Antigonus II Gonatas (c. 319 BC—239 BC) was a powerful ruler who definitely established the Antigonid dynasty in Macedonia and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans. Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family. Antigonus Gonatas was born around 319 BC, probably in Gonnoi in Thessaly. He was related to the most powerful of the Diadochi (the generals of Alexander who divided the empire after his death in 323 BC). Antigonus's father was Demetrius Poliorcetes, who was the son of ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family Antigonus II Gonatas - Demetrius's general Antigonus II Gonatas - In the wilderness Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia
Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus Antigonus II Gonatas - The Chremonidean war Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Aratus
Antigonus II Gonatas - Death and Appraisal

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Alcibiades Cleiniou Scambonides (also Alkibiades) (ancient Greek: Αλκιβιαδες Κλεινιου Σκαμβωνιδες)¹ (c. 450 BC–404 BC) was an Athenian general and politician. Alcibiades - Life. Alcibiades was born in Athens, the son of Cleinias and Deinomache, who belonged to the family of the Alcmaeonidae. He was a near relative of Pericles, who, after the death of Cleinias at the Battle of Coronea (447 BC), became his guardian. Thus early deprived of his father's control, possessed of grea ...

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Alcibiades - Life Alcibiades - Sources about the life of Alcibiades Alcibiades - Notes

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Marcus Porcius Cato (Latin: M·PORCIVS·M·F·CATO) (234 BC - 149 BC), Roman statesman, surnamed "The Censor," Sapiens, Priscus, or Major (the Elder), to distinguish him from Cato the Younger (his great-grandson), was born at Tusculum. He came of an ancient plebeian family, noted for some military services, but not ennobled by the discharge of the higher civil offices. He was bred, after the manner of his Latin forefathers, to agriculture, to which he devoted himself when not engaged in military service. B ...

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2 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work. Catholics and Orthodox consider the work to be canonical and part of the Bible. Protestants and Jews, while not considering it to be Scripture, consider it useful as a historical supplement to 1 Maccabees, but reject most of the doctrinal innovations present in the work. Some Protestants include 2 Maccabees as part of the ...

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2 Maccabees - Author 2 Maccabees - Doctrine

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This entry incorporates text from the public domain Easton's Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897. Abomination in the Biblical sense of the word refers to: Every shepherd was "an abomination" unto the Egyptians (Genesis 46:34). This aversion to shepherds, such as the Hebrews, arose probably from the fact that Upper and Lower Egypt had formerly been held in oppressive subjection by the Hyksos (a tribe of nomad shepherds), who had only recently been expelled, and partly also perhaps from this other f ...

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List of places named after people - Australia. Queensland - Queen Victoria Tasmania - Abel Tasman Victoria - Queen Victoria List of places named after people - Brazil. Rondônia - Marshal Cândido Rondon Santa Catarina - Saint Catherine São Paulo - Saint Paul List of places named after people - Canada. Alberta - Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Vict ...

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List of places named after people, List of places named after people - Continents, List of places named after people - Countries, List of places named after people - Former countries, List of places named after people - Administrative divisions, List of places named after people - Australia, List of places named after people - Brazil, List of places named after people - Canada, List of places named after people - Chile, List of places named after people - Colombia, List of places named after people - France, List of places named after people - Mexico, List of places named after people - Namibia, List of places named after people - New Zealand/Aotearoa, List of places named after people - Norway, List of places named after people - Paraguay, List of places named after people - Romania, List of places named after people - United Kingdom, List of places named after people - United States, List of places named after people - Uruguay, List of places named after people - Towns and cities, List of places named after people - Brazil, List of places named after people - Czech Republic, List of places named after people - France, List of places named after people - Germany, List of places named after people - Kyrgyzstan, List of places named after people - Poland, List of places named after people - Turkmenistan, List of places named after people - Vietnam, List of places named after people - Airports, List of places named after people - Former airports, List of places named after people - List of places categorized by name of person

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Platonic philosophy told of The Form of the Good, also known as "Plato's god," that could be used to explain deeper levels of dualistic thinking (the inner mystery). The idea of religious narratives as literal truth could be discounted in this process. A variety of other esoteric stories were syncretised from pre-existing mythologies about vegetative/fertility deities, reinterpreting an original tale of a pagan deity to one a ...

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History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism, History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism - Osiris-Dionysus, History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism - Life death and rebirth, History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism - Rituals, History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism - Death, History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism - Other parallels, History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism - Mithras Sol Invictus, History of Christianity/Jesus pre-4th century Christianity and syncretism - Sources

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List of places named after people - Australia. Queensland - Queen Victoria Tasmania - Abel Tasman Victoria - Queen Victoria List of places named after people - Brazil. Rondônia - Marshal Cândido Rondon Santa Catarina - Saint Catherine São Paulo - Saint Paul List of places named after people - Canada. Alberta - Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Vict ...

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List of places named after people, List of places named after people - Continents, List of places named after people - Countries, List of places named after people - Former countries, List of places named after people - Administrative divisions, List of places named after people - Australia, List of places named after people - Brazil, List of places named after people - Canada, List of places named after people - Chile, List of places named after people - Colombia, List of places named after people - France, List of places named after people - Mexico, List of places named after people - Namibia, List of places named after people - New Zealand/Aotearoa, List of places named after people - Norway, List of places named after people - Papua New Guinea, List of places named after people - Paraguay, List of places named after people - Romania, List of places named after people - United Kingdom, List of places named after people - United States, List of places named after people - Uruguay, List of places named after people - Towns and cities, List of places named after people - Brazil, List of places named after people - Czech Republic, List of places named after people - France, List of places named after people - Germany, List of places named after people - Kyrgyzstan, List of places named after people - Poland, List of places named after people - Turkmenistan, List of places named after people - Vietnam, List of places named after people - Islands, List of places named after people - Airports, List of places named after people - Former airports, List of places named after people - List of places categorized by name of person

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This form of "first" name, except for familiar or friendly use, was relatively unimportant, and was not frequently used on its own. There are only a relative few praenomina that were commonly known in both the Republican and Imperial eras of Rome. Only a couple of the names, such as Marcus (as Mark) and Lucius (and its feminine form Lucia), along with Antonius (Anthony), survived into modern times. Many of the praenomina used by male citizens were abbreviated to one or two characters in writing or inscriptions; the more common ...

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Roman naming convention, Roman naming convention - Praenomen, Roman naming convention - Nomen gentile, Roman naming convention - Cognomen, Roman naming convention - Agnomen, Roman naming convention - Adoption, Roman naming convention - Foreign names, Roman naming convention - Female names, Roman naming convention - Additional elements and examples, Roman naming convention - Tribes, Roman naming convention - Sample analysis of a complete name

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The caltrop has been known since ancient times and was known to the Romans as tribulus or sometimes as Murex ferreus, the latter meaning 'jagged rock'. The late Roman writer Vegetius, in his work De Re Militari, wrote: The armed chariots used in war by Antiochus and Mithridates at first terrified the Romans, but they afterwards made a jest of them. As a chariot of this sort does not always meet with plain and level ground, the least obstruction stops it. And if one of the horses be either killed or ...

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Caltrop, Caltrop - History, Caltrop - Caltrop-like devices, Caltrop - Modern Uses, Caltrop - Labor activists, Caltrop - Environmental activists, Caltrop - Other usages

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Seleucus was the son of Antiochus, one of Philip's generals, and of Laodice. In 333 BC, as a young man of about twenty-three, he accompanied Alexander into Asia and won distinction in the Indian campaign of 326 BC. When the Macedonian empire was divided in 323 BC (the "Partition of Babylon"), Seleucus was given the office of chiliarch, which attached him closely to the regent Perdiccas. Subsequently, Seleucus had a hand in the murder o ...

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Seleucus I Nicator, Seleucus I Nicator - Early career & ascent to power, Seleucus I Nicator - Establishing the Seleucid state

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When Alexander the Great conquered the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent in 326 BCE, he allied with king Ambhi of Taxila (called Taxiles or Omphis in Greek sources), and with his support managed to subdue king Porus of Pauravas, a state of eastern Punjab, defeating him at the Battle of the Hydaspes River. Alexander thereafter established vassal states (satrapies), headed by the previous kings Ambhi and Porus, and founded several garrison towns. A Greek satrap named Philippus controlled a Macedonian occupation force. After his ass ...

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Mauryan Empire, Mauryan Empire - Birth of an Empire, Mauryan Empire - Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya, Mauryan Empire - Conquest of Magadha, Mauryan Empire - Building India's first empire, Mauryan Empire - Emperor Chandragupta, Mauryan Empire - Ashoka, Mauryan Empire - Administration, Mauryan Empire - Economy, Mauryan Empire - Religion, Mauryan Empire - Decline, Mauryan Empire - The Empire to modern Indians

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Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus. Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, Macedonia's Western neighbour, was a general of mercurial ability, widely renowned for his bravery, but he did not apply his talents sensibly and often snatched after vain hopes, so that Antigonus used to compare him to a dice player, who had excellent throws, but did not know how to use them. When the Gauls defeated Ptolemy Ceraunus and the Macedonian throne became vacant, Pyrrhus was occupied in his campaigns overseas. Hoping to conquer ...

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Antigonus II Gonatas, Antigonus II Gonatas - Birth and family, Antigonus II Gonatas - Demetrius's general, Antigonus II Gonatas - In the wilderness, Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Pyrrhus, Antigonus II Gonatas - The Chremonidean war, Antigonus II Gonatas - Antigonus against Aratus, Antigonus II Gonatas - Death and Appraisal

Read more here: » Antigonus II Gonatas: Encyclopedia II - Antigonus II Gonatas - King of Macedonia

Alcibiades was born in Athens, the son of Cleinias and Deinomache, who belonged to the family of the Alcmaeonidae. He was a near relative of Pericles, who, after the death of Cleinias at the Battle of Coronea (447 BC), became his guardian. Thus early deprived of his father's control, possessed of great personal beauty and the heir to great wealth, which was increased by his marriage, he showed himself self-willed, capricious and passionate, and indulged in the most insolent behaviour. Nor did the instructors of his early manhood supply the c ...

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Alcibiades, Alcibiades - Life, Alcibiades - Sources about the life of Alcibiades, Alcibiades - Notes

Read more here: » Alcibiades: Encyclopedia II - Alcibiades - Life

Diadochi - First War of the Diadochi 322-320 BC. Soon, however, conflict broke out. Perdiccas's marriage to Alexander's sister Cleopatra led Antipater, Craterus, Antigonus, and Ptolemy to join together in rebellion. The actual outbreak of war was triggered by Ptolemy's theft of Alexander's body, and diversion of it to Egypt. Although Eumenes defeated the rebels in Asia Minor, in a battle at which Craterus was killed, it was all for nought, as Perdiccas himself was murdered by his own generals Peithon, S ...

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Diadochi, Diadochi - Death of Alexander 323 BC, Diadochi - Revolt in Greece 323-322 BC, Diadochi - Wars of the Diadochi 322-301 BC, Diadochi - First War of the Diadochi 322-320 BC, Diadochi - Second War of the Diadochi 319-315 BC, Diadochi - Third War of the Diadochi 314-311 BC, Diadochi - Fourth War of the Diadochi 308-301 BC, Diadochi - The Struggle over Macedon 298-285 BC, Diadochi - The Struggle of Lysimachus and Seleucus 285-281 BC, Diadochi - The Gallic Invasions and Consolidation 280 - 275, Diadochi - Other historical uses as a title, Diadochi - Aulic rank title, Diadochi - Modern revival

Read more here: » Diadochi: Encyclopedia II - Diadochi - Wars of the Diadochi 322-301 BC

The author of 2 Maccabees is not identified, but he claims to be abridging a 5-volume work by Jason of Cyrene. This longer work is not preserved, and it is uncertain how much of the present text of 2 Maccabees is simply copied from that work. The author wrote in Greek, apparently, as there is no particular evidence of an earlier Hebrew version. A few sections of the book, such as the Preface, Epilogue, and some reflections on morality are generally assumed to come from the author, not from Jason. Jason's work was apparently written sometime around 160 BC and most likely ended with the defeat of Nicanor, as ...

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2 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees - Author, 2 Maccabees - Doctrine

Read more here: » 2 Maccabees: Encyclopedia II - 2 Maccabees - Author

The reign of Ashoka was followed for 50 years by a succession of weaker kings. Brhadrata, the last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty, ruled territories that had shrunk considerably from the time of emperor Ashoka, but he was still upholding the Buddhist faith. He was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade by the commander-in-chief of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then took over the ...

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Mauryan Empire, Mauryan Empire - Birth of an Empire, Mauryan Empire - Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya, Mauryan Empire - Conquest of Magadha, Mauryan Empire - Building India's first empire, Mauryan Empire - Emperor Chandragupta, Mauryan Empire - Ashoka, Mauryan Empire - Administration, Mauryan Empire - Economy, Mauryan Empire - Religion, Mauryan Empire - Decline, Mauryan Empire - The Empire to modern Indians

Read more here: » Mauryan Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mauryan Empire - Decline

The third name, or cognomen, began as a nickname or personal name that distinguished individuals within the same Gens (the cognomen does not appear in official documents until around 100 BC). During the Roman Republic and Empire, the cognomen is inherited from father to son, serving to distinguish a family within a Gens. Often the cognomen was chosen based on some physical or personality trait, sometimes with ironic results: Julius Caesar's cognomen meant hairy (but see etymology of the name of Julius Caesar), while he was balding, and Tacitus's cognomen me ...

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Roman naming convention, Roman naming convention - Praenomen, Roman naming convention - Nomen gentile, Roman naming convention - Cognomen, Roman naming convention - Agnomen, Roman naming convention - Adoption, Roman naming convention - Foreign names, Roman naming convention - Female names, Roman naming convention - Additional elements and examples, Roman naming convention - Tribes, Roman naming convention - Sample analysis of a complete name

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Emperor Chandragupta Maurya became the first major Indian monarch to initiate a religious transformation at the highest level when he embraced Jainism, a religious movement resented by orthodox Hindu priests that usually attended the imperial court. At an older age, Chandragupta renounced his throne and material possessions to join a wandering group of Jain monks. However his successor, Emperor Bindusara preserved Hindu traditions and distance ...

See also:

Mauryan Empire, Mauryan Empire - Birth of an Empire, Mauryan Empire - Chanakya and Chandragupta Maurya, Mauryan Empire - Conquest of Magadha, Mauryan Empire - Building India's first empire, Mauryan Empire - Emperor Chandragupta, Mauryan Empire - Ashoka, Mauryan Empire - Administration, Mauryan Empire - Economy, Mauryan Empire - Religion, Mauryan Empire - Decline, Mauryan Empire - The Empire to modern Indians

Read more here: » Mauryan Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mauryan Empire - Religion