The voiced velar plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɡ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g. Of the six plosives that would be expected from the most common pattern world-wide, that is, three places of articulation plus voicing ([p b, t d, k ɡ]), [p ...

Including:

• Voiced velar plosive - Features
• Voiced velar plosive - Varieties of [ɡ]
• Voiced velar plosive - In English
• Voiced velar plosive - In other languages
• Voiced velar plosive - The symbol

Read more here: » Voiced velar plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiced velar plosive

The voiceless bilabial plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is p, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p. The voiceless bilabial plosive in English is spelled with 'p', as in pit or speed. [p] is missing from about 10% of languages that have a [ ...

Including:

• Voiceless bilabial plosive - Features
• Voiceless bilabial plosive - Varieties of the voiceless bilabial plosive
• Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Arabic
• Voiceless bilabial plosive - In English
• Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Georgian
• Voiceless bilabial plosive - In German
• Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Greek

Read more here: » Voiceless bilabial plosive: Encyclopedia - Voiceless bilabial plosive

The close central unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɨ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 1. The IPA symbol is the letter i with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "barred-i". /ɨ/ is very common as a separate phoneme in the indigenous languages ...

Including:

• Close central unrounded vowel - Features
• Close central unrounded vowel - Occurs in
• Close central unrounded vowel - English
• Close central unrounded vowel - Bibliography

Read more here: » Close central unrounded vowel: Encyclopedia - Close central unrounded vowel

Close central unrounded vowel - English. For some dialects of English that distinguish between two reduced vowels, barred-i is used to transcribe the closer of the two vowels; the more open reduced vowel is transcribed with ə (schwa). For example, in those dialects that distinguish the words "roses" and "Rosa's", the sound of the 'e' in roses is [ɨ] and the sound of the 'a' in Rosa's is See also:

Close central unrounded vowel, Close central unrounded vowel - Features, Close central unrounded vowel - Occurs in, Close central unrounded vowel - English, Close central unrounded vowel - Bibliography

Read more here: » Close central unrounded vowel: Encyclopedia II - Close central unrounded vowel - Occurs in

The Centum-Satem isogloss discusses the treatement of the three dorsal rows reconstructed for PIE, *kʷ, *gʷ, *gʷʰ (labiovelars), *k, *g, *gʰ (velars), and *ḱ, *ǵ, *ǵʰ; (palatovelars) in the daughter languages. A division into a Centum and a Satem group do ...

See also:

Centum-Satem isogloss, Centum-Satem isogloss - Proto-Indo-European dorsals, Centum-Satem isogloss - Satem, Centum-Satem isogloss - Centum, Centum-Satem isogloss - Origins of the sound change, Centum-Satem isogloss - Literature

Read more here: » Centum-Satem isogloss: Encyclopedia II - Centum-Satem isogloss - Proto-Indo-European dorsals

Gbe languages - Sounds. The following phonetic segments are attested in Gbe languages: Notes When symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant except for the trills & approximants rows, where the symbol to the right represents a nasalised consonant. The voiced apico-postalveolar stop is generally written with the symbol for the alveolar voiced retroflex consonant [ɖ]. It approximates this sound, but is not as retroflex.

Chilcotin language - Consonants. Chilcotin has 47 consonants: Like many Athabaskan languages, Chilcotin does not have a contrast between fricatives and approximants. The alveolar series is pharyngealized. Dentals and alveolars: Both Krauss (1975) and Cook (1993) describe the dental and alveolar as being essentially identical in articulation—postdental—with the only differentiating factor being their different behaviours in the vowel flattening processes (describe ...

See also:

Chilcotin language, Chilcotin language - Sounds, Chilcotin language - Consonants, Chilcotin language - Vowels, Chilcotin language - Tone, Chilcotin language - Phonological processes, Chilcotin language - Grammar, Chilcotin language - Bibliography

Read more here: » Chilcotin language: Encyclopedia II - Chilcotin language - Sounds

St'at'imcets language - Consonants. St'at'imcets has 44 consonants: Obstruents consist of the stops, affricates, and fricatives. There are 22 obstruents. Sonorants consist of the nasals and approximants. There are 22 resonants. Glottalized stops are pronounced as ejective consonants. Glottalized sonorants are pronounced with creaky voice: /n’/ = [n̰]. St'at'imcets contrasts glottalized sonorants with sequences of sonorants and glottal stops and even sequences of glottali ...

See also:

St'at'imcets language, St'at'imcets language - Regional varieties, St'at'imcets language - Sounds, St'at'imcets language - Consonants, St'at'imcets language - Vowels, St'at'imcets language - Phonotactics of roots, St'at'imcets language - Orthography, St'at'imcets language - Phonological processes, St'at'imcets language - Grammar, St'at'imcets language - Reduplication, St'at'imcets language - Text, St'at'imcets language - Bibliography

Read more here: » St'at'imcets language: Encyclopedia II - St'at'imcets language - Sounds

English has both aspirated and plain [p], but they are allophones. When [p] occurs at the beginning of a word or a stressed syllable, like in print, support, or potato, then it is always aspirated. When it occurs at the beginning of an unstressed syllable that isn't at the beginning of a word, like in occupant, vapid, or keeper, then it is always unaspirated. When [p] occurs in a consonant cluster following [s], like in spin, sprain, or suspend, then it is always unaspirat ...

See also:

Voiceless bilabial plosive, Voiceless bilabial plosive - Features, Voiceless bilabial plosive - Varieties of the voiceless bilabial plosive, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Arabic, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In English, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Georgian, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In German, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Greek

Read more here: » Voiceless bilabial plosive: Encyclopedia II - Voiceless bilabial plosive - In English

St'at'imcets has two main dialects: Upper St’at’imcets (a.k.a. St’aá’imcets, Fountain) Lower St’at’imcets (a.k.a. Lil'wat7úlmec, Mount Currie) Upper St'at'imcets is spoken around Fountain, Pavilion, Lillooet, and neighboring areas. Lower St'at'imcets is spoken around Mount Currie and neighboring areas. An additional subdialect called Skookumchuck is spoken within the Lower St'at'imcets dialect area, but there is no information available in van Eijk (1 ...

See also:

St'at'imcets language, St'at'imcets language - Regional varieties, St'at'imcets language - Sounds, St'at'imcets language - Consonants, St'at'imcets language - Vowels, St'at'imcets language - Phonotactics of roots, St'at'imcets language - Orthography, St'at'imcets language - Phonological processes, St'at'imcets language - Grammar, St'at'imcets language - Reduplication, St'at'imcets language - Text, St'at'imcets language - Bibliography

Read more here: » St'at'imcets language: Encyclopedia II - St'at'imcets language - Regional varieties

The following is a portion of a story in van Eijk (1981:87) told by Rosie Joseph of Mount Currie. St'at'imcets: Nilh aylh lts7a sMáma ti húz̓a qweqwl’el’tmínan. N̓as ku7 ámlec áku7 tsípunsa. Nilh t’u7 st’áksas ti xláka7sa. Tsicw áku7, nilh t’u7 ses wa7, kwánas et7ú i sqáwtsa. Wa7 ku7 t’u7 áti7 xílem, t’ak ku7 knáti7 ti pú7y̓acwa. Nilh ku7 t’u7 skwánas, lip̓in̓ás ku7. Nilh ku7 t’u7 aylh stsuts: "Wa7 nalh aylh láti7 kapv́ta!" Nilh ku7 t’u7 aylh sklhaka7mínas ku7 láti7 ti sqáwtsa cwilhá k̓a, nao7q̓ spawts ti kwa ...

See also:

St'at'imcets language, St'at'imcets language - Regional varieties, St'at'imcets language - Sounds, St'at'imcets language - Consonants, St'at'imcets language - Vowels, St'at'imcets language - Phonotactics of roots, St'at'imcets language - Orthography, St'at'imcets language - Phonological processes, St'at'imcets language - Grammar, St'at'imcets language - Reduplication, St'at'imcets language - Text, St'at'imcets language - Bibliography

Read more here: » St'at'imcets language: Encyclopedia II - St'at'imcets language - Text

St'at'imcets has two main types of words: full words variable words invariable words clitics proclitics enclitics The variable word type may be affected by many morphological processes, such as prefixation, suffixation, infixation, reduplication, and glottalization. question of category of noun St'at'imcets language - Reduplication. St’át’imcets, as is typical of the Salishan family, has several types of reduplication (and triplication) that have a range of functions su ...

See also:

St'at'imcets language, St'at'imcets language - Regional varieties, St'at'imcets language - Sounds, St'at'imcets language - Consonants, St'at'imcets language - Vowels, St'at'imcets language - Phonotactics of roots, St'at'imcets language - Orthography, St'at'imcets language - Phonological processes, St'at'imcets language - Grammar, St'at'imcets language - Reduplication, St'at'imcets language - Text, St'at'imcets language - Bibliography

Read more here: » St'at'imcets language: Encyclopedia II - St'at'imcets language - Grammar

The Satem languages show the characteristic change of the so-called Proto-Indo-European palato-velars (*ḱ, *ǵ, *ǵʰ) into affricate and fricative consonants articulated in the front of the mouth. For example, *ḱ became Sanskrit ś [ʃ], Avestan, Russian and Armen ...

See also:

Centum-Satem isogloss, Centum-Satem isogloss - Proto-Indo-European dorsals, Centum-Satem isogloss - Satem, Centum-Satem isogloss - Centum, Centum-Satem isogloss - Origins of the sound change, Centum-Satem isogloss - Literature

Read more here: » Centum-Satem isogloss: Encyclopedia II - Centum-Satem isogloss - Satem

Ancient Greek had plain and aspirated [p] phonemes, written pi (π) and phi (φ) respectively. The aspirated form developed into [f] by Hellenistic times, perhaps earlier. In reading ancient Greek, both in Greece and elsewhere, φ is commonly pronounced [f]. In standard Modern Greek, there is only [p] (π); φ is pronounced [f]. ...

See also:

Voiceless bilabial plosive, Voiceless bilabial plosive - Features, Voiceless bilabial plosive - Varieties of the voiceless bilabial plosive, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Arabic, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In English, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Georgian, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In German, Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Greek

Read more here: » Voiceless bilabial plosive: Encyclopedia II - Voiceless bilabial plosive - In Greek

Gbe languages - Before 1600. Ketu, in present day Benin, might be an appropriate starting point for a brief history of the Gbe-speaking peoples. Ewe traditions refer to Ketu as Amedzofe ("origin of humanity") or Mawufe ("home of the Supreme Being"). It is believed that the inhabitants of Ketu originally belonged to the Oyo people of Nigeria and were pressed westward by a series of wars between the 10th and the 13th century. In Ketu, the ancestors of the Gbe-speaking peoples separated themselves from other refugees a ...

See also:

Gbe languages, Gbe languages - Languages, Gbe languages - Geography and demography, Gbe languages - Classification, Gbe languages - Naming, Gbe languages - History, Gbe languages - Before 1600, Gbe languages - European traders and the transatlantic slave trade, Gbe languages - Colonisation and onwards, Gbe languages - Renaissance du Gbe, Gbe languages - Linguistic features, Gbe languages - Sounds, Gbe languages - Morphology, Gbe languages - Syntax, Gbe languages - Notes and references, Gbe languages - Notes, Gbe languages - References

Read more here: » Gbe languages: Encyclopedia II - Gbe languages - History

Gbe languages - Geography and demography. The Gbe language area is bordered to the west and east by the Volta river in Ghana and the Weme river in Nigeria. The northern border is between 6 and 8 degrees latitude and the southern border is the Atlantic coast. The area is neighbored mainly by other Kwa languages, except for the east and north-east, where Yorùbá is spoken. To the west, Ga-Dangme, Guang and Akan are spoken. To the north, it is bordered by ...

See also:

Gbe languages, Gbe languages - Languages, Gbe languages - Geography and demography, Gbe languages - Classification, Gbe languages - Naming, Gbe languages - History, Gbe languages - Before 1600, Gbe languages - European traders and the transatlantic slave trade, Gbe languages - Colonisation and onwards, Gbe languages - Renaissance du Gbe, Gbe languages - Linguistic features, Gbe languages - Sounds, Gbe languages - Morphology, Gbe languages - Syntax, Gbe languages - Notes and references, Gbe languages - Notes, Gbe languages - References

Read more here: » Gbe languages: Encyclopedia II - Gbe languages - Languages

In the Centum languages, the palato-velar consonants merged with plain velars (*k, *g, *gʰ). Most of the Centum languages preserve Proto-Indo-European labio-velars (*See also:

Centum-Satem isogloss, Centum-Satem isogloss - Proto-Indo-European dorsals, Centum-Satem isogloss - Satem, Centum-Satem isogloss - Centum, Centum-Satem isogloss - Origins of the sound change, Centum-Satem isogloss - Literature

Read more here: » Centum-Satem isogloss: Encyclopedia II - Centum-Satem isogloss - Centum

In the 19th century, it was sometimes assumed that the centum-satem isogloss was the original dialect division of the Indo-European languages. However already Karl Brugmann, and in particular Johannes Schmidt regarded the Centum/Satem sound changes as an areal feature. Incomplete Satemization in Baltic, and, to a lesser extent, Slavic, is taken as an indication of the diffusion of the satem sound change, or, alternatively, due to loans via early contact of Proto-Baltic and Proto-Germanic speakers. Examples of remnants of labial elemen ...

See also:

Centum-Satem isogloss, Centum-Satem isogloss - Proto-Indo-European dorsals, Centum-Satem isogloss - Satem, Centum-Satem isogloss - Centum, Centum-Satem isogloss - Origins of the sound change, Centum-Satem isogloss - Literature

Read more here: » Centum-Satem isogloss: Encyclopedia II - Centum-Satem isogloss - Origins of the sound change