Antonine Wall

Jade figurines wearing tartan hats were found in China, dating back to 3,500 BC or earlier. The Celts wore coats set with a pattern of checks close together and of varied colors, similar in fashion to the Scottish tartan. Tartan patterns have been used in Scottish weaving for centuries. A possible predecessor dating from the 3rd century found near the Antonine Wall and known as the "Falkirk sett" has a checked pattern in two colours identified as the undyed brown and white of the native Soay sheep. The fabric had been used as a stopper in an earthenware pot c ...

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Tartan, Tartan - Origins, Tartan - Clan tartans, Tartan - Other modern tartans

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British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period. Roman conquest of Britain (43) British military history - Mediæval period. Viking invasions (793–1066) Raid on Lindisfarne (793) Campaign of Alfred the Great (871–899) Battle of Edington (878) Battle of Cannington (878) Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066) Norman Conquest of England (1066) - last successful invasion of Engl ...

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British military history, British military history - List of British military encounters, British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period, British military history - Mediæval period, British military history - Early Colonial period, British military history - Colonial Period, British military history - Modern Period, British military history - 21st century, British military history - List of fortifications in Britain, British military history - Roman & ancient, British military history - Mediæval, British military history - 1600s, British military history - Georgian & Victorian, British military history - World War II Stop Lines, British military history - List of British military institutions, British military history - List of British military alliances, British military history - Scottish military alliances, British military history - English military alliances, British military history - British military alliances

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Vespasian took a force westwards subduing tribes and capturing oppida as he went, going as least as far as Exeter and probably reaching Bodmin. The Ninth Legion was sent north towards Lincoln and within four years of the invasion it is likely that an area south of a line from the Humber to the Severn Estuary was under Roman control. That this line is followed by the Roman road of the Fosse Way has led many historians to debate the route's role as a convenient frontier during the early occupation. It is more likely that the border between Roman and Iron Age ...

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Roman conquest of Britain, Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 55 BC, Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 54 BC, Roman conquest of Britain - Aborted invasions, Roman conquest of Britain - Aulus Plautius: AD 43, Roman conquest of Britain - The conquest continued, Roman conquest of Britain - Asclepiodotus : AD 296

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In 119, Hadrian relocated the legion to northern Britannia, to assist the already present legions in quelling the resistance there. Victrix was key in securing victory, and would eventually replace the diminished IX Hispania. In 122 the legion started work on Hadrian's Wall which would sustain the peace for two decades. Twenty years later, they helped building the Antonine Wall, but it was largely abandoned by 164. In 185, the British legions mutinied and put forward a commander of their own, named Priscus, to rep ...

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Legio VI Victrix, Legio VI Victrix - VI Victrix in Britain

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British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period. Roman conquest of Britain (43) British military history - Mediæval period. Viking invasions (793–1066) Raid on Lindisfarne (793) Campaign of Alfred the Great (871–899) Battle of Edington (878) Battle of Cannington (878) Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066) Norman Conquest of England (1066) - last successful invasion of the ...

See also:

British military history, British military history - List of British military encounters, British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period, British military history - Mediæval period, British military history - Early Colonial period, British military history - Colonial Period, British military history - Modern Period, British military history - 21st century, British military history - List of fortifications in Britain, British military history - Roman & ancient, British military history - Mediæval, British military history - 1600s, British military history - Georgian & Victorian, British military history - World War II Stop Lines, British military history - List of British military institutions, British military history - List of British military alliances, British military history - Scottish military alliances, British military history - English military alliances, British military history - British military alliances

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Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Gaelic kings: Domnall II to Alexander I. King Domnall II was the first man to have been called rí Alban (i.e. King of Alba), when he died at Dunnotar in 900.[15] This meant king of Britain or Scotland. All his predecessors bore the style of either King of the Picts or King of Fortriu. Such an apparent innovation in the Gaelic chronicles is occasionally taken ...

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Scotland in the High Middle Ages, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Historiography, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Origins of the Kingdom of Alba, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Kingdom of Alba or Scotia, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Gaelic kings: Domnall II to Alexander I, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Scoto-Norman kings: David I to Alexander III, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Other Kingdoms, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Geography, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Economy, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Demographics, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Society, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Law and government, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Military, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Christianity & the Church, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Saints, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Monasticism, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Ecclesia Scoticana, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Culture, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Outsiders view, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - National Identity, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Notes

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The collections of the museum distributed across a number of buildings around the campus: Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Hunterian Museum. Housed in large halls in George Gilbert Scott's University buildings on Gilmorehill, the museum features extensive displays relating to William Hunter and his collections, Roman Scotland (especially the Antonine Wall, geology, ethnography, ancient Egypt, scientific instruments, coins and medals, and ...

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Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The history of the museum, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The museum and gallery's current facilites, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Hunterian Museum, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Zoology Museum, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Hunterian Gallery, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Mackintosh House, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - Other Hunterian museums

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Conquests by Anglian invaders led to the establishment of the kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia. The first Anglian settlement was effected in 547 by Ida, who, accompanied by his six sons, pushed through the narrow strip of territory between the Cheviots and the sea, and set up a fortress at Bamburgh, which became the royal seat of the Bernician kings. About the end of the 6th century Bernicia was first united with the rival kingdom of Deira unde ...

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History of Northumberland, History of Northumberland - Ancient Northumberland, History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation, History of Northumberland - Northumbria and The Anglian Kingdoms, History of Northumberland - Monastic Culture, History of Northumberland - The Earldom of Northumbria, History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its Aftermath, History of Northumberland - Border Wars Reivers and Rebels, History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War, History of Northumberland - Industrial Development, History of Northumberland - 20th Century Politics and Culture

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At its simplest, a defensive wall consists of a wall enclosure and its gates. For the most part, the top of the walls were accessible, with the outside of the walls having tall parapets with embrasures or merlons. North of the Alps, this passageway at the top of the walls occasionally had a roof. In addition to this, many different enhancements were made over the course of the centuries: City ditch: a ditch dug in front of the walls, occasionally filled with water. Gate tower: a tower built next to, or on top of ...

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Defensive wall, Defensive wall - History, Defensive wall - Composition, Defensive wall - Decline, Defensive wall - Modern Era, Defensive wall - Africa, Defensive wall - Austria, Defensive wall - Azerbaijan, Defensive wall - Canada, Defensive wall - China, Defensive wall - Croatia, Defensive wall - France, Defensive wall - Germany, Defensive wall - Greece, Defensive wall - Hungary, Defensive wall - Israel, Defensive wall - Ireland, Defensive wall - Middle East, Defensive wall - Morocco and Western Sahara, Defensive wall - the Netherlands, Defensive wall - Philippines, Defensive wall - Poland, Defensive wall - Spain, Defensive wall - Sweden, Defensive wall - Turkey, Defensive wall - United Kingdom, Defensive wall - United States

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Glasgow did not escape the effects of the Great Depression. But the period after the second world war saw the greatest decline in its industrial base. Although ships and trains were still being built on Clydeside, cheap labour abroad reduced the competitiveness of Glasgow's industries. By the 1960s, Glasgow had gone into economic decline. The major shipbuilders on the Clyde began to close down, but not before Clydebank had built one of its last great ships, Cunard's 'Queen Elizabeth 2'. As of today, three major shipyards remain on the ...

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History of Glasgow, History of Glasgow - Founding of the city, History of Glasgow - Glasgow Cathedral, History of Glasgow - University of Glasgow, History of Glasgow - Trade and the Industrial Revolution, History of Glasgow - Decline of industry and the post-war period, History of Glasgow - Modern Glasgow

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Its history stretches to Roman times, with a settlement near the Antonine Wall. A rural population grew in the area where Cumbernauld's housing estates now stand, with the centrepoints being Cumbernauld House (once Cumbernauld Castle) and Cumbernauld Village nearby. A mining and quarrying industry flourished after the construction of the Forth and Clyde Canal, notably at Auchinstarry Quarry which is now a popular location for climbing and abseiling. After the creation of the new town, diverse industries such as high-tech, electronics, and chemical and food processing became large employers, along with the UK government tax ...

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Cumbernauld, Cumbernauld - History, Cumbernauld - Areas of Cumbernauld

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There is no historical source describing the decades that followed Agricola's recall. Even the name of his replacement is unknown. Archaeology has shown that some Roman forts south of the Forth-Clyde isthmus were rebuilt and enlarged, although others appear to have been abandoned. Roman coins and pottery are found circulating at native settlement sites in what are now the Scottish lowlands in the years before 100, indicating growing Romanisation. Around 105, however, a serious setback appears to have happened at the hands of the indig ...

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Roman Britain, Roman Britain - Early Roman contacts, Roman Britain - The Roman invasion, Roman Britain - Roman rule is established, Roman Britain - Occupation and retreat from southern Scotland, Roman Britain - Trade and industry, Roman Britain - The third century, Roman Britain - Government of Britannia, Roman Britain - The fourth century, Roman Britain - Town and country, Roman Britain - The end of Roman rule, Roman Britain - Religion, Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain, Roman Britain - The legacy

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Britannia remained the Latin name for Great Britain, but after the fall of the Roman Empire it had lost most symbolic meaning until the rise of British influence and later, the British Empire, which at the height of its power ruled a quarter of the world's people and a third of the world's landmass. As British power and influence rose in the 1700s, and after the unification of the Kingdoms of England (which included Wales) and Scotland in 1603 upon the death of Queen Elizabeth I and succession of her Scottish cousin, James VI of Scotland (or James I of England), Britannia became a more and more important symb ...

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Britannia, Britannia - Roman period, Britannia - British revival, Britannia - Namesakes

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British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period. Roman conquest of Britain (43) British military history - Mediæval period. Viking invasions (793–1066) Raid on Lindisfarne (793) Campaign of Alfred the Great (871–899) Battle of Edington (878) Battle of Cannington (878) Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066) Norman Conquest of England (1066) Rebellion of 1088 See also:

British military history, British military history - List of British military encounters, British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period, British military history - Mediæval period, British military history - Early Colonial period, British military history - Colonial Period, British military history - Modern Period, British military history - 21st century, British military history - List of fortifications in Britain, British military history - Roman & ancient, British military history - Mediæval, British military history - 1600s, British military history - Georgian & Victorian, British military history - World War II Stop Lines, British military history - List of British military institutions, British military history - List of British military alliances, British military history - Scottish military alliances, British military history - English military alliances, British military history - British military alliances

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At its simplest, a defensive wall consists of a wall enclosure and its gates. For the most part, the top of the walls were accessible, with the outside of the walls having tall parapets with embrasures or merlons. North of the Alps, this passegeway at the top of the walls even had a roof. Occasionally, instead of a passageway, loose rocks were placed on top of the wall - these warned the defenders when the assailants were trying to climb the walls. Examples of this can be found in the fortif ...

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Defensive wall, Defensive wall - History, Defensive wall - Composition, Defensive wall - Decline, Defensive wall - Modern Era, Defensive wall - Africa, Defensive wall - Austria, Defensive wall - Azerbaijan, Defensive wall - Canada, Defensive wall - China, Defensive wall - Croatia, Defensive wall - France, Defensive wall - Germany, Defensive wall - Greece, Defensive wall - Hungary, Defensive wall - Israel, Defensive wall - Ireland, Defensive wall - Middle East, Defensive wall - Morocco and Western Sahara, Defensive wall - the Netherlands, Defensive wall - Philippines, Defensive wall - Poland, Defensive wall - Spain, Defensive wall - Sweden, Defensive wall - Turkey, Defensive wall - United Kingdom, Defensive wall - United States

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Sod has occasionally been cut out in blocks to use as a building material, especially in grasslands where grass is plentiful and few other materials are available. For use as a building material, sods are cut out in regular block shapes and laid like brickwork, although for strength blocks of sod are usually much longer and wider than typical bricks. Common dimensions in nineteenth century US prairie states were 2 ft by 1 ft by 6 in (600 × 300 × 150 mm). Cutting sods for building may be done with a spade and axe, but f ...

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Sod, Sod - As a landscaping material, Sod - As a building material, Sod - Other meanings

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For more detail on this period see Prehistoric Scotland. People lived in Scotland for at least 8500 years before recorded history dealt with Britain. At times during the last interglacial period (130,000 – 70,000 BC) Europe had a climate warmer than today's, and early humans may have made their way to Scotland, though archaeologists have found no traces of this. Glaciers then scoured their way across most of Britain, and only after the ice ...

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History of Scotland, History of Scotland - Prehistoric settlement, History of Scotland - Roman invasion, History of Scotland - Post-Roman Scotland, History of Scotland - Rise of the Kingdom of Alba, History of Scotland - Anglo-Norman influence, History of Scotland - War with England, History of Scotland - Late Mediaeval events, History of Scotland - Mary Queen of Scots, History of Scotland - Protestant Reformation, History of Scotland - Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Puritan Commonwealth, History of Scotland - Bishops Wars, History of Scotland - Civil War in England and Scotland, History of Scotland - Cromwellian Occupation and Restoration, History of Scotland - The Glorious Revolution, History of Scotland - Scottish overseas colonies, History of Scotland - Union the Hanoverians and the Jacobites, History of Scotland - Industrial Revolution Clearance and Enlightenment, History of Scotland - 20th Century Scotland, History of Scotland - 21st Century Scotland

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In this period, the word Scot was not the word used by vast majority of Scots to describe themselves. This was in fact only the word they used to describe themselves to foreigners, amongst whom it was the most common word. The Scots called themselves Albanach or simply Gaidel. As with Scot, in the latter word, they used an ethnic term which connected them to the majority of the inhabitants of Ireland. As the author of De ...

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Scotland in the High Middle Ages, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Historiography, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Origins of the Kingdom of Alba, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Kingdom of Alba or Scotia, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Gaelic kings: Domnall II to Alexander I, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Scoto-Norman kings: David I to Alexander III, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Other Kingdoms, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Geography, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Economy, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Demographics, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Society, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Law and government, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Military, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Christianity & the Church, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Saints, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Monasticism, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Ecclesia Scoticana, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Culture, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Outsiders view, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - National Identity, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Notes

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The museum first opened in 1807, in a specially constructed building off the High Street, adjoining the original campus of the University. When the University moved west to its new site at Gilmorehill (to escape crowding and pollution in the city centre) the museum moved too. The money to build the museum, and the core of its original collections, came from the bequest of the Scottish anatomist and scientist William Hunter, who died in London in 1783. As well as his medical collections, which arose from his own work, Hunter collected ...

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Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The history of the museum, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The museum and gallery's current facilites, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Hunterian Museum, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Zoology Museum, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Hunterian Gallery, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - The Mackintosh House, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery - Other Hunterian museums

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Today Britannia lives on in British symbols and British patriotism such as: Britannia silver, a high-grade alloy of silver introduced in Britain in 1697. Britannia coins, a series of British gold bullion coins issued since 1987, which have nominal values of 100, 50, 25, and 10 pounds. Britannia Airways, a charter airline, recently renamed Thomsonfly. HMS Britannia, seven vessels of the Royal Navy. Britannia Royal Naval College, the Royal Navy's officer training college. ...

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Britannia, Britannia - Roman period, Britannia - British revival, Britannia - Namesakes

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The Irish thought of Scotland as a provincial place. Others thought of it as a outlandish or barbaric place. To the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II, Scotland was associated with having many lakes, to the Arabs, it was an uninhabited peninsula to the north of England. "Who would deny that the Scots are barbarians?" was a rhetorical question posed by the author of the De expugnatione Lyxbonensi (i.e. "On the Conquest of Lisbon").[76]See also:

Scotland in the High Middle Ages, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Historiography, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Origins of the Kingdom of Alba, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Kingdom of Alba or Scotia, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Gaelic kings: Domnall II to Alexander I, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Scoto-Norman kings: David I to Alexander III, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Other Kingdoms, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Geography, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Economy, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Demographics, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Society, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Law and government, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Military, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Christianity & the Church, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Saints, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Monasticism, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Ecclesia Scoticana, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Culture, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Outsiders view, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - National Identity, Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Notes

Read more here: » Scotland in the High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - Scotland in the High Middle Ages - Outsiders view