2 Population sans doubles comptes, i.e. not counting those people already counted in another commune (such as students and military personal). Argenteuil is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 12.3 km. (7.6 miles) from the center of Paris. Argenteuil is a sous-préfecture of the Val-d'Oise département, being the seat of the Arrondissement of Argenteuil. Argenteuil - History. Argenteuil was founded ...

Including:

• Argenteuil - History

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Argenteuil was founded as a convent in the 7th century (→ Pierre Abélard, Convent of Argenteuil). The monastery that arose from the convent was destroyed during the French Revolution. Argenteuil was known for the white asparagus and grapes grown there. Once an rural escape for Parisians, it is now a suburb of Paris. Painters made Argenteuil famous, including Claude Monet, Jean-Etienne Delacroix and Georges Braque. ...

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Argenteuil, Argenteuil - History, Argenteuil - Transportation

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Pierre Abélard (in English, Peter Abelard) or Abailard (1079–April 21, 1142) was a French scholastic philosopher. The story of his affair with his student, Héloïse has become legendary. Peter Abélard - Life. Peter Abélard - Youth. He was born in the little village of Pallet, about 10 miles east of Nantes, in Brittany, the eldest son of a noble Breton family. The name Abaelardus (also written Abailardus, Abaielardus, and in many other ways) is said to be a co ...

Including:

• Peter Abélard - Life
• Peter Abélard - Youth
• Peter Abélard - Rise to fame
• Peter Abélard - His love Héloïse
• Peter Abélard - Later life
• Peter Abélard - Reception
• Peter Abélard - Philosophical work
• Peter Abélard - Bibliography
• Peter Abélard - Works
• Peter Abélard - Popular culture

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Claude Monet also known as Oscar-Claude Monet or Claude Oscar Monet (November 14, 1840 – December 5, 1926) was a French impressionist painter. Claude Monet - Life. Monet was born in Paris, but his family moved to Le Havre in Normandy when he was five. His father wanted him to go into the family grocery store business, but Claude Monet wanted to become an artist. He first became known locally for his charcoal caricatures, which he would sell for ten to twenty francs. On the bea ...

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• Claude Monet - Life

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The 2005 civil unrest in France and neighboring countries was a series of riots and other forms of violent clashes between gangs of youths (predominantly of immigration background) and the French Police (as well as the police of neighboring countries). The riots, occurring simultaneously in various poor suburbs of large cities, mainly involved the burning of cars and public buildings as well as consequent clashes with police. The riots began on Thursday 27 October 2005 in the banlieues of Paris. They peaked on the night ...

Including:

• 2005 civil unrest in France - Timeline
• 2005 civil unrest in France - The event that triggered the riots
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Context
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Summary statistics
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Figures and tables
• 2005 civil unrest in France - List of areas affected
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Related events in other countries
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Response
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Political
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Police
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Aftermath
• 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

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Charlemagne (c.742 or 747–28 January 814) (also Charles the Great; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus) was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 781. He was crowned Imperator Augustus in Rome on Christmas Day, 800 by Pope Leo III and is therefore regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, a reincarnation of the ancient Western Roman Empire. Through military conquest and defence, he solidified and expanded his realm to cover most of Western Euro ...

Including:

• Charlemagne - Background
• Charlemagne - Date and place of birth
• Charlemagne - Life
• Charlemagne - Early life
• Charlemagne - Joint rule
• Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy
• Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns
• Charlemagne - Spanish campaign
• Charlemagne - Imperator
• Charlemagne - Administration
• Charlemagne - Death
• Charlemagne - Cultural significance
• Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance
• Charlemagne - Family
• Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs
• Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards
• Charlemagne - Sources

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Ary Scheffer (February 10, 1795 - June 15, 1858), French painter of Dutch extraction, was born at Dordrecht. After the early death of his father, a poor painter, Ary was taken to Paris and placed in the studio of Guérin by his mother, a woman of great energy and character. The moment at which Scheffer left Guérin coincided with the commencement of the Romantic movement. He had little sympathy with the directions given to it by either of its most conspicuous representatives, Sigalon, Delacroix or Géricault, and made various t ...

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Peter Abélard - Youth. He was born in the little village of Pallet, about 10 miles east of Nantes, in Brittany, the eldest son of a noble Breton family. The name Abaelardus (also written Abailardus, Abaielardus, and in many other ways) is said to be a corruption of Habélardus, substituted by Abélard himself for a nickname ('Bajolardus') given him when a student. As a boy, he learned quickly, and, choosing an academic life instead of the military career usual for one of his birth, acquired the art of dialectic, ...

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Peter Abélard, Peter Abélard - Life, Peter Abélard - Youth, Peter Abélard - Rise to fame, Peter Abélard - His love Héloïse, Peter Abélard - Later life, Peter Abélard - Reception, Peter Abélard - Philosophical work, Peter Abélard - Bibliography, Peter Abélard - Works, Peter Abélard - Popular culture

Read more here: » Peter Abélard: Encyclopedia II - Peter Abélard - Life

Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - Political. Interior Minister Nicolas Sarkozy, who has consistently advocated a tough approach to crime and restoring law and order, is a major probable contender for the 2007 presidential election. Success or failure on his part in quelling violence in suburban ghettos may thus have far-ranging implications. Any action by Sarkozy is likely to be attacked by the political opposition, as well as by members of his political coalition UMP who also expect to run for the pr ...

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Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - Domestic, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - Political, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - State of emergency, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - Police, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - Firefighters, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - International, Response to the 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

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Assessments of the extent of violence and damage that occurred during the riots are under way. Figures may be incomplete or inaccurate. Some French media sources, including France 3, have decided not to report the extent of damage so as to avoid any risk of inflaming the situation. [37] After the first few days of rioting media organisations agreed to publish only the total number of torched cars, without giving locations, to avoid encouraging any type of contest between rioters. The French Federation of Insurance Companies (FFSA), has given ...

See also:

2005 civil unrest in France, 2005 civil unrest in France - Timeline, 2005 civil unrest in France - The event that triggered the riots, 2005 civil unrest in France - Context, 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting, 2005 civil unrest in France - Summary statistics, 2005 civil unrest in France - Figures and tables, 2005 civil unrest in France - List of areas affected, 2005 civil unrest in France - Related events in other countries, 2005 civil unrest in France - Response, 2005 civil unrest in France - Political, 2005 civil unrest in France - Police, 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage, 2005 civil unrest in France - Aftermath, 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

Read more here: » 2005 civil unrest in France: Encyclopedia II - 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting

His family professed Communist beliefs, and Hue, as a child, used to sell issues of the Party newspaper, L'Humanité. He studied at the technical college in Cormeilles-en-Parisis, sang in a Rock band called Les Rapaces, and practiced judo (to the point were he won an inter-college medal and winning the black belt nidan). Age sixteen (1962), he entered the youth section of the PCF, and then the Party itself. After studying in Paris and becoming an orderly, he was employe ...

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Robert Hue, Robert Hue - Early activities, Robert Hue - Hue and Party reform, Robert Hue - Works

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RER - Origins. The origins of the RER can be traced back to the 1936 Ruhlmann-Langewin plan of the Compagnie du Métropolitain de Paris for a wide-sectioned "métropolitain express" (express metro). As the CMP's post-war successor, the RATP revived the scheme in the 1950s, with the result that that an interministerial committee decided in 1960 to go ahead with construction of a first, east-west, line. As its chief inspiration, the RATP was granted authority to run the new link and the SNCF thus ceded opera ...

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RER, RER - History, RER - Origins, RER - Pioneering, RER - Completion, RER - Enduring investment, RER - Map, RER - Trains, RER - Lines, RER - Stations, RER - Future developments, RER - International comparison

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Arrondissement of Argenteuil - Cantons. The cantons of Argenteuil are: Argenteuil-Est Argenteuil-Nord Argenteuil-Ouest Bezons Cormeilles-en-Parisis Herblay Sannois Arrondissement of Argenteuil - Communes. The communes of Argenteuil are: Argenteuil Bezons Cormeilles-en-Parisis La Frette-sur-Seine Monti ...

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Arrondissement of Argenteuil, Arrondissement of Argenteuil - Composition, Arrondissement of Argenteuil - Cantons, Arrondissement of Argenteuil - Communes

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At the first French census in 1801, Seine-et-Oise had 421,535 inhabitants. With the growth of the Paris suburbs, the population of Seine-et-Oise increased markedly, and by 1968 it had reached 2,943,350 inhabitants. It was judged that Seine-et-Oise was now too large and ungovernable, and so on January 1, 1968 it was split into (essentially) three smaller départements: Yvelines, Val-d'Oise, and Essonne. A small part of Seine-et-Oise was also merged with parts of the Seine département (also disbanded on January 1, 1968) to create the three new départements of Hauts-de-S ...

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Seine-et-Oise, Seine-et-Oise - General characteristics, Seine-et-Oise - Split-up, Seine-et-Oise - Grande couronne, Seine-et-Oise - Population

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Charlemagne - Early life. Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714–24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720–12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was the brother of Redburga, wife of King Egbert of Wessex, and Bertha, mother of the famous Roland, but he is only ever recorde ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Much of what is known of Charlemagne's life comes from his biographer, Einhard, who wrote a Vita Caroli Magni (or Vita Karoli Magni), which translates The Life of Charlemagne. Charlemagne - Early life. Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714 – 24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 – 12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was ...

See also:

Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources

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As an administrator, Charlemagne stands out for his many reforms: monetary, governmental, military, or ecclesiastical. Charlemagne - Monetary reforms. Pursuing his father's reforms, Charlemagne did away with the monetary system based on the gold sou. Both he and the Anglo-Saxon King Offa of Mercia took up the system set in place by Pippin. He set up a new standard, the livre (from the Latin libra, the modern pound)—a unit of both money and weight—which was worth 20 sous (from the L ...

See also:

Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources

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Seine-et-Oise was created on March 4, 1790. Its name comes from the two main rivers (Seine River and Oise River) flowing through it. At its disappearance in 1968, Seine-et-Oise consisted of 688 suburban and rural communes surrounding the Seine département to the north, west, and south. It had an area of 5,658 km² (2,184 sq. miles). The division of Seine-et-Oise into arrondissements changed many times. At its disappearance it had ten arrondissements: Argenteuil, Étampes, Mantes, Montmorency, Palaiseau, Pontoise, Le Ra ...

See also:

Seine-et-Oise, Seine-et-Oise - General characteristics, Seine-et-Oise - Split-up, Seine-et-Oise - Grande couronne, Seine-et-Oise - Population

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The riots were triggered by the deaths of two teenagers in Clichy-sous-Bois, a poor commune in an eastern banlieue (suburb) of Paris. Initially confined to the Paris area, the unrest subsequently spread to other areas of the Île-de-France région, and spread through the outskirts of France's urban areas, also affecting some rural areas. After 3 November it spread to other cities in France, affecting all 15 of the large aires urbaines in the country. Thousands of vehicles were burned, and at least one person was kil ...

See also:

2005 civil unrest in France, 2005 civil unrest in France - Timeline, 2005 civil unrest in France - The event that triggered the riots, 2005 civil unrest in France - Context, 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting, 2005 civil unrest in France - Summary statistics, 2005 civil unrest in France - Figures and tables, 2005 civil unrest in France - List of areas affected, 2005 civil unrest in France - Related events in other countries, 2005 civil unrest in France - Response, 2005 civil unrest in France - Political, 2005 civil unrest in France - Police, 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage, 2005 civil unrest in France - Aftermath, 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

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Charlemagne enjoyed an important afterlife in European culture. One of the great medieval literature cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centers around the deeds of Charlemagne's historical commander of the Breton border, Roland, and the paladins who served as a counterpart to the knights of the Round Table; their tales were first told in the chansons de geste. Charlemagne himself was accorded sainthood inside the Holy Roman Empire after the twelfth century. His canonization by Antipope Paschal III was never recognized by the Holy Se ...

See also:

Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources

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