Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia - Arab
The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ʻarab) are a large and heterogenous ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa, originatin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - Who Is An Arab?
The definition of who an Arab is has several aspects: Ethnic identity: someone who considers himself to be an Arab (regardless of racial...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - Traditional Genealogy
Medieval Arab genealogists divided the Arabs into three groups: the "ancient Arabs", tribes that had been destroyed or vanished, such as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Palestinian Refugee: Encyclopedia Ii - Palestinian Refugee - Treatment In Arab Countries
Palestinian refugee - Jordan. Jordan is the only Arab country which historically gave citizenship rights to Palestinian refugees. After...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Palestinian Refugee: Encyclopedia Ii - Palestinian Refugee - History
Many Palestinians had already become refugees by the time neighboring Arab states attacked the newly established State of Israel in 1948,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berber: Encyclopedia - Berber
Algeria: 7,500,000 Tunisia:    200,000 Libya:    250,000+ Mauretania:    80,000 Egypt:    10,000...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Christians: Encyclopedia - Arab Christians
Arab Christians are people who are ethnically Arab and who follow the religion of Christianity. There are believed to be nearly 9 million...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab League And The Arab-israeli Conflict: Encyclopedia - Arab League And The Arab-israeli Conflict
The League was established on March 22, 1945. When the League founding pact was signed in Cairo, Egypt, "[t]he Arab League states collect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar
Arabic is a Semitic language. See Arabic language for more information on the language in general. This article describes the grammar of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Diaspora: Encyclopedia - Arab Diaspora
Arab diaspora refers to the numbers of Arab immigrants, and their descendants, who voluntarily or as refugees emigrated from their native...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews
Yemenite Jews (תֵּימָנִי, Standard Hebrew Temani, Tiberian Hebrew Têmānî; plural תֵּימָנִים, Standard Hebrew Temani...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - As-saaffat: Encyclopedia - As-saaffat
Surat As-Saaffat (Arabic: سورة الصافات ) (Those Who Set The Ranks, Drawn Up In Ranks) is the 37th sura of the Qur'an with 182 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - An-naziat: Encyclopedia - An-naziat
Surat Al-Naziat (Arabic: سورة النازعات ) (Those Who Drag Forth, Soul-snatchers) is the 79th sura of the Qur'an with 46 ayat. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-mutaffifin: Encyclopedia - Al-mutaffifin
Surat Al-Mutaffifin (Arabic: سورة المطففين ) (or "those who deal in fraud") is the 83rd sura of the Qur'an with 36 ayat. ....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infidel: Encyclopedia - Infidel
Infidel. An infidel is an unbeliever in respect to a particular religion, especially Christianity or Islam. In Islam, kafir is most com...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bahamut: Encyclopedia - Bahamut
Bahamut (Arabic: بهموت Bahamūt) is originally an aquatic figure of Arabic mythology, though this figure has been significantly alte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Danna: Encyclopedia - Danna
Danna was a Palestinian village that was captured by Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. Besides name of the village, danna also me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Palestinian Refugee: Encyclopedia Ii - Palestinian Refugee - Who Is A Palestinian Refugee?
Whereas most refugees are the concern of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), most Palestinian refugees - those in the West Ban...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bedouin: Encyclopedia - Bedouin
Bedouin, derived from the Arabic badawi بدوي, a generic name for a desert-dweller, is a term generally applied to Arab nomadic groups...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantine Iv: Encyclopedia - Constantine Iv
Constantine IV (649-685) was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. He had been named a co-emperor with his father Constans II in 654, and becam...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-muwahhidūn: Encyclopedia - Al-muwahhidūn
Al-Muwahhidūn (Arabic الموحدون) is an Arabic word meaning "monotheists" or "those who believe in the unity of God (tawhid)" (or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-kahf: Encyclopedia - Al-kahf
Surat al-Kahf (Arabic: سورة الكهف ) ("The Cave") is the 18th sura of the Qur'an. It has 110 ayat. It is a Makkan sura. Dhul-Qarn...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amr Ibn Al-a'as: Encyclopedia - Amr Ibn Al-a'as
Amr ibn al-'Ās (Arabic: عمرو بن العاص) (d. 663 CE) was an Arab military commander who is most noted for leading the Islamic c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abu Talib Ibn Abd Al-muttalib: Encyclopedia - Abu Talib Ibn Abd Al-muttalib
Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib (Arabic: أبو طالب بن عبد المطلب ) known as (Arabic: أبوطالب Abu Talib) (d. 619) m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Houri: Encyclopedia - Houri
In Islam, the houri (ﺣﻮﺭﻳﺔ), Ḥour-ul-`Ein or ḥawra’ in Arabic, are described as "fair women of Paradise" awaiting devout ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of The Trench: Encyclopedia - Battle Of The Trench
The Battle of the Trench (Arabic غزوةالخندق) (also Battle of the Ditch, "Battle of the Parties" Battle of Ahzab (Arabicغزوة...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Awan: Encyclopedia - Awan
Awan was an Elamite dynasty of Iran. Awan is an arabic word, which means helper or an assistant. Awans, as a group, are one of the South ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yefet Ben Ali: Encyclopedia - Yefet Ben Ali
Yefet ben Ali lived during the 10th century, a native of Basra in the area of present-day Iraq. He is perhaps the foremost Karaite commen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Constantine Algeria: Encyclopedia - Constantine Algeria
Constantine or Qustantînah is a city:Constantine or Qustantînah (Arabic: قسنطينة ) and a wilaya (Arabic: ولاية قسنطين...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Achmet Oneiromancer: Encyclopedia - Achmet Oneiromancer
Achmet, son of Seirim (Gk. Achmet huios Seireim), the author of a work on the Interpretation of Dreams, Oneirocritica, is probably the sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aladdin: Encyclopedia - Aladdin
Aladdin (a corruption of the Arabic name Alauddin/ʿAlāʾu d-Dīn, Arabic: علاء الدين, Chinese: 阿拉丁) is one of the tales ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Al-humaza: Encyclopedia - Al-humaza
Surat Al-Humaza (Arabic: سورة الهمزة ) (The Traducer, The Gossipmonger) is the 104th sura of the Qur'an, with 9 ayat. It condem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dhimmi: Encyclopedia - Dhimmi
A Dhimmi, or Zimmi (Arabic ذمي), as defined in classical Islamic legal and political literature, is a person living in a Muslim state ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Palestinian Refugee: Encyclopedia Ii - Palestinian Refugee - History
Many Palestinians had already become refugees prior to the time neighboring Arab states attacked the newly established State of Israel in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Palestinian Refugee: Encyclopedia Ii - Palestinian Refugee - Right Of Return
The Palestinian refugees claim a right of return, based on Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ("Everyone has the rig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berber: Encyclopedia Ii - Berber - The Arabization Of Northwest Africa
Before the 9th century, most of Northwest Africa was a Berber-speaking area. The process of Arabization only became a major factor with t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berber: Encyclopedia Ii - Berber - Origin
There is no complete certitude about the origin of the Berbers; however, various disciplines shed light on the matter. Berber - Genetic ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berber: Encyclopedia Ii - Berber - Phenotype And Genotype By Region
The appearance and the genetic make-up of Berbers is best examined together with that of their fellow Arabic-speaking inhabitants of Nort...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berber: Encyclopedia Ii - Berber - History
The Berbers have lived in North Africa between western Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean for as far back as records of the area go. References...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berber: Encyclopedia Ii - Berber - Famous Berbers
Berber - In ancient times. Shoshenq I, (Egyptian Pharaoh of Libyan origin) Masinissa, King of Numidia, North Africa, present day Alger...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Berber: Encyclopedia Ii - Berber - Religions And Beliefs
Berbers are predominantly Sunni Muslim, most belonging to the Maliki madhhab, while the Mozabites, Djerbans, and Nafusis of the northern ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Arabic Names: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Arabic Names - Maintenance Notes
This list includes any Arabic name that is known to be used as a personal name in any cultural or religious tradition, not exclusively li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israeli Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Israeli Arab - Introduction
Israeli Arabs, also referred to as Arab-Israelis, Arab citizens of Israel or Palestinian citizens of Israel, are Arabs who are citizens o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab League And The Arab-israeli Conflict: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab League And The Arab-israeli Conflict - Before 1948
The League was established on March 22, 1945. When the League founding pact was signed in Cairo, Egypt, "[t]he Arab League states collect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - History
Due to the rapid expansion of Islam in the 8th century, many people learned Arabic as a lingua franca. For this reason, the earliest gram...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - The Decline Of Arabic Literature
The expansion of the Arab people in the 7th and 8th century brought them into contact with a variety of different peoples who would affec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moroccan Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Moroccan Arabic - Vocabulary
Moroccan Arabic is grammatically simpler, and has a less voluminous vocabulary than Classical Arabic. It has also integrated many Berber,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Exodus From Arab Lands: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Exodus From Arab Lands - Jews Flee Arab States 1948-
Beginning in the late 19th century, the Zionist movement led to an immigration of Jews to Ottoman-ruled Palestine (which did not exist as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Projects Working For Peace Among Israelis And Arabs: Encyclopedia Ii - Projects Working For Peace Among Israelis And Arabs - Islam-israel Fellowship
Shaykh Abdul Hadi Palazzi, a leader of Italian Muslim Association and a co-founder and a co-chairman of the Islam-Israel Fellowship (anot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Hindu-arabic Numeral System: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Hindu-arabic Numeral System - Adoption By The Arabs
Before the rise of the Arab empire, the Hindu-Arabic numeral system was already moving West and was mentioned in Syria in 662 AD by the N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Etymology Of The Word Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Etymology Of The Word Arab - In Hebrew
In Hebrew the words `arav and `aravah literally mean "desert" or "steppe". In the Hebrew Bible the latter feminine form is used exclusive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabization And Islamicization In Post-conquest Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabization And Islamicization In Post-conquest Iran - Iranian Culture After Islam
After the Islamic conquest of Iran, during the Ummayad dynasty, the Arabs, imposed Arabic as the first language throughout the Muslim emp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Law And The Arab-israeli Conflict: Encyclopedia Ii - International Law And The Arab-israeli Conflict - Legal Issues Related To Refugees
International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict - Legal definition of refugee. The tractate that is most often invoked for legally defi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1948 Arab-israeli War: Encyclopedia Ii - 1948 Arab-israeli War - Phases Of The War
1948 Arab-Israeli War - First phase: November 29 1947 - April 1 1948. In the twelve days following the UN decision 79 jews were killed ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bilad Al-sham: Encyclopedia Ii - Bilad Al-sham - Syria Vs. Sham
The Arabic word suriyya (سوريا, "official" spelling سورية) was not widely used among Arabic-speaking Muslims before about 1870,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - History Of The Community
Local Yemenite Jewish traditions trace the earliest settlement of Jews in this region back to the time of King Solomon. One legend has it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Religious Traditions
The Yemenite Jews are the only Jewish community who maintain the tradition of reading the Torah in the synagogue in both Hebrew and the A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Yemenite Jews And Maimonides
The average Jewish population of Yemen for the first five centuries C.E. is said to have been about 3,000. The Jews were scattered throug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Religious Groups
The three main groups of Yemenite Jews are the Baladi, the Shami and the Maimonideans or "Rambamists" (followers of Maimonides aka "Ramba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Form Of Hebrew
There are two main pronunciations of Yemenite Hebrew, considered by many scholars to be the most accurate form of Biblical Hebrew, althou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Writings
The oldest Yemenite manuscripts are those of the Hebrew Bible, which the Yemenite Jews call "Taj" ("crown"). They date from the ninth cen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Operation Magic Carpet
In 1922, the government of Yemen reintroduced an ancient Islamic law requiring that Jewish orphans under age 12 be forcibly converted to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - History Of The Community
Local Yemenite Jewish traditions trace the earliest settlement of Jews in this region back to the time of King Solomon. One legend has it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Religious Traditions
The Yemenite Jews are the only Jewish community who maintain the tradition of reading the Torah in the synagogue in both Hebrew and the A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Yemenite Jews And Maimonides
The average Jewish population of Yemen for the first five centuries C.E. is said to have been about 3,000. The Jews were scattered throug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Religious Groups
The three main groups of Yemenite Jews are the Baladi, the Shami and the Maimonideans or "Rambamists" (followers of Maimonides aka "Ramba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Form Of Hebrew
There are two main pronunciations of Yemenite Hebrew, considered by many scholars to be the most accurate form of Biblical Hebrew, althou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Writings
The oldest Yemenite manuscripts are those of the Hebrew Bible, which the Yemenite Jews call "Taj" ("crown"). They date from the ninth cen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yemenite Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Yemenite Jews - Operation Magic Carpet
In 1922, the government of Yemen reintroduced an ancient Islamic law requiring that Jewish orphans under age 12 be forcibly converted to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Early Arab Egypt: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Early Arab Egypt - Bahri Mameluk Dynasty
The Mameluk sultans were drawn from the enfranchized slaves who formed the court and officered the arm. The sultans were unable to effect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kuwait: Encyclopedia Ii - Kuwait - Demographics
Kuwaiti citizens are a minority of those who reside in Kuwait. The government only rarely grants citizenship to non-citizens (who are gen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geomancy: Encyclopedia Ii - Geomancy - Literary Background
The poem Experimentarius attributed to Bernardus (Bernard) Silvestris (Silvester), who wrote in the middle of the 12th century, was a ver...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture Of Iraq: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Iraq - Modern Culture
In the most recent millennium, what is now Iraq has been made up of five cultural areas: Kurdish in the north centered on Arbil; Sunni Is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iraq: Encyclopedia Ii - Iraq - Culture
Main article: Culture of Iraq In the most recent millennium, what is now Iraq has been made up of five cultural areas: Kurdish in the nor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allah: Encyclopedia Ii - Allah - Etymology
Allah - Usage. Although, outside the Arab world, use of the word Allāh is most often associated with Islam, it is not exclusive to tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Riots In Palestine Of 1929: Encyclopedia Ii - Riots In Palestine Of 1929 - Aftermath
Altogether 195 Arabs and 34 Jews were sentenced by the courts for crimes related to the 1929 riots. Death sentences were handed down to 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haganah: Encyclopedia Ii - Haganah - Origins
The predecessor of Haganah was the HaShomer (Guild of Watchman) established in 1909. It was a small group of Jewish immigrants who guarde...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Consolidation And Schisms
The Abbasids had depended heavily on the support of Persians in their overthrow of the Umayyads. Abu al-'Abbas' successor, al-Mansur, mov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abbasid: Encyclopedia Ii - Abbasid - Consolidation And Schisms
The Abbasids had depended heavily on the support of Persians in their overthrow of the Umayyads. Abu al-'Abbas' successor, al-Mansur, mov...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tanzania: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tanzania - Zanzibar
An early Arab/Persian trading center, Zanzibar fell under Portuguese domination in the 16th and early 17th centuries but was retaken by O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Arab Anti-zionism
At the time when the Zionist settlement of Palestine began, most of the Arab world was under the control either of the Ottoman Empire or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Un General Assembly Resolution 3379: Encyclopedia Ii - Un General Assembly Resolution 3379 - The Israeli Response
In his address to the United Nations General Assembly the same day, 10. November 1975, Israeli Ambassador Chaim Herzog stated: "I can poi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Arab Anti-zionism
At the time when the Zionist settlement of Palestine began, most of the Arab world was under the control either of the Ottoman Empire or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Khuzestan - Modernization And Persianization
Discrimination against the Arabic language in schools, media, and government would have been enough to incur the enmity of the Arabic-spe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heraclius: Encyclopedia Ii - Heraclius - The War Against The Arabs
Unfortunately for Heraclius' war-weary empire, and unknown to him at the time, Muhammad had only recently succeeded in unifying all the n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Futuh: Encyclopedia Ii - Futuh - Impact
The impact of the futūh conquests was immense, not least of all on the conquerors themselves, who incorporated many features of the adva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Background To Six-day War: Encyclopedia Ii - Background To Six-day War - Egypt And Jordan
Nasser's pan-Arabism had numerous supporters in Jordan (in spite of Hussein, who felt it threatened his authority); and so, on May 30, Jo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Star Of David: Encyclopedia Ii - Star Of David - Used By Arabs And Muslims
Professor Gershom Sholem theorizes that the "Star of David" originates in the writings of Aristotle, who used triangles in different posi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Foreign Relations Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - Foreign Relations Of Israel - Ties With Arab States
Most important are Israel's ties with Arab states. In addition to full diplomatic relations with Egypt, Jordan and Mauritania, Israel now...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham: Encyclopedia Ii - Abraham - Abraham In Islam
Abraham (called Ibrahim) is very important in Islam, both in his own right as prophet and as the father of the prophet Ismail (Ishmael), ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mark A. Gabriel: Encyclopedia Ii - Mark A. Gabriel - Controversy
Gabriel's former website, markagabriel.com, which appears to be no longer available, was run by Bradlee Sargent, an American-born compute...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Callinicum: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Callinicum - Battle
Belisarius' forces consisted of about 20,000 men and another 5,000 Ghassanid Arab allies, who had been marching down the road leading int...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Haganah: Encyclopedia Ii - Haganah - Origins
The predecessor of Haganah was Ha-Shomer (The Guild of Watchman) established in 1909. It was a small group of Jewish immigrants who guard...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jaffa Riots: Encyclopedia Ii - Jaffa Riots - The Events
On May 1, 1921, a scuffle began in Tel Aviv-Jaffa between rival groups of Jewish Bolsheviks, carrying Yiddish banners demanding Soviet Pa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Laval Quebec: Encyclopedia Ii - Laval Quebec - Demographics
The city is about 6% Anglophone, 73% Francophone and 20% Allophone. The city is 91% white who are mostly French, including smaller number...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dhulkarnayn: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Dhulkarnayn
Dhulkarnayn (Arabic) The two-horned one; title given by the Arabs to those conquerors, whether spiritual or material, who in their con...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Ghoul: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Ghoul
Ghoul (from Arabic ghul, ghuwal)   In popular Arabic lore a class of evil beings, haunting the mountains and woods and preying up...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Shaitan: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Shaitan
Shaitan [from Arab shaitan]   In the Koran an angel of high degree who was expelled from heaven because he refused to worship Ada...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - Religions
Before the coming of Islam, most Arabs followed a religion featuring the worship of a number of deities, including Hubal, Wadd, Al-Lat, M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - History
The first written attestation of the ethnonym "Arab" occurs in an Assyrian inscription of 853 BC, where Shalmaneser III lists a King Gind...   » Read the article