote at different times. Others find a coherent argument in the book. According to the latter reading, Aristotle concluded that "being" primarily refers to the Unmoved Movers, and assigned one of these to each movement in the h ...

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Aristotle, more than Socrates or Plato, defends the existing mores of his time. Although he argues for many values which many of today's philosophers agree with, the things he values include slavery, sexism and rule by a small leisure class, all of which seem unethical according to today's standards. In fact, all of Aristotle's ethical teachings upheld contemporary society and values. This in itself has been criticised because it offers no reasons for rebellion or adherence to society's values. Bertrand Russell even said that ...

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Aristotelian ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Three Ethical Treatises, Aristotelian ethics - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Influences of earlier Greek ethical systems, Aristotelian ethics - Influence on later thinkers, Aristotelian ethics - Criticisms

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Aristotle believed that ethical knowledge is not certain knowledge (like metaphysics and epistemology) but is general knowledge. Also, as it is not a theoretical discipline, he thought a person had to study in order to become "good." Thus, if a person was to become virtuous, they could not simply study what virtue is, they had to actually do virtuous activity. We are not studying in order to know what virtue is, but to become good, for otherwise there would be no profit in it. (NE 2.2) Including:

Aristotelian ethics - Three Ethical Treatises
Aristotelian ethics - Nicomachean ethics
Aristotelian ethics - Influences of earlier Greek ethical systems Aristotelian ethics - Influence on later thinkers Aristotelian ethics - Criticisms

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According to many religions, a miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning 'something wonderful', is a striking interposition of divine intervention by God in the universe by which the operations of the ordinary course of Nature are overruled, suspended, or modified. People in different faiths have substantially different definitions of the word miracle. Even within a specific religion there is often more than one usage of the term. Sometimes the term miracle may refer to the action of a supernatural being that is not a god. Then the term divine intervention refers spec ...

Including:

Miracle - Miracles as supernatural acts Miracle - Aristotelian and Neo-Aristotelian views of miracles Miracle - Non-literal reinterpretations of miracles Miracle - Transcendent and nontranscendent miracles Miracle - Miracles as a product of creative art and social acceptance Miracle - Miracles as commonplace events Miracle - Miracles as viewed by different religions
Miracle - Miracles as described by the Bible Miracle - Christian views of miracles Miracle - Catholic views of miracles Miracle - Islamic view of miracles Miracle - Hindu views of miracles Miracle - Jewish views of miracles
Miracle - Contemporary miracles Miracle - Notes and References

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Revelation refers to an uncovering or disclosure via communication from the divine something that has been previously wholly or partially hidden or unknown. In monotheistic religions, revelation is the process, or act of making divine truth known. Revelation can be that which God makes known about himself, his will, and/or something else to mankind using any number of various methods and means. The recipient of revelation is commonly referred to a ...

Including:

Revelation - Visitations Revelation - Verbal Revelation - Aristotelian rationalism Revelation - Non-Verbal propositional Revelation - Through historical development of faith Revelation - Latter Day Saint concept of Revelation Revelation - Existentialism

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A fallacy is either an invalid argument or a specific error in some part of the argument which renders it invalid. In logic, fallacies of the latter sort are either formal or informal; because the validity of a deductive arguments depends on its form, a formal fallacy, or logical fallacy, is a deductive argument which has an invalid form, whereas an informal fallacy is any other invalid mode of reasoning ...

Including:

Fallacy - Aristotelian fallacies
Fallacy - Material fallacies Fallacy - Verbal fallacies Fallacy - Logical fallacies
Fallacy - Other systems of classification Fallacy - Fallacies in the media and politics Fallacy - General list of fallacies Fallacy - General examples
Fallacy - Example 1: Material Fallacy Fallacy - Example 2: Verbal Fallacy Fallacy - Example 3: Verbal Fallacy Fallacy - Example 4: Logical Fallacy

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God is the term used to denote the Supreme Being ascribed by many religions to be the creator, ruler and/or the sum total of, existence. Conceptions of God vary widely, despite the common use of the same term for them all. God - Definition. God - Concept of God. In many Western religions, God is usually said to have a specific and clearly defined relationship to, and interest in, the happenings of this world and the lives of those in it. Metaphors for God's relationship t ...

Including:

God - Definition
God - Concept of God God - Attributes of God
God - Etymology
God - Capitalization
God - Names of God God - History of monotheism God - Theology God - Conceptions of God
God - Abrahamic conceptions God - Conceptions of God in Hinduism God - Christian Monism God - The Ultimate God - Aristotelian definition of God God - Modern views
God - Notes and references God - Popular Culture

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Jewish philosophy is not a universally agreed-upon term, but it does exist as a field of scholarship. It is therefore a subject that requires careful analysis, definition, clarification and explanation. Some may claim that it is an attempt to fuse the fields of secular (even atheistic) philosophy with the religious teachings of Judaism (an Abrahamic religion). Others may claim that it is a relatively latter-day form of rationalization for Judaism itself. It should be noted that the primary source documents for Judaism, such as the Tor ...

Including:

Jewish philosophy - Approaches Jewish philosophy - Early Jewish philosophy Jewish philosophy - Philo of Alexandria Jewish philosophy - Avicebron Solomon ibn Gabirol Jewish philosophy - Jewish Mysticism Kabbalah Jewish philosophy - Saadia Gaon Jewish philosophy - Karaite philosophy Jewish philosophy - Bahya ibn Paquda's Duties of the Heart Jewish philosophy - Yehuda Halevi and the Kuzari Jewish philosophy - The rise of Aristotelian thought Jewish philosophy - Maimonides Jewish philosophy - Position in the history of thought Jewish philosophy - Renaissance philosophers Jewish philosophy - Post-Enlightenment Jewish philosophers Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophy
Jewish philosophy - Holocaust theology
Jewish philosophy - Modern Jewish philosophers
Jewish philosophy - Orthodox Judaism philosophers Jewish philosophy - Conservative Judaism philosophers Jewish philosophy - Reform Judaism philosophers Jewish philosophy - Reconstructionist Judaism philosophers Jewish philosophy - Others Jewish philosophy - Philosophers informed by their Jewish background

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Aristotle (Greek: Αριστοτέλης Aristotelēs 384 BC – March 7, 322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote many books about physics, poetry, zoology, logic, rhetoric, government, and biology. Aristotle, along with Plato and Socrates, is generally considered one of the most influential ancient Greek philosophers in Western thought. They transformed Presocratic Greek philosophy into the foundations of Western philosophy as we know it. The writings of Plato an ...

Including:

Aristotle - Biography
Aristotle - Early life and studies at the Academy Aristotle - Aristotle as philosopher and tutor Aristotle - Founder and master of the Lyceum
Aristotle - Methodology Aristotle - Aristotle's epistemology
Aristotle - Logic Aristotle - Science
Aristotle - Aristotle's metaphysics
Aristotle - Aristotle's four causes Aristotle - The difference between natural objects and artifacts Aristotle - Modes of causation Aristotle - Chance Aristotle - The Five Elements
Aristotle - Aristotle's ethics
Aristotle - Nicomachean ethics
Aristotle - Aristotle's critics Aristotle - Aristotle's mistake Aristotle - Bibliography
Aristotle - Major works Aristotle - Specific editions
Aristotle - Named after Aristotle

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In metaphysics (in particular, ontology), the different kinds or ways of being are called categories of being or simply categories. According to the Aristotelian tradition, a being is anything that can be said to be in the various senses of this word. Hence, to investigate the categories of being is to determine the most fundamental senses in which things can be said to be. A category, more precisely, is any of the broadest classes of things - 'thing' here meaning anything whatever that ca ...

Including:

Category of being - Aristotle's Categories Category of being - Categories of being
Category of being - Physical objects Category of being - Minds Category of being - Classes Category of being - Properties Category of being - Relations

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Three treatises of Aristotle's ethics survive today: Nicomachean Ethics, the most popular Eudemian Ethics Magna Moralia Each is believed to be a collection of Aristotle's lecture notes (although authorship of the Magna Moralia is disputed), possibly containing several different lecture courses, which can be sparse and difficult to read. The scholarly consensus is that Eudemian Ethics represents Aristotle's early ethical theory, and the Nicomachean Ethics appears to buil ...

See also:

Aristotelian ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Three Ethical Treatises, Aristotelian ethics - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Influences of earlier Greek ethical systems, Aristotelian ethics - Influence on later thinkers, Aristotelian ethics - Criticisms

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Bernardino Telesio (1509 - 1588) was an Italian philosopher and natural scientist. Telesio was born of noble parentage at Cosenza, a town in Calabria, a region of Southern Italy. He was educated at Milan by his uncle, Antonio, himself a scholar and a poet of eminence, and afterwards at Rome and Padua. His studies included all the wide range of subjects, classics, science and philosophy, which constituted the curriculum of the Renaissance savants. Thus equipped, he began his attack upon the medieval Aristotelianism which then fl ...

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The Organon is the name given by Aristotle's followers, the Peripatetics, for the standard collection of six of his works on logic. The system of logic described in two of these works, namely On Interpretation and the Prior Analytics, often called Aristotelian logic, is discussed in the article on term logic. Organon - Constitution of the texts. The order of the works is not chronological (which is now hard to determine), but was deliberately chosen by the Peripatetics to constitute a well-structured ...

Including:

Organon - Constitution of the texts
Organon - Categories Organon - On Interpretation Organon - Prior Analytics Organon - Posterior Analytics Organon - Topics Organon - On Sophistical Refutations
Organon - The influence of the Organon Organon - Notes

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The Constitution of the Athenians or of Athens (or "Athenaion Politeia", or "The Athenians") is the name of either of two texts from Classical antiquity, one probably by Aristotle, the other attributed to Xenophon, but not by him. Constitution of the Athenians - Aristotle. The Aristotelian text is unique, because it is not a part of the Corpus Aristotelicum. It was lost until it was discovered in Egypt in 1890 by an American missionary. The British Museum acquired it later that year. Its authorship i ...

Including:

Constitution of the Athenians - Aristotle Constitution of the Athenians - Xenophon
Constitution of the Athenians - Dating and Authenticity.

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Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (787 - 886), known as Albumasar, was a Persian astronomer and mathematician from Balkh, in today's Afghanistan. Many of his works were translated into Latin and were well known in Europe where he was called Albumasar. Richard Lemay has argued that the writings of Albumasar, were very likely the single most important original source of Aristotle's theories of nature for European scholars, starting a little before the middle of the 12th century. (see Richard Lemay, Abu Ma'shar and Latin Aristotelianism in the Twelfth Century, The ...

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Aristotle was taught in Athens until 529 AD when the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I closed down non-Christian schools of philosophy. Aristotle's teachings spread through the Mediterranean and the Middle East, where early Islam (unlike contemporary Christianity) supported rational philosophical descriptions of the natural world. Avicenna and Averroes were Islamic philosophers who commented on Aristotle as well as writing their own philosophy in Arabic. In the twelfth century, Latin translations of Aristotle's works were found, enabling ...

See also:

Aristotelian ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Three Ethical Treatises, Aristotelian ethics - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Influences of earlier Greek ethical systems, Aristotelian ethics - Influence on later thinkers, Aristotelian ethics - Criticisms

Read more here: » Aristotelian ethics: Encyclopedia II - Aristotelian ethics - Influence on later thinkers

Aristotle's ethics builds upon earlier Greek ethics, particularly that of Aristotle's teacher Plato and his teacher, Socrates. One important distinction is that Socrates didn't leave any written work, Plato left works aimed more toward popular consumption, and Aristotle left more scholarly works. More frequently than Plato, Aristotle notes exceptions to his general rules and the lack of precision in his ethics. ...

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Aristotelian ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Three Ethical Treatises, Aristotelian ethics - Nicomachean ethics, Aristotelian ethics - Influences of earlier Greek ethical systems, Aristotelian ethics - Influence on later thinkers, Aristotelian ethics - Criticisms

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The concept of non-Aristotelian logic was used by A. E. van Vogt as the central theme in his The World of Null-A novels, based on his interest in Alfred Korzybski's General Semantics, stories tinged by van Vogt's reflections upon revelations that came to light of police state conditions enforced by totalitarian regimes after World War II. Van Vogt's portrayals of General Semantics in sci-fi stories (wherein heroic characters struggled against incrementally stemwinding tactics used by minions of authoritarian entities), was some ...

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Non-Aristotelian logic, Non-Aristotelian logic - Use in science fiction, Non-Aristotelian logic - Some developers of non-Aristotelian logics

Read more here: » Non-Aristotelian logic: Encyclopedia II - Non-Aristotelian logic - Use in science fiction

The neo-Aristotelian philosophers of the medieval era held that revelation was the discovery of absolute truths about God, man, and man's place in God's universe, as discovered through logical philosophical inquiry. A prophet's connection to God was held to be the only way that a person could reach such a state of pure reason. A subset of this category is natural revelation. Some believe that God reveals himself through His Creation, and that at least some truths about Him can be learned by studying Nature, physics, cosmology, etc. This view is evidenced by Biblical verses such as ...

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Revelation, Revelation - Visitations, Revelation - Verbal, Revelation - Aristotelian rationalism, Revelation - Non-Verbal propositional, Revelation - Through historical development of faith, Revelation - Latter Day Saint concept of Revelation, Revelation - Existentialism

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