An archpriest is the title of a priest which has supervisory duties over a number of parishes. The term is most often used in Eastern Orthodoxy and Eastern-Rite Catholicism, since the corresponding office in the Roman Catholic Church has been replaced by the vicar forane. Much like the archdeacon was the head of the diaconate of a diocese in ancient times, the archpriest was first the chief of the presbyterium of the diocese. Eventually by the Middle Ages, the office evolved into the priest of the principal parish among ...

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Saint Braulio, bishop of Zaragoza (d.651), was a learned cleric of seventh-century Spain. He succeeded his brother John in the see where he had previously been archdeacon. He was an advisor and confidante of several Visigothic kings, including Chindasuinth, whose son Reccesuinth he recommended be installed as associate king. He is reported to have encouraged Isidore of Seville in his encyclopaedic ambitions, and to have had a hand in the revision of his works. He was present at the councils of Toledo in 633, 636, and 638 and he respon

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Urban II, né Otho of Lagery (or Otto or Odo) (1042 - July 29, 1099), was a pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099. He is most known for starting the First Crusade and setting up the modern day Roman Curia, in the manner of a royal court, to help run the Church. He was born into nobility in France at Lagery (near Châtillon-sur-Marne) and was church-educated. He was archdeacon of Reims when, under the influence of St. Bruno his teacher, he resigned and entered the cloister at Cluny where he rose to be prior. In 1078, Gregory VII summoned ...

Including:

• Pope Urban II - Crusades
• Pope Urban II - Urban II and Sicily

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The Shroud of Turin (or Turin Shroud) is a linen cloth bearing the image of a man who appears to have been physically traumatized in a manner consistent with crucifixion. It is presently kept in the royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin, Italy. Some believe it is the cloth that covered Jesus of Nazareth when he was placed in his tomb and that his image was somehow recorded on its fibers at or near the time of his imputed resurrection. Skeptics contend the shroud is a medieval hoax or forgery - or even ...

Including:

• Shroud of Turin - General observations
• Shroud of Turin - History
• Shroud of Turin - Possible history before the 14th century: The Image of Edessa
• Shroud of Turin - 14th century
• Shroud of Turin - 15th century
• Shroud of Turin - 16th century to present
• Shroud of Turin - The controversy
• Shroud of Turin - Theories of image formation
• Shroud of Turin - Second Image on back of cloth
• Shroud of Turin - Analyses of the Shroud
• Shroud of Turin - Textual criticism
• Shroud of Turin - Analysis of artistic style
• Shroud of Turin - Analysis of optical perspective
• Shroud of Turin - The Shroud in the Catholic Church
• Shroud of Turin - Conclusions

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1115 - Events. Clairvaux Abbey is founded by St. Bernard. Anselm of Laon becomes archdeacon of Laon. Hugh of St. Victor joins the Victorines in Paris. Pierre Abélard becomes canon of Notre Dame de Paris. Stephen of England becomes count of Mortain. The title of Duke of Atholl is created (approximate date). Lothar I of Supplinburg defeats Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, in the Battle of Welfesholz. Arnulf of Chocques is accused of sexual relations ...

Including:

• 1115 - Events
• 1115 - Births
• 1115 - Deaths

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Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna, (b. Illueca, Aragon, 1328; d. Peñíscola, near Valencia, 1423) was an Aragonese, and is considered by many Roman Catholics an Antipope. Pedro de Luna was born at Illueca in Aragon (part of modern Spain) in 1328. He belonged to the de Luna family, who were part of the Spanish noblility. He studied law at the University of Montpellier, where he obtained his doctorate and later taught canon law. His knowledge of canon law, noble lineage and austere way of life won him the approval of Pope Gregory XI, who appointed de Luna to the position o ...

Including:

• Avignon Pope Benedict XIII - Sources

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The following terms have traditional meanings for the Anglican Church, and possibly beyond: A churchman is in principle a member of a church congregation, in practice someone in holy orders. A clergyman can be assumed to be in holy orders. The clergy is a term applied widely across many religions, while clergyman has connotations at least of Protestantism: while a priest might be Catholic, Anglo-Catholic or Orthodox Christian. A minister might belong to any Protestant church (not Catholic).

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He wrote several books on Mysticism. William Ralph Inge - Bibliography. "Christian Mysticism", 1899 "Light, Life and Love" (Selections from the German Mystics of the Middle Ages), 1904 (currently in the public domain, Project Gutenberg Release #4664 November 2003, available online from [1] and [2]) "Truth and Falsehood in Religion", 1906 "The Philosophy of Plotinus: The Gifford Lectures at St. Andrews", 1917 - 1918. ISBN 1592442846 (softcover), ISBN 0837101131 (hardcover)See also:

William Ralph Inge, William Ralph Inge - Background, William Ralph Inge - Professional Life, William Ralph Inge - Clergy, William Ralph Inge - Works, William Ralph Inge - Bibliography, William Ralph Inge - Personal

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The origin of the relic is hotly disputed. Those who believe it to have been used in Christ's burial have coined the term sindonology to describe its study (from Greek σινδων—sindon, the word used in the Gospel of Mark to describe the cloth that Joseph of Arimathea bought to use as Jesus' burial cloth). The term is generally not used by skeptics of the mystical origins of the relic. It may be impossible to ever fully resolve the controversy over the cloth because some believers are willing to accept supernatural explana ...

See also:

Shroud of Turin, Shroud of Turin - General observations, Shroud of Turin - History, Shroud of Turin - Possible history before the 14th century: The Image of Edessa, Shroud of Turin - 14th century, Shroud of Turin - 15th century, Shroud of Turin - 16th century to present, Shroud of Turin - The controversy, Shroud of Turin - Theories of image formation, Shroud of Turin - Second Image on back of cloth, Shroud of Turin - Analyses of the Shroud, Shroud of Turin - Textual criticism, Shroud of Turin - Analysis of artistic style, Shroud of Turin - Analysis of optical perspective, Shroud of Turin - The Shroud in the Catholic Church, Shroud of Turin - Conclusions

Read more here: » Shroud of Turin: Encyclopedia II - Shroud of Turin - The controversy

Urban's crusading movement took its first public shape at the Council of Piacenza, where in March 1095 Urban received an ambassador from the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus, asking for help against the Muslims. A great council met, attended by numerous Italian, Burgundian, and French bishops in such vast numbers it had to be held in the open air outside the city. At the Council of Clermont held in November of the same year, Urban's sermon proved the most effective single speech in European history, as he summoned the French people to wr ...

See also:

Pope Urban II, Pope Urban II - Crusades, Pope Urban II - Urban II and Sicily

Read more here: » Pope Urban II: Encyclopedia II - Pope Urban II - Crusades

One of the first acts of the new pope was to send legates to Constantinople with letters to Emperor Constans II, informing him of his election, and professing his faith. The legates unfortunately allowed themselves to be deceived, (or bribed), and brought back a synodical letter from Peter, the new Patriarch of Constantinople (656 - 666), while the emperor's envoy, who accompanied them, brought offerings for St. Peter, and a request from the emperor that the pope would enter into communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople. Peter's letter ...

See also:

Pope Eugenius I, Pope Eugenius I - The Constantinople Letter Affair, Pope Eugenius I - Later Years

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The Scottish Episcopal Church, is a Scottish church in full communion with, but distinct from, the Church of England, and is composed of seven dioceses: Aberdeen and Orkney - The Most Rev Bruce Cameron, Primus Argyll and the Isles - The Rt Rev Martin Shaw - consecrated 8 June 2004 Brechin - Bishop Elect: The Rev Dr John Mantle, consecrated 8 October 2005 Edinburgh - The Rt Rev Brian Smith Glasgow and Galloway - The Rt Rev Idris Jones Moray, Ross and Caithness - The Rt Rev John Crook St Andrews, Dunkeld and D ...

See also:

Scottish Episcopal Church, Scottish Episcopal Church - Governance and administration, Scottish Episcopal Church - History, Scottish Episcopal Church - Current issues, Scottish Episcopal Church - Name, Scottish Episcopal Church - Theology and sociology, Scottish Episcopal Church - Mission 21, Scottish Episcopal Church - Liturgies, Scottish Episcopal Church - Notable Scottish Episcopalians, Scottish Episcopal Church - Authorities

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As a Crusader state Jerusalem was constantly in a state of war. Since Baldwin III's blunder by attacking allied Damascus during the Second Crusade in 1147, the northern frontier was exposed to Nur ad-Din, whose own power continued to grow from his bases in Mosul, Aleppo, and later Damascus when that city fell under his control. Jerusalem lost influence to Byzantium in northern Syria when the Empire imposed its suzerainty over the Principality of Antioch, although Byzantium was increa ...

See also:

Amalric I of Jerusalem, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Youth, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Succession, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Conflicts with the Muslim states, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Invasions of Egypt, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Byzantine alliance, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Rise of Saladin, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Death, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Physical characteristics, Amalric I of Jerusalem - Sources

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There is no contemporaneous account of Prince Edmund's life until 21 August 1485. His first appearance on record seems to have been at a feast on the eve of the Battle of Bosworth Field. There King Richard III of England (cf. Peter Cook) gathered his supporters to make war against Henry Tudor. Lord Edmund Plantagenet, as he then was, arrived in the company of his father the Duke of York and brother, Harry, Earl of March. However, when Edmund cheered for the King the latter had to enquire as to the former's identity. As his own father ...

See also:

Prince Edmund Blackadder, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Battle of Bosworth Field, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The Black Adder, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Service under a regent, Prince Edmund Blackadder - First encounter with Dougal McAngus, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Claiming the throne, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The murder of an Archbishop, Prince Edmund Blackadder - A shrewd prince, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Archbishop of Canterbury, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Assassination attempt, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The next few years, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Engagement, Prince Edmund Blackadder - First attempt at marriage, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Marriage, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Black plague, Prince Edmund Blackadder - A witch-hunt begins, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Introduction to the Witchsmeller, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Accused of being a witch, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Beginning of a witch trial, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Incarceration, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Conclusion of the witch trial, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Awaiting execution, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Failed execution, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Disgruntled Prince, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Recruiting conspirators, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Conspiracy plans, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The Hawk, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Treachery, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Poisoned, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Further comments, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Legacy, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Titles and honours

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He is best known for investigations on the length and division of arcs of certain curves, especially the lemniscate; this seems also to have been in his own estimation his most important work, since he had the figure of the lemniscate with the inscription: "Multifariam divisa atque dimensa Deo veritatis gloria", engraved on the title-page of his Produzioni Matematiche, which he published in two volumes (Pesaro, 1750), and dedicated to Pope Benedict XIV. The same figu ...

See also:

Giulio Carlo de' Toschi di Fagnano, Giulio Carlo de' Toschi di Fagnano - Work, Giulio Carlo de' Toschi di Fagnano - Life

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It was suffragan to the Archdiocese of Hamburg (990-1104), to the Archdiocese of Lund (1104-64), and finally to the Archdiocese of Uppsala (1164-1530). This diocese, the most ancient in Sweden, included the provinces of Västergötland and Värmland. After the reformation, Värmland was made part of the Diocese of Mariestad, later transferred to Karlstad (Diocese of Karlstad). It was founded about 990 at Skara, the capital of the country of the Geats (Gauthiod), the whole of which it embraced until about 1100, when the eastern portion ...

See also:

Diocese of Skara, Diocese of Skara - History, Diocese of Skara - Bishop list

Read more here: » Diocese of Skara: Encyclopedia II - Diocese of Skara - History

Patriarch Athenagoras was born Aristokles Spyrou in Vasilikón, near Ioánnina, Epirus, Greece, on March 25, 1886. The son of the village doctor, his mother died when he was only 13. He attended the Patriarchical Theological School at Halki, Turkey, graduating in 1910. Upon graduating he was ordained to the diaconate taking the name Athenagoras. He served as archdeacon of the Diocese of Pelagonia before becoming the secretary to Archbishop Meletius (Metaxakis) of Athens in 1919. He ...

See also:

Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople, Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople - Life, Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople - Legacy, Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople - Source

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Chaplains are either classified as Jewish (currently only in the Territorial Army) or as a member of one of the following five Christian denominational groups: Church of England (including the Church of Ireland, Church in Wales and Scottish Episcopal Church) Church of Scotland (including the Presbyterian Church of Ireland) Roman Catholic Church Methodist Church United Board, incorporating the Baptist Church, United Reformed Church and Congregational Church However, an Army chaplain is expected to minister to and provide p ...

See also:

Royal Army Chaplains' Department, Royal Army Chaplains' Department - Representative denominations in the RAChD, Royal Army Chaplains' Department - Ranks

Read more here: » Royal Army Chaplains' Department: Encyclopedia II - Royal Army Chaplains' Department - Representative denominations in the RAChD

The work is divided into eleven books each consisting of two to eight chapters. The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book one. The reader is introduced to Pierre Gringoire, a poor playwright who has come to the Great Hall to see his play performed on Epiphany. However, the performance goes awfully, with the play being interrupted by the heckling of the student crowds, the arrival of the Cardinal and the antics of a famous beggar (Clopin Trouillefou). The crowds see Quasimodo, the titular hunchback, and there is a ...

See also:

The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Plot summary, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book one, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book two, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book three, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book four, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book five, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book six, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book seven, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book eight, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book nine, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book ten, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Book eleven, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Thematic concerns, The Hunchback of Notre Dame - Reception of the work

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Henry therefore called a Parliament in 1529, to deal with the divorce, which lasted for seven years and has subsequently become to be known as the Reformation Parliament. This Parliament passed many of the Acts which cut England's political ties with Rome. In 1530 Henry brought praemunire charges against fifteen leading clerics, among whom were some prominent supports of Catherine of Aragon, for obeying Cardinal Wolsey's legatine authority. These included Bishops John Fisher, John Clerk, Nicholas West and Henry Standish and archdeacon ...

See also:

English Reformation, English Reformation - Background, English Reformation - The Break with Rome, English Reformation - The Reign of Edward VI, English Reformation - The English Reformation reversed, English Reformation - The Elizabethan Religious Settlement, English Reformation - Notes

Read more here: » English Reformation: Encyclopedia II - English Reformation - The Break with Rome