Arameans

The Aramaeans, or Arameans, were a Semitic, seminomadic and pastoralist people who originated and had lived in upper Mesopotamia and Syria. Aramaeans have never had a unified empire; they were divided in independent kingdoms all across the Near East. Yet to these Aramaeans befell the privilege of imposing their language and culture upon the entire Near East and beyond. Scholars even have used the term 'Aramaization' for the Syro-Mesopotamian peoples, languages and cultures that have been made 'Aramean'. Arameans - ...

Including:

• Arameans - Language
• Arameans - History
• Arameans - 14th century BC
• Arameans - 12th century BC
• Arameans - 11th century B.C.
• Arameans - 10th – 9th centuries BC
• Arameans - From 8th century BC
• Arameans - Religion and art
• Arameans - Modern
• Arameans - External references

Read more here: » Arameans: Encyclopedia - Arameans

The origin of the Aramaeans is still uncertain, arising from the limited amount of evidence regarding the mention of Aramaeans in Mesopotamian inscriptions. The appearance of the Aramaeans is retraced to two different dates: the 14th and the 12th centuries depending upon the acceptance of some kind of relationship between the Aramaeans and the Ahlamû. Nonetheless, present-day scholarship seems to be agreed upon their Upper Mesopotamian origins. See also:

Arameans, Arameans - Language, Arameans - History, Arameans - 14th century BC, Arameans - 12th century BC, Arameans - 11th century B.C., Arameans - 10th – 9th centuries BC, Arameans - From 8th century BC, Arameans - Religion and art, Arameans - Modern, Arameans - External references

Read more here: » Arameans: Encyclopedia II - Arameans - History

The origin of the Aramaeans is still uncertain, arising from the limited amount of evidence regarding the mention of Aramaeans in Mesopotamian inscriptions. The appearance of the Aramaeans is retraced to two different dates: the 14th and the 12th centuries depending upon the acceptance of some kind of relationship between the Aramaeans and the Ahlamû. Nonetheless, present-day scholarship seems to be agreed upon their Upper Mesopotamian origins. See also:

Arameans, Arameans - Language, Arameans - History, Arameans - 14th century BC, Arameans - 12th century BC, Arameans - 11th century BC, Arameans - 10th – 9th centuries BC, Arameans - From 8th century BC, Arameans - Religion and art, Arameans - Modern, Arameans - External references

Read more here: » Arameans: Encyclopedia II - Arameans - History

Beth Nahrain (Syriac: ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ; "the house/land of the rivers") is the Neo-Aramaic name for Mesopotamia (a Greek word which means "the land between the rivers"). It refers to the rivers Frot (Euphrates) and Deqlath (Tigris), in and around the modern-day countries of Turkey, Syria and Iraq. Unlike the Greek name, the Neo-Aramaic name loosely describes the area of the rivers, not between. This larger area roughly encompasses Iraq, Syria, southeast Turkey, Lebanon,

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33°30' N 36°18' E The Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic: الجمهورية العربية السورية) or Syria (Arabic: سوريا) is a country in the Middle East. It borders Lebanon to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north. Israel occupies the Golan Heights in the southwest of the country; a dispute with Turkey over the Hatay Province now seems to have subsided. Historically, Syria has often been taken to include the terri ...

Including:

• Syria - Name
• Syria - History
• Syria - French occupation
• Syria - Independence to 1970
• Syria - 1970 to 2005
• Syria - 2000 to 2005
• Syria - The events from 2005
• Syria - Politics
• Syria - Government
• Syria - Governorates
• Syria - Geography
• Syria - Economy
• Syria - Demographics
• Syria - Culture
• Syria - Holidays
• Syria - Fairs and festivals
• Syria - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Syria: Encyclopedia - Syria

Chaldea, "the Chaldees" of the KJV Old Testament, was a Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylonia. One early such reference is to the impending sack of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II (Habakkuk 1:6). The Hebrew name for ancient Chaldeans was כשדים (Kasdim). The Book of Genesis narrative of Abraham places him at Ur, which was at a later time the country of the kasdim— the "Chaldeans", or just possibly the "Kassites". The toponymy is that of the Neo-Babylonian period of the Torah editors, not that of the supposed time of the or ...

Including:

• Chaldea - People
• Chaldea - Politics
• Chaldea - Chaldean Astrologers and Magicians

Read more here: » Chaldea: Encyclopedia - Chaldea

The Sons of Ever or Bnei Eyver (בני-עבר) a synonym for the earliest cultural Hebrews, are first mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Genesis 10:21. In orthodox circles the term is understood to refer to the wider family of Hebrew (commonly identified as Habiru) peoples from whom Abraham came. Each of the names of the children in question is understood to stand for the different Hebrew nations. In Protestant & Reform circles Hebrews are defined as descending from Abraham and the identification of the Bnei Eyver of Genesis 10:21 remains obscure except for the eighth generation around whose de ...

Read more here: » Children of Eber: Encyclopedia - Children of Eber

The term Aram can refer to: Aram is the name of the Armenian Patriarch, whose name was given to the people he led, the Armenians. Aram is a popular Aramaic personal name. Aram or just "ram" is the Aramaic word for "powerful", "strong", "high" or "great". Aram the ancient land included Lebanon, Syria, parts of Israel, Jordan and Mesopotamia (Aramaic "Aram-Naharaim"). Aram (אֲרָם "Highland", Standard Hebrew Aram, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĂrām

Read more here: » Aram: Encyclopedia - Aram

Elijah (אֱלִיָּהוּ "Whose/my God is the Lord", Standard Hebrew Eliyyáhu, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĔliyyāhû), also Elias (NT Greek Ἠλίας), is a prophet of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. His name has been variously translated as "whose God is the Lord", "God the Lord", "the strong Lord", "God of the Lord", "my God is the Lord", "the Lord is my God", and "my God is Jehovah". Elijah prophet - In the Hebrew Bible. Elijah is first introduced in 1 Kings 17:1 as d ...

Including:

• Elijah prophet - In the Hebrew Bible
• Elijah prophet - Other Biblical Elijahs
• Elijah prophet - New Testament references
• Elijah prophet - In Islam

Read more here: » Elijah prophet: Encyclopedia - Elijah prophet

The first cities started developing in southern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC. With these ties of religion began to replace ties of kinship as the basis for society. Each city had a patron god, worshipped in a massive central temple called a ziggurat, and was ruled by a priest-king (ishakku). Society became more segmented and specialized and capable of coordinated projects like irrigation and warfare. Along with cities came a number of advances in technology. By around the 31st century BC, writing, the wheel, ...

See also:

History of the Levant, History of the Levant - The Stone age, History of the Levant - The Bronze age, History of the Levant - The Iron age, History of the Levant - The Classical empires, History of the Levant - The Islamic era, History of the Levant - The Ottoman Period and the 20th Century

Read more here: » History of the Levant: Encyclopedia II - History of the Levant - The Bronze age

The Aramaic, native language of the Arameans, became the lingua franca of the Assyrian Empire and the western provinces of the Persian Empire, mainly because of its simple, alphabetic writing system, more useful in administration than cuneiform. Aramaic was still used as lingua franca by the native people at the time of Jesus. During the Roman Empire and for the following millennium the lingua franca was Greek in the east and Latin in the west. The French language also served as lingua franca later on. French was ...

See also:

Lingua franca, Lingua franca - Languages which have served as a lingua franca, Lingua franca - In a specific sense

Read more here: » Lingua franca: Encyclopedia II - Lingua franca - Languages which have served as a lingua franca

The Aramaic, native language of the Arameans, became the lingua franca of the Assyrian Empire and the western provinces of the Persian Empire, mainly because of its simple, alphabetic writing system, more useful in administration than cuneiform. Aramaic was still used as lingua franca by the native people at the time of Jesus. During the Roman Empire and for the following millennium the lingua franca was Greek in the east and Latin in the west. The French language also served as lingua franca later on. French was ...

See also:

Lingua franca, Lingua franca - Languages which have served as a lingua franca, Lingua franca - Mediterranean lingua franca

Read more here: » Lingua franca: Encyclopedia II - Lingua franca - Languages which have served as a lingua franca

The term Middle East defines a cultural area, so it does not have precise borders. The most common and highly arbitrary definition includes: Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Turkey, Iran (Persia), Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Iran is often the eastern border, but Afghanistan and western Pakistan are often included due to their close relationship (ethnically and religiously) to the larger group of Iranian peoples as well as hist ...

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Middle East, Middle East - Characteristics, Middle East - History, Middle East - Borders, Middle East - Changes in the meaning over time, Middle East - Eurocentrism, Middle East - Indirect translations, Middle East - Similar terms, Middle East - Middle Easterner, Middle East - Geography, Middle East - Regions of the Middle East

Read more here: » Middle East: Encyclopedia II - Middle East - Borders

Archaeologists have demonstrated that Syria was the center of one of the most ancient civilizations on earth. Around the excavated city of Ebla in north-eastern Syria, discovered in 1975, a great Semitic empire spread from the Red Sea north to Turkey and east to Mesopotamia from 2500 to 2400 B.C. The city of Ebla alone during that time had a population estimated at 260,000. Scholars believe the language of Ebla to be the old ...

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Syria, Syria - Name, Syria - History, Syria - French occupation, Syria - Independence to 1970, Syria - 1970 to 2005, Syria - 2000 to 2005, Syria - The events from 2005, Syria - Politics, Syria - Government, Syria - Governorates, Syria - Geography, Syria - Economy, Syria - Demographics, Syria - Culture, Syria - Holidays, Syria - Fairs and festivals, Syria - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Syria: Encyclopedia II - Syria - History

The first cities started developing in southern Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC. With these ties of religion began to replace ties of kinship as the basis for society. Each city had a patron god, worshipped in a massive central temple called a ziggurat, and was ruled by a priest-king (ishakku). Society became more segmented and specialized and capable of coordinated projects like irrigation and warfare. Along with cities came a number of advances in technology. By around the 31st century BC, writing, the wheel, ...

See also:

History of the Levant, History of the Levant - The Stone age, History of the Levant - The Bronze age, History of the Levant - The Iron age, History of the Levant - The Classical empires, History of the Levant - The Islamic era, History of the Levant - The Ottoman period and the 20th century

Read more here: » History of the Levant: Encyclopedia II - History of the Levant - The Bronze age

The following table is a breakdown of each letter in the Hebrew alphabet, describing its written glyph or glyphs, its name or names, its Latin script transliteration values used in academic work, and its pronunciation in reconstructed historical forms and dialects using the International Phonetic Alphabet. If two glyphs are shown for a letter, then the left-most glyph is the Final form of the letter (or right-most glyph if your browser doesn't support right-to-left text layout). Hebrew alphabet - Name and transliteration. Hebrew alphab ...

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Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew alphabet - Roots of the Hebrew Alphabet, Hebrew alphabet - Short table, Hebrew alphabet - Description, Hebrew alphabet - Main table, Hebrew alphabet - Name and transliteration, Hebrew alphabet - Numerical value and pronunciation, Hebrew alphabet - Notes, Hebrew alphabet - Vowel formation, Hebrew alphabet - Ancient Hebrew, Hebrew alphabet - History, Hebrew alphabet - Unicode Table, Hebrew alphabet - HTML Code Table

Read more here: » Hebrew alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Hebrew alphabet - Main table

Many of the tribes living in the Middle East, between the time of Abraham and the time of Christ, have a genealogical connection to the Patriarchs or their descendants. This list, taken from the book of Genesis, gives the details of that genealogy. Noah, father of Shem, Ham, and Japheth Ham, father of Canaan (Canaanites) Canaan, father of Sidon, Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashities, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites Shem, ancestor of ...

See also:

Patriarchs Bible, Patriarchs Bible - Other uses, Patriarchs Bible - Relation to other tribes

Read more here: » Patriarchs Bible: Encyclopedia II - Patriarchs Bible - Relation to other tribes

The Chaldean influence was felt in Babylonian politics. Several 9th and 8th century BC Babylonian kings were of Chaldean origin. The Chaldeans formed some of the strongest resistance to Assyrian rule. King Marduk-apal-iddina II resisted the Assyrians in the times of Sargon II and the early years of Sennacherib. King Mushezib-Marduk was king just before Sennacherib's sack of Babylon in 689 BC. When Babylonia finally reestablished its independence, it was under the Chaldean Dynasty of king Nabopolassar. After the conquest of Babylonia by the Persians, the Chaldeans ...

See also:

Chaldea, Chaldea - People, Chaldea - Politics, Chaldea - Chaldean Astrologers and Magicians

Read more here: » Chaldea: Encyclopedia II - Chaldea - Politics

The history of Şanlıurfa city dates as far back as 8,000 BC. It was among several cities in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin that together, are considered to be the cradle of the Mesopotamian civilization. The Turks claim that Urfa (its name, since Byzantine days) is the biblical city of Ur, due to its proximity to the biblical village of Harran, and is where Abraham was born and defeated by King Nimrud. However, the Iraqis also claim the same about the city of Ur in souther ...

See also:

Şanlıurfa Province, Şanlıurfa Province - History, Şanlıurfa Province - Geography

Read more here: » Şanlıurfa Province: Encyclopedia II - Şanlıurfa Province - History

Although rapid economic development followed the declaration of independence, Syrian politics from independence through the late 1960s was marked by upheaval. Between 1946 and 1956, Syria had 20 different cabinets and drafted four separate constitutions. In 1948, Syria was involved in the Arab-Israeli War. The Syrian army was pressed out of the Israel area, but fortified their strongholds on the Golan Heights and managed to keep their old borders. A series of military coups, begun in 1949, undermined civilian rule and led to army colonel Adi ...

See also:

History of Syria, History of Syria - Ancient history, History of Syria - Eblan civilization, History of Syria - Syria in antiquity, History of Syria - Early Christian and Islamic history, History of Syria - French occupation, History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970, History of Syria - Ba'ath Party rule under Hafiz al-Assad 1970-2000, History of Syria - 21st century

Read more here: » History of Syria: Encyclopedia II - History of Syria - Instability and growth: independence to 1970