Phylum Crenarchaeota Phylum Euryarchaeota     Halobacteria     Methanobacteria     Methanococci     Methanopyri     Archaeoglobi     Thermoplasmata     Thermococci Phylum Korarchaeota Phylum Nanoarchaeota The Archaea (also called Archaebacteria) are a major division of living organisms. Although there is still uncertainty in the exact phylogeny of the groups, Archae ...

Including:

• Archaea - History
• Archaea - Archaea Bacteria and Eukaryotes
• Archaea - Habitats
• Archaea - Form
• Archaea - Evolution and classification

Read more here: » Archaea: Encyclopedia - Archaea

Definition and meaning of Archaea:

Archaea - a group of organisms that resemble bacteria. However, these organisms are biochemically and genetically different from bacteria. Some species live in the most extreme environments found on Earth

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Archaea are similar to other prokaryotes in most aspects of cell structure and metabolism. However, their genetic transcription and translation — the two central processes in molecular biology — do not show the typical bacterial features, but are extremely similar to those of eukaryotes. For instance, archaean translation uses eukaryotic initiation and elongation factors, and their transcription ...

See also:

Archaea, Archaea - History, Archaea - Archaea Bacteria and Eukaryotes, Archaea - Habitats, Archaea - Form, Archaea - Evolution and classification

Read more here: » Archaea: Encyclopedia II - Archaea - Archaea Bacteria and Eukaryotes

Archaea are similar to other prokaryotes in most aspects of cell structure and metabolism. However, their genetic transcription and translation — the two central processes in molecular biology — do not show the typical bacterial features, but are extremely similar to those of eukaryotes. For instance, archaean translation uses eukaryotic initiation and elongation factors, and their transcriptio ...

See also:

Archaea, Archaea - History, Archaea - Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotes, Archaea - Habitats, Archaea - Form, Archaea - Evolution and classification

Read more here: » Archaea: Encyclopedia II - Archaea - Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryotes

A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). Microorganisms are often illustrated using single-celled, or unicellular organisms; however, some unicellular protists are visible to the naked eye, and some multicellular species are microscopic. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology. Microorganism - Micro-organisms and unicellular organisms. Micro-organisms may be found almost anywhere in the taxonomic structure. Unice ...

Including:

• Microorganism - Micro-organisms and unicellular organisms
• Microorganism - Habitats and ecology

Read more here: » Microorganism: Encyclopedia - Microorganism

Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including viruses, viroids, prions, prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes (e.g. molds and fungi). Microbes represent ideal model systems for study due to the fact that many can be grown quickly and easily in genetically uniform cultures (e.g. agar), which allows for the production of biological materials (e.g. protein or DNA) in reasonable quantities quickly, safely and inexpensively. However, viruses, viroids, and prions cann ...

Read more here: » Microbiology: Encyclopedia - Microbiology

An alkane in organic chemistry is a saturated hydrocarbon without cycles, that is, an acyclic hydrocarbon in which the molecule has the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms and so has no double bonds. Alkanes are also often known as paraffins, or collectively as the paraffin series; these terms, however, are also used to apply only to alkanes whose carbon atoms form a single, unbranched chain; when this is done, branched-chain alkanes are called isoparaffins. Alkanes are aliphatic compounds. The general formu ...

Including:

• Alkane - Isomerism
• Alkane - Nomenclature of alkanes
• Alkane - Alkanes with unbranched carbon chains
• Alkane - Alkanes with branched carbon chains
• Alkane - Trivial names
• Alkane - Occurrence
• Alkane - Purification and use
• Alkane - Preparation
• Alkane - Molecular geometry
• Alkane - Bond lengths and bond angles
• Alkane - Conformation
• Alkane - Properties
• Alkane - Physical properties
• Alkane - Chemical properties
• Alkane - Thermochemistry
• Alkane - Spectroscopic properties
• Alkane - Reactions
• Alkane - Reactions with oxygen
• Alkane - Reactions with halogens
• Alkane - Cracking and reforming
• Alkane - Other reactions
• Alkane - Hazards
• Alkane - Alkanes in nature
• Alkane - Bacteria and archaea
• Alkane - Fungi and plants
• Alkane - Animals
• Alkane - Ecological relations

Read more here: » Alkane: Encyclopedia - Alkane

Carl Richard Woese is an American microbiologist famous for defining the Archaea (a new domain or kingdom of life) in 1976 by phylogenetic taxonomy of 16S ribosomal RNA, a technique pioneered by Woese and which is now standard practice. He was also the originator of the RNA world hypothesis in 1967, although not by that name. He was born in Syracuse, New York, on July 15, 1928. Woese is currently a professor of Microbiology a ...

Read more here: » Carl Woese: Encyclopedia - Carl Woese

In biology and ecology, an organism (in Greek organon = instrument) is a complex adaptive system of organs that influence each other in such a way that they function as a more or less stable whole and have properties of life. The origin of life and the relationships between its major lineages are controversial. Two main grades may be distinguished, the prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The prokaryotes are generally considered to represent two separate domains, called the Bacteria and Archaea, which are not closer to one anothe ...

Including:

• Organism - Organizational terminology
• Organism - Viruses
• Organism - Life span

Read more here: » Organism: Encyclopedia - Organism

Wikispecies is a new project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. It is meant to become an open, free directory of species. This will cover animalia, plantae, fungi, bacteria, archaea, protista and all other forms of life and will be developed in close connection with other wiki-projects, especially Wikipedia. Other related archivesWikimedia Foundation, Wikipedia, animalia, archaea, bacteria, fungi, plantae, protista, wiki

Read more here: » Wikispecies: Encyclopedia - Wikispecies

The Aquificae phylum is a diverse collection of bacteria that live in harsh environmental settings. They have been found in hot springs, sulfer pools, thermal ocean vents. Members of the genus Aquifex, for example, are productive in water between 85 to 95 °C. They are the dominant members of most terrestrial neutral to alkaline hot springs above 60 degrees celsius. They are autotrophs, and are the primary carbon fixers in these environments. They a ...

Read more here: » Aquificae: Encyclopedia - Aquificae

The Monera are a biological kingdom, comprising most living things with a prokaryotic cell organization. For this reason the kingdom is sometimes called Prokaryotae. Prior to its creation these were treated as two separate divisions of plants: the Schizomycetes or bacteria, considered fungi, and the Cyanophyta or blue-green algae. The latter are now considered a group of bacteria, typically called the cyanobacteria, and are known not to be ...

Read more here: » Monera: Encyclopedia - Monera

Oxygen is a chemical element in the periodic table. It has the symbol O and atomic number 8. The element is very common, found not only on Earth but throughout the universe, usually covalently bonded with other elements. Unbound oxygen (usually called molecular oxygen, O2, a diatomic molecule) first appeared on Earth during the Paleoproterozoic era (between 2500 million years ago and 1600 million years ago) and as a product of the metabolic action of early anaerobes (archaea and bacteria). The presence of free oxygen ...

Including:

• Oxygen - Characteristics
• Oxygen - Applications
• Oxygen - History
• Oxygen - Occurrence
• Oxygen - Compounds
• Oxygen - Isotopes
• Oxygen - Precautions

Read more here: » Oxygen: Encyclopedia - Oxygen

A cell wall is a more or less solid layer surrounding a cell. They are found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and algae. Animals and most other protists have cell membranes without surrounding cell walls. When a cell wall is removed using cell wall degrading enzymes, what is left of the cell and its surrounding plasma membrane is called a protoplast. The cell walls main purpose is to actually protect the interior from any physical movement that may damage the cell.. Cell wall - Plant cell walls. Plant c ...

Including:

• Cell wall - Plant cell walls
• Cell wall - Composition of plant cell walls
• Cell wall - Algal cell walls
• Cell wall - Diatom cell walls
• Cell wall - Prokaryotic cell walls
• Cell wall - Fungal cell walls
• Cell wall - Pictures

Read more here: » Cell wall: Encyclopedia - Cell wall

Binary fission is the form of asexual reproduction used by most prokaryotes to reproduce. This process results in the reproduction of a living cell by division into two equal or near-equal parts. Binary fission begins when the DNA replication occurs. Each circular DNA strand then attaches to the plasma membrane. The cell elongates, causing the two chromosomes to separate. The plasma membrane then invaginates (grows inwards) and splits the cell into two daughter cells through a process called cytokinesis. Organisms that reproduce ...

Read more here: » Binary fission: Encyclopedia - Binary fission

In biology, chaperones are proteins whose function is to assist other proteins in achieving proper folding. Many chaperones are heat shock proteins, that is, proteins expressed in response to elevated temperatures or other cellular stresses. The reason for this behaviour is that protein folding is severely affected by heat, for example, and therefore chaperones act to counteract the potential damage. Although most proteins can fold in absence of chaperones, a minority strictly requires them. Broadly speaking, there are two majo ...

Read more here: » Chaperone: Encyclopedia - Chaperone

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth. Obligate anaerobes will die when exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen, while facultative anaerobes can use oxygen when it is present. Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen, but are not affected by exposure to air. Microaerophiles are organisms that may use oxygen, but only at low concentrations (low micromolar range); their growth is inhibited by normal oxygen concentrations (approximately 200 micromolar). < ...

Read more here: » Anaerobic organism: Encyclopedia - Anaerobic organism

Burping, also known as belching, ructus or eructation, is the release of gas from the digestive tract (mainly esophagus and stomach) through the mouth. It is often audible. Burping - Physiology. Burping is typically caused by eating or drinking too fast, and thereby swallowing (aerophagia) and subsequently expelling air, in which case the expelled gas is a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen. Burps can also be caused by imbibing carbonated drinks such as beer, soft drinks, or champagne, in w ...

Including:

• Burping - Physiology
• Burping - Social context and etiquette
• Burping - Infant burping
• Burping - Burped speech
• Burping - In animals

Read more here: » Burping: Encyclopedia - Burping

Black smokers are a type of hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. Generally hundreds of meters wide, black smokers are formed when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. They are rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around the vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the frigid ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposit ...

Including:

• Black smoker - Black smoker ecosystem

Read more here: » Black smoker: Encyclopedia - Black smoker

A group of organisms is said to have common descent if they have a common ancestor. In biology, the theory of universal common descent proposes that all organisms on Earth are descended from a common ancestor or ancestral gene pool.[1] A theory of universal common descent based on evolutionary principles was proposed by Charles Darwin in his book The Origin of Species (1859), and later in The Descent of Man (1871). Thi ...

Including:

• Common descent - History
• Common descent - Evidence for common descent
• Common descent - Universality and similarity
• Common descent - The argument from irrelevant differences
• Common descent - Footnotes

Read more here: » Common descent: Encyclopedia - Common descent