Argentine peso

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Argentine peso was one of the most traded currencies in the world. However, throughout the century, the economy collapsed several times, and the country experienced periods of inflation and hyperinflation that led to changes in the system. Argentine peso - Peso 1854-1881. Until 1881, there was no national currency in Argentina. However, in 1854, the Argentine Confederation issued 1, 2 and 4 centavos coins, with 100 centavos = 1 peso = 8 reales. Argentine pes ...

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Argentine peso, Argentine peso - History, Argentine peso - Peso 1854-1881, Argentine peso - Peso Moneda Nacional 1881-1970, Argentine peso - Peso Ley 1970-1983, Argentine peso - Peso Argentino 1983-1985, Argentine peso - Austral 1985-1991, Argentine peso - Peso Convertible 1991-, Argentine peso - Circulating Currency, Argentine peso - Coins, Argentine peso - Banknotes, Argentine peso - Current ARS exchange rates

Read more here: » Argentine peso: Encyclopedia II - Argentine peso - History

In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1 / 100th of the basic unit of value. It also refers to the coin which is worth one cent. In the United States and Canada, the 1¢ coin is generally known by the nickname penny, alluding to the British coin and unit of that name. Etymologically, the word cent derives from the Latin word centum which means hundred. Mints all over the world usually create coins with values ranging from 1 / 100th to < ...

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Exchange Rates Currency band Exchange rate Exchange rate regime Fixed exchange rate Floating exchange rate Linked exchange rate Markets Foreign exchange market Futures exchange Products Currency Currency future Forex swap Currency swap Foreign exchange option A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of goods and services. It is a form of money, where money is defi ...

Including:

• Currency - History
• Currency - Early Currency
• Currency - Coinage
• Currency - The Era of Hard and Credit Money
• Currency - Legal Tender Era
• Currency - The Paper Money Era
• Currency - Modern currencies
• Currency - Privately-issued currencies
• Currency - Local currencies
• Currency - World currency
• Currency - Circulating currencies
• Currency - A-E
• Currency - F-M
• Currency - N-R
• Currency - S-Z
• Currency - Historical currencies
• Currency - Ancient Greece
• Currency - Ancient Rome
• Currency - Africa
• Currency - America
• Currency - Asia
• Currency - Australasia
• Currency - Europe
• Currency - Accounting units
• Currency - Proposed Currencies
• Currency - Lists

Read more here: » Currency: Encyclopedia - Currency

Economy of Argentina Currency Currency Board Corralito Cacerolazo 2001 Riots Apagón Debt exchange The Argentine economic crisis was part of the situation that affected Argentina's economy during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Macroeconomically speaking, the critical period started with the decrease of real GDP in 1999 and ended in 2002 with the return to GDP growth, but the origins of the collapse of Argentina's economy, and their effects on t ...

Including:

• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Origins
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The 1990s
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The crisis
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The end of convertibility
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Immediate effects
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The recovery
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Effects on wealth distribution
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Debt restructuring
• Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Criticism of the IMF

Read more here: » Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002: Encyclopedia - Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002

The origin of the dollar sign ("$") has been variously accounted for. Perhaps the most widely accepted explanation, according to the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing, is that it is the result of the evolution of the Mexican or Spanish "Ps" for pesos, or piastres, or pieces of eight (there is also a separate theory that the dollar sign derives from the number 8.) This theory, derived from a study of old manuscripts, explains that the floating "S" gradually came to be written over the "P", developing a close equiv ...

Including:

• Dollar sign - Currencies that use the dollar sign

Read more here: » Dollar sign: Encyclopedia - Dollar sign

Carlos Saúl Menem (born July 2, 1930) was President of Argentina from July 8, 1989 to December 10, 1999 for the Justicialist Party (Peronist). Carlos Menem - Background. He was born into the Muslim family of Saúl Menem and Mohibe Akil, Syrian immigrants in the small town of Anillaco, in the Argentine province of La Rioja. He was trained as a lawyer at the University of Córdoba and became a supporter of Juan Perón. Menem campaigned for political prisoners and was arrested in 1957 for suppor ...

Including:

• Carlos Menem - Background
• Carlos Menem - Political career
• Carlos Menem - President
• Carlos Menem - Continuing political career
• Carlos Menem - Corruption charges

Read more here: » Carlos Menem: Encyclopedia - Carlos Menem

The energy crisis was blamed on a number of factors. Argentine President Néstor Kirchner attributed it on lack of investment on the part of the private companies that exploit the resource (such as Repsol YPF), and the concomitant lack of pressure from past governments on those companies. The private corporations contended that their profits after the collapse of the Argentine economy were severely hurt by the freezing of domestic and industrial fees since 2002. Natural gas remained at the same price during the inflationary process ca ...

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Argentine energy crisis 2004, Argentine energy crisis 2004 - Causes, Argentine energy crisis 2004 - Remedies, Argentine energy crisis 2004 - Winter 2005, Argentine energy crisis 2004 - Reference

Read more here: » Argentine energy crisis 2004: Encyclopedia II - Argentine energy crisis 2004 - Causes

The official currency of Hungary is the forint (HUF). The motifs used are: ...

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List of motifs on banknotes, List of motifs on banknotes - Argentina, List of motifs on banknotes - Australia, List of motifs on banknotes - Brazil, List of motifs on banknotes - Canada, List of motifs on banknotes - Denmark, List of motifs on banknotes - England, List of motifs on banknotes - Euro Area, List of motifs on banknotes - Hungary, List of motifs on banknotes - Iceland, List of motifs on banknotes - India, List of motifs on banknotes - Japan, List of motifs on banknotes - Norway, List of motifs on banknotes - Philippines, List of motifs on banknotes - Poland, List of motifs on banknotes - Russia, List of motifs on banknotes - Scotland, List of motifs on banknotes - Slovakia, List of motifs on banknotes - South Africa, List of motifs on banknotes - Sweden, List of motifs on banknotes - Switzerland, List of motifs on banknotes - Turkey, List of motifs on banknotes - United States

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Politics of Argentina - Political parties. Argentina's two largest political parties are the Justicialist Party (Partido Justicialista, or PJ), which evolved out of Juan Perón's efforts in the 1940s to expand the role of labor in the political process (see Peronism), and the Radical Civic Union (Unión Cívica Radical, or UCR), founded in 1890. Traditionally, the UCR had more urban middle-class support and the PJ more labor support, but both parties are now broadly based. A grouping of mostl ...

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Politics of Argentina, Politics of Argentina - History, Politics of Argentina - Form of government, Politics of Argentina - Political parties and elections, Politics of Argentina - Political parties, Politics of Argentina - Latest legislative election, Politics of Argentina - Latest presidential election, Politics of Argentina - Policy, Politics of Argentina - Political divisions, Politics of Argentina - Current government, Politics of Argentina - Executive Branch, Politics of Argentina - Legislative Branch, Politics of Argentina - Judiciary Branch, Politics of Argentina - Other data and summary, Politics of Argentina - Elections, Politics of Argentina - Parties and leaders, Politics of Argentina - Political pressure groups and leaders, Politics of Argentina - International organization participation

Read more here: » Politics of Argentina: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Argentina - Political parties and elections

Economy of Argentina - Emergence into the world economy. Prior to the mid-1800s, Argentina was seen as a backwater region of the world. Around 1870 the Argentine economy began to experience swift growth through the exportation of its livestock commodities. This marked the beginning of a significant period of economic expansion. Between 1870 and 1914, the Argentine economy sustained an average rate of growth equal to 5% a year. In fact, by 1913, the country's per capita income ha ...

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Economy of Argentina, Economy of Argentina - Historic overview, Economy of Argentina - Emergence into the world economy, Economy of Argentina - End of export-led growth, Economy of Argentina - Post-World War II, Economy of Argentina - Modern era, Economy of Argentina - Banking, Economy of Argentina - Foreign trade, Economy of Argentina - Investment, Economy of Argentina - Other statistics, Economy of Argentina - Reference

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The riots were a predominantly middle-class uprising against the government of President Fernando de la Rúa, who had failed to contain the economic crisis and was going through its third year of recession. Since 1991, the Argentine peso was at a fixed exchange rate with the US dollar. The 1-to-1 rate had been instrumental to overcome the chronic hyperinflation bursts of the late 1980s, but deprived Argentina of full control over its monetary policy, and a sudden revaluation of the dollar in 1997 ended up harming exports, which wer ...

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December 2001 riots Argentina, December 2001 riots Argentina - Background, December 2001 riots Argentina - Corralito, December 2001 riots Argentina - December 19, December 2001 riots Argentina - December 20, December 2001 riots Argentina - The Rodríguez Saá Administration, December 2001 riots Argentina - The designation of Eduardo Duhalde

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When Kirchner entered the governor's office, the province of Santa Cruz (pop. 200,000) only contributed one percent to Argentina's gross national product, primarily through the production of raw materials (mostly oil) — was being battered by the ongoing economic crisis, with high unemployment and a budget deficit equal to USD $1.2 billion. He arranged for substantial investments to stimulate productivity, the labor market, and consumption, and concentrated on eliminating hyperinflation through monetary policy and deregulation, which Carlos ...

See also:

Néstor Kirchner, Néstor Kirchner - Early years, Néstor Kirchner - Governor of Santa Cruz, Néstor Kirchner - The 2003 presidential election, Néstor Kirchner - President of Argentina

Read more here: » Néstor Kirchner: Encyclopedia II - Néstor Kirchner - Governor of Santa Cruz

The banks had a share of the blame for this situation. It is believed that in mid-2001, it became clear to most of the bank owners and high-ranking officials that Argentina's banking system was going to crash, and some in fact spurred this outcome by letting their highest deposit holders know this news. These, mostly large companies, quickly moved their deposits abroad. Meanwhile, they continued to recommend their middle-class customers to enter deposits. It it believed that in the end the corralito ended up being good business ...

See also:

Corralito, Corralito - The banks and their role in the crisis

Read more here: » Corralito: Encyclopedia II - Corralito - The banks and their role in the crisis

During the restructuring process, the International Monetary Fund was considered a "privileged creditor", that is, debt payments to it were not suspended (except with previous agreement) and they did not suffer discounts. In 2005 Argentina shifted from a policy of constant negotiation with the IMF to refinance and postpone all payments, to a strategy of "disindebtment", consisting in paying in time with no discussion whenever possible, taking advantage of a large and growing fiscal surplus, with the ackno ...

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Argentine debt restructuring, Argentine debt restructuring - Current situation, Argentine debt restructuring - Disindebtment policy, Argentine debt restructuring - Anticipated payment, Argentine debt restructuring - Allegations of use of unpublished accounts of Clearstream, Argentine debt restructuring - Endnotes

Read more here: » Argentine debt restructuring: Encyclopedia II - Argentine debt restructuring - Disindebtment policy

Argentina implemented its currency board in April 1991. Its main achievement was in controlling inflation, which was brought down from more than 3,000% in 1989 to 3.4% in 1994. Another major accomplishment of the system was renewed economic growth. Enjoying the high world prices of primary products (Argentina's main exports), GDP grew at an annual rate of 8% between 1991 until the Tequila Effect of 1995 ...

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Argentine Currency Board, Argentine Currency Board - Background, Argentine Currency Board - The currency board, Argentine Currency Board - Flaws in implementation, Argentine Currency Board - Results of the currency board, Argentine Currency Board - Abandonment of the peg, Argentine Currency Board - Sources, Argentine Currency Board - External links

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Currency - Early Currency. The origin of currency is the creation of a circulating medium of exchange based on a store of value. Currency evolved from two basic innovations: the use of counters to assure that shipments arrived with the same goods that were shipped, and the use of silver ingots to represent stored value in the form of grain. Both of these developments had occurred by 2000 BC. This first stage of currency, where metals were used to represent stored value, and symbols to represent commodities ...

See also:

Currency, Currency - History, Currency - Early Currency, Currency - Coinage, Currency - The Era of Hard and Credit Money, Currency - Legal Tender Era, Currency - The Paper Money Era, Currency - Modern currencies, Currency - Privately-issued currencies, Currency - Local currencies, Currency - World currency, Currency - Circulating currencies, Currency - A-E, Currency - F-M, Currency - N-R, Currency - S-Z, Currency - Historical currencies, Currency - Ancient Greece, Currency - Ancient Rome, Currency - Africa, Currency - America, Currency - Asia, Currency - Australasia, Currency - Europe, Currency - Accounting units, Currency - Proposed Currencies, Currency - Lists

Read more here: » Currency: Encyclopedia II - Currency - History

He was born into the Muslim family of Saúl Menem and Mohibe Akil, Syrian immigrants in the small town of Anillaco, in the Argentine province of La Rioja. He was trained as a lawyer at the University of Córdoba and became a supporter of Juan Perón. Menem campaigned for political prisoners and was arrested in 1957 for supporting violent action against the dictatorship of Pedro Eugenio Aramburu. Notwithstanding his conversion to Catholicism, his ties with his parents' homeland remained strong. In 1964, he travelled to Sy ...

See also:

Carlos Menem, Carlos Menem - Background, Carlos Menem - Political career, Carlos Menem - President, Carlos Menem - Continuing political career, Carlos Menem - Corruption charges

Read more here: » Carlos Menem: Encyclopedia II - Carlos Menem - Background

In 1973, the ISO Technical Committee 68 decided to develop codes for the representation of currencies and funds for use in any application of trade, commerce or banking. At the 17th session (February 1978) of the related UN/ECE Group of Experts agreed that the three letter alphabetic codes for International Standard ISO 4217, "Codes for the representation of currencies and funds", would be suitable for use in international trade. Over time, new currencies are created and old currencies are discontinued. Frequently, these changes are d ...

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ISO 4217, ISO 4217 - History, ISO 4217 - Active codes, ISO 4217 - Obsolete currency codes, ISO 4217 - Replaced by Euro, ISO 4217 - Replaced for other reasons

Read more here: » ISO 4217: Encyclopedia II - ISO 4217 - History

The fight against inflation did not go well. In 1991, under the rule of Minister of Economy Domingo Cavallo, the Argentine peso's monetary value was fixed by law to the value of the United States dollar. The law (Ley de Convertibilidad) stated that any citizen could go to a bank and ask for any amount of cash in pesos to be converted to an equal amount of dollars; in order to secure this "convertibility", the Central Bank was bound to keep ...

See also:

Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Origins, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The 1990s, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The crisis, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The end of convertibility, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Immediate effects, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The recovery, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Effects on wealth distribution, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Debt restructuring, Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - Criticism of the IMF

Read more here: » Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002: Encyclopedia II - Argentine economic crisis 1999-2002 - The 1990s

According to the Acephaly Act, Puerta would only be President until the Legislative Assembly (a joint session of the Senate and the House of Deputies) convened and appointed a new President from either one member of Congress or a provincial governor to complete the resigning President's period. The Peronist governors assembled at San Luis -arguably the most powerful men in Argentina at the period- were divided on who to nominate. There were three "natural candidates", who were the governors of the three largest provinces: Carlos Rucka ...

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December 2001 riots Argentina, December 2001 riots Argentina - Background, December 2001 riots Argentina - Corralito, December 2001 riots Argentina - December 19, December 2001 riots Argentina - December 20, December 2001 riots Argentina - The Rodríguez Saá Administration, December 2001 riots Argentina - The designation of Eduardo Duhalde

Read more here: » December 2001 riots Argentina: Encyclopedia II - December 2001 riots Argentina - The Rodríguez Saá Administration