Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia - Arab
The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ʻarab) are a large and heterogenous ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa, originatin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabization: Encyclopedia - Arabization
Arabization is the gradual transformation of an area into one that speaks Arabic and is part of the Arab culture. It can also mean the re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - Who Is An Arab?
The definition of who an Arab is has several aspects: Ethnic identity: someone who considers himself to be an Arab (regardless of racial...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Diaspora: Encyclopedia - Arab Diaspora
Arab diaspora refers to the numbers of Arab immigrants, and their descendants, who voluntarily or as refugees emigrated from their native...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-arabism: Encyclopedia - Anti-arabism
Anti-Arabism is prejudice or hostility against Arabs. Anti-Arab sentiment may be expressed in negative stereotypes. This happens, in part...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab World: Encyclopedia - Arab World
The Arab world consists of twenty-three countries stretching from Western Sahara and Mauritania in the west to Oman in the east. They hav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Nationalism: Encyclopedia - Arab Nationalism
Arab nationalism refers to a common nationalist ideology in wider Arab world. Arab nationalism is a form of ethnic nationalism. It is a c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Socialism: Encyclopedia - Arab Socialism
Arab Socialism (ar. الاشتراكية العربية, al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Christians: Encyclopedia - Arab Christians
Arab Christians are people who are ethnically Arab and who follow the religion of Christianity. There are believed to be nearly 9 million...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Brazilian: Encyclopedia - Arab Brazilian
An Arab Brazilian is a Brazilian-born person of Middle-eastern descent. Immigration of Arabs to Brazil started in the late 1800's, most o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Name: Encyclopedia - Arabic Name
Old Arabic names are based on a very sophisticated naming system: most Arabs do not simply have first/middle/last names, but a full chain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Classical Arabic: Encyclopedia - Classical Arabic
Classical Arabic is the form of the Arabic language used in the Qur'an as well as in numerous literary texts from the same period. Modern...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Bayan: Encyclopedia - Arabic Bayan
Texts & Scriptures of the Bahá'í Faith The Arabic Bayan is a book written by the Báb around 1848. Its larger sister book is the P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Folklore: Encyclopedia - Arab Folklore
Arabian folklore has a long and colourful history. Most Arab folklore has been read over generations as The Arabian Nights. However, Arab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Poetry: Encyclopedia - Arabic Poetry
Arabic poetry is poetry composed and written down in the Arabic language either by Arab people or non-Arabs. Knowledge of poetry in Arabi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Numerals: Encyclopedia - Arabic Numerals
Arabic numerals is the term usually applied to the "Western" variant of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, commonly used in conjunction wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A'arab Zaraq: Encyclopedia - A'arab Zaraq
A'arab Zaraq is the Qliphah corresponding to the Sephirah Netzach on the Kabbalah's tree of life. It translates as 'The Ravens of Dispers...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Music: Encyclopedia - Arab Music
Arab music is the music of Arabic-speaking people or countries, especially those centered around the Arabian Peninsula.The world of Arab ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Alphabet: Encyclopedia - Arabic Alphabet
History · Adaptations Phonology · Transliteration Diacritics · Writing of the hamza Numerals · Numeration Middle Bronze Age 19-15th c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab League And The Arab-israeli Conflict: Encyclopedia - Arab League And The Arab-israeli Conflict
The League was established on March 22, 1945. When the League founding pact was signed in Cairo, Egypt, "[t]he Arab League states collect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Transliteration: Encyclopedia - Arabic Transliteration
History · Adaptations Phonology · Transliteration Diacritics · Writing of the hamza Numerals · Numeration Due to the fact that the Ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab League: Encyclopedia - Arab League
The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states - compare Arab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Academy Of The Arabic Language: Encyclopedia - Academy Of The Arabic Language
The Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية) is an academy in Cairo founded in 1934 in order to develop and re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabs And Anti-semitism: Encyclopedia - Arabs And Anti-semitism
Arab anti-Semitism is anti-Semitism (hostility towards or discrimination against Jews) in the Arab world. As the Arab-Israeli conflict ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Varieties Of Arabic: Encyclopedia - Varieties Of Arabic
The Arabic language is a Semitic language. It has many varieties. This entry looks at spoken varieties of Arabic, distinguishing them fro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar
Arabic is a Semitic language. See Arabic language for more information on the language in general. This article describes the grammar of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabs Of Khuzestan: Encyclopedia - Arabs Of Khuzestan
The Arabs of Khuzestan are the Arabic-speaking or Arab-descended inhabitants of what is now the Iranian province of Khuzestan. Before the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Cuisine: Encyclopedia - Arab Cuisine
Arab cuisine is the cuisine of the Arab countries. It is the traditional food eaten by the citizens of the Gulf Cooperation Council count...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Grammar
See Arabic grammar ... See also:Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-arabism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-arabism - Anti-arabism In Polls
In March 1990, according to a poll reported in Le Monde: 76% of those polled said that there were too many Arabs in France (46% said the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Name - Structure Of The Arab Name
Arabic name - Ism. The main name of an Arab person is the ism, his or her personal name. This could be for example Karim or Mahmud. Mos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Nationalism: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Nationalism - The Rise Of Arab Nationalism
The political orientation of Arab nationalists in the years prior to the First World War was generally moderate. Their demands were of a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Grammar
See Arabic grammar ... See also:Arabic language, Arabic language - Literary and Modern Standard Arabic, Arabic language - Arabic and I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - The Decline Of Arabic Literature
The expansion of the Arab people in the 7th and 8th century brought them into contact with a variety of different peoples who would affec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - Women In Arabic Literature
Whilst not playing a major part in Arabic literature women have had a continuing role. The earliest poetesses were al-Khansa and Layla al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab World: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab World - Geography
The Arab world stretches across more than eleven million square kilometers (four million square miles) of North Africa and the part of We...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Christians: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Christians - Arab Christians Today
The largest population of Arab Christians is found in Egypt, where they number over 4 million people, or 6% of the population. The vast m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Alphabet - Computers And The Arabic Alphabet
The Arabic alphabet can be encoded using several character sets, including ISO-8859-6 and Unicode, in the latter thanks to the "Arabic se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tunisian Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Tunisian Arabic - Morphology
There are significant differences in morphology between Tunisian and Standard Arabic. Standard Arabic marks 13 person/number/gender disti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Alphabet - Structure Of The Arabic Alphabet
The Arabic alphabet is written from right to left and is composed of 28 basic letters. Adaptations of the script for other languages such...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab World: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab World - States
The following entities (19 states and two territories) all use Arabic as their official state language and most of their inhabitants main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Alphabet - Numerals
There are two kinds of numerals used in Arabic writing; standard numerals and "East Arab" numerals, used in Iran, Pakistan and India. In ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tunisian Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Tunisian Arabic - Vocabulary
The most immediately apparent difference between Tunisian and standard Arabic is the extensive use of words borrowed from Italian, Spanis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tunisian Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Tunisian Arabic - Pronunciation
There are several differences in pronunciation between standard Arabic and Tunisian. Short Vowels are frequently omitted, especially wher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-arabism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-arabism - Terminology
Owing to the etymology of the term anti-Semitism, some argue that anti-Arabism, as well as miso-Judaism, constitutes anti-Semitism. To ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Dialects
See varieties of Arabic for main article "Colloquial Arabic" is a collective term for the spoken languages or dialects of people througho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Noun
Arabic grammar - State. The Arabic noun can take one of three states of definiteness: definite, indefinite or construct state. The defi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Verb
As in many other Semitic languages, Arabic verb formation is based on a (usually) triconsonantal root, which is not a word in itself but ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Numerals: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Numerals - History
Arabic numerals - Origins. Main article: History of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system Buddhist inscriptions from around 300 B.C. use th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Numerals: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Numerals - History
Arabic numerals - Origins. Main articles: History of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Dialects
See varieties of Arabic for main article "Colloquial Arabic" is a collective term for the spoken languages or dialects of people througho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Numerals: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Numerals - Description
The numeral system employed, known as Algorism, is positional decimal notation. Various symbol sets are used to represent numbers in the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Socialism: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Socialism - Ideology
To ‘Aflaq, Arab Socialism was a necessary consequence of the quest for Arab unity and freedom, as only a socialist system of property a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Numerals: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Numerals - Description
Main articles: Algorism and glyphs used with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system The numeral system employed, known as Algorism, is positiona...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Classical Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Classical Arabic - Phonology
There are three short vowels and three long vowels in Arabic, being A, I, and U in two different lengths each. There are as many constana...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Name - Structure Of The Arab Name
Arabic name - Ism. The main name of an Arab person is the ism, his or her personal name. This could be for example Karim or Mahmud. Mos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Etymology Of The Word Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Etymology Of The Word Arab - In Arabic
In the Qur'an, the word ʿarab does not appear, only the nisba adjective, ʿarabiyyun: The Qur'an is referring to itself as    » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Alphabet - History
The Arabic alphabet can be traced back to the Nabatean alphabet used to write the Nabataean dialect of Aramaic, itself descended from Pho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tunisian Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Tunisian Arabic - Dialects
The major distinction within Tunisian Arabic is that between sedentary (mainly urban) and Bedouin -origin (rural) dialects (see Sedentary...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Name - Example
Or, transliterated: abū karīm muhammadu-l-jamīl ibn nidāl ibn 'abdi-'azīzi-l-filastīnī This means, in translation: "Father-of-K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - History
Due to the rapid expansion of Islam in the 8th century, many people learned Arabic as a lingua franca. For this reason, the earliest gram...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Phonology
Classical Arabic has 28 consonantal phonemes (including two semi-vowels), originally corresponding to the 28 letters of the Arabic alphab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Literary And Modern Standard Arabic
The term "Arabic" may refer either to literary Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic or to the many localized varieties of Arabic commonly cal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab World: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab World - States
The following entities (19 states and two territories) all use Arabic as their official state language and most of their inhabitants main...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Alabama: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Alabama - Geography
Arab is located on top of Brindlee Mountain at 34°19'40" North, 86°29'55" West (34.327863, -86.498613)GR1. According to the U.S. Census...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Syntax
In Arabic, word order is less important than in English, and more stylistic then semantic. Verbs often start sentences and sometimes come...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israeli Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Israeli Arab - Introduction
Israeli Arabs, also referred to as Arab-Israelis, Arab citizens of Israel or Palestinian citizens of Israel, are Arabs who are citizens o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Christians: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Christians - Identity
Historically, a number of minority Christian sects that were persecuted as heretical under Byzantine rule (such as Monophysites) actually...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moroccan Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Moroccan Arabic - Vocabulary
Moroccan Arabic is grammatically simpler, and has a less voluminous vocabulary than Classical Arabic. It has also integrated many Berber,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab World: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab World - Geography
The Arab world stretches across more than eleven million square kilometers (four million square miles) of North Africa and the part of We...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moroccan Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Moroccan Arabic - Overview
According to linguistics classification, Moroccan Arabic is considered a dialect because it is not a literary language and because it lac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israeli Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Israeli Arab - Education
Improvement in education has also had significant benefits for the Arab community in Israel. The average number of years of education has...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moroccan Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Moroccan Arabic - Evolution
In general, Moroccan Arabic is one of the most innovative (in the technical sense of "least conservative") of all Arabic dialects. Nowada...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Literary And Modern Standard Arabic
The term "Arabic" may refer either to literary Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic or to the many localized varieties of Arabic commonly cal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Sounds
The phonemes below reflect the pronunciation of Standard Arabic. Arabic language - Vowels. Arabic has three vowels, with their long for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moroccan Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Moroccan Arabic - Pronunciation
Moroccan Arabic has a distinct pronunciation and is nearly unintelligible to other Arabic speakers apart, to a certain degree, from those...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israeli Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Israeli Arab - Trivia
In 1999, an Arab woman was named Miss Israel for the first time in the nation's history. "I am totally Israeli, and I do not think about ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab World: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab World - Language Politics And Religion
The Arabic language forms a unifying feature of the Arab world: though different areas use local dialects of Arabic, all share in the use...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israeli Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Israeli Arab - Health
Infant death rates per thousand live births decreased significantly during a 35-year (1961-1996) period. In the Muslim population, the ra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Christians: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Christians - History
Throughout many eras of history, Arab Christians have co-existed fairly peacefully with followers of the other religions of the Middle Ea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Sounds
The phonemes below reflect the pronunciation of Standard Arabic. Arabic language - Vowels. Arabic has three vowels, with their long for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Music: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Music - Genres
Arab music - Secular art music. Secular genres include maqam al-iraqi, andalusi nubah, muwashshah, Fjiri songs, qasidah, layali, mawwal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Nationalism: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Nationalism - Ba'thism
Arab nationalists generally rejected religion as a main element in political identity, and promoted the unity of Arabs regardless of sect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Israeli Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Israeli Arab - Discrimination
According to the 2004 U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for Israel and the occupied territories, the Israel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - Non-fiction Literature
Arabic literature - Compilations and manuals. In the late 9th century Ibn al-Nadim, a Baghdadi bookseller, compiled a crucial work in t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - Outside Views Of Arabic Literature
Literature in Arabic has been largely unknown outside the Islamic world. Arabic has frequently acted as a time capsule, preserving litera...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Alphabet - Arabic Alphabets Of Other Languages
Arabic script has been adopted for use in a wide variety of languages other than Arabic, including Persian, Kurdish, Malay and Urdu. Such...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Varieties Of Arabic: Encyclopedia Ii - Varieties Of Arabic - Post-islamic Or Post-arab Expansion
Western varieties: Maghreb Arabic Koines: Moroccan Arabic (ISO 639-3:ary) Algerian Arabic (ISO 639-3:arq , saharan: aao) Tunisian Arab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab Music: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab Music - History
Arab music - Early years. By the 11th century, Moorish Spain was a centre for the manufacture of instruments. These spread gradually th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - Modern Literature
A revival took place in Arabic literature during the 19th century along with much of Arabic culture and it is referred to in Arabic as al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Writing System
Main article: Arabic alphabet The Arabic alphabet derives from the Aramaic script (which variety - Nabataean or Syriac - is a matter of s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Name - Example
Or, transliterated: abū karīm muhammadu-l-jamīl ibn nidāl ibn 'abdi-'azīzi-l-filastīnī This means, in translation: "Father-of-K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Name: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Name - Westernization Of Arab Naming Practices
It must be noted that many Arabic countries have now adopted a Westernized way of naming. This is the case for example in Lebanon and Mag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - Noted Authors
Arabic literature - Poetry. Ahmad ibn-al-Husayn al-Mutanabbi, (915–965) Abu 'Afak Abu Tammam Abu Nuwas, (756–815) Al-Khansa Asma b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Literature - The Qur'an And Islam
The Qur'an had a significant influence of the Arab language. The language used in the Qur'an is called classical Arabic and while modern ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Language - Writing System
Main article: Arabic alphabet The Arabic alphabet derives from the Aramaic script (which variety - Nabataean or Syriac - is a matter of s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - Traditional Genealogy
Medieval Arab genealogists divided the Arabs into three groups: the "ancient Arabs", tribes that had been destroyed or vanished, such as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - Religions
Before the coming of Islam, most Arabs followed a religion featuring the worship of a number of deities, including Hubal, Wadd, Al-Lat, M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab - History
The first written attestation of the ethnonym "Arab" occurs in an Assyrian inscription of 853 BC, where Shalmaneser III lists a King Gind...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arab World: Encyclopedia Ii - Arab World - Language, Politics, And Religion
The Arabic language forms a unifying feature of the Arab world: though different areas use local dialects of Arabic, all share in the use...   » Read the article