antimatter

Interstellar travel designs fall into two categories. The first, which we will call slow interstellar travel, takes a great deal of time, longer than a human lifespan. The second, which we will call fast interstellar travel assumes that the difficulties above can be conquered. Interstellar travel - Slow interstellar travel. Slow interstellar travel designs generally use near future spacecraft propulsion techniques. As a result, voyages are extremely long, hundreds or thousands of years. Voyag ...

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Interstellar travel, Interstellar travel - The difficulty of interstellar travel, Interstellar travel - Interstellar distances, Interstellar travel - Speculative interstellar travel, Interstellar travel - Slow interstellar travel, Interstellar travel - Fast interstellar travel, Interstellar travel - Light-speed interstellar travel, Interstellar travel - NASA research, Interstellar travel - Further resources

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A number of problems have arisen within the Big Bang theory throughout its history. Some of them are mainly of historical interest today, and have been avoided either through modifications to the theory or as the result of better observations. Other issues, such as the cuspy halo problem and the dwarf galaxy problem of cold dark matter, are not considered to be fatal as they can be addressed through refinements of the theory. There are a small number of proponents of non-standard cosmologies who doubt that there was a Big Bang at all. ...

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Big Bang, Big Bang - History, Big Bang - Overview, Big Bang - Theoretical underpinnings, Big Bang - Observational evidence, Big Bang - Hubble's law expansion, Big Bang - Cosmic microwave background radiation, Big Bang - Abundance of primordial elements, Big Bang - Galactic evolution and distribution, Big Bang - Features issues and problems, Big Bang - Horizon problem, Big Bang - Flatness problem, Big Bang - Magnetic monopoles, Big Bang - Baryon asymmetry, Big Bang - Globular cluster age, Big Bang - Dark matter, Big Bang - Dark energy, Big Bang - The future according to the Big Bang theory, Big Bang - Speculative physics beyond the Big Bang, Big Bang - Philosophical and religious interpretations

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Nanjing University has been at the forefront of developments in teaching and research in China. It was the first institution in the country to adopt student-centred teaching methods. It was the first co-educational Chinese university. It was the first Chinese university to provide doctoral education. It has been a pioneer in many fields in China, such as literature, art, history, philosophy, religion, sociology, biology, astronomy, physics, ge ...

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Nanjing University, Nanjing University - History, Nanjing University - Faculties, Nanjing University - Campus, Nanjing University - International Exchanges, Nanjing University - Notable alumni

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On stardate 41697.9, the USS Enterprise is on course to Sarona VIII for much needed shore leave. Captain Picard has already begun his recreation in the ship's gymnasium practicing fencing with Lt. Dean. He and Dean spar against each other, however, Dean has the upper hand and lands a few deadly marks against Picard at every turn. Picard admits he's a little out of practice. Picard finally manages to score a mark against Dean. Dean asks him what sort of technique Picard used, to which Picard replies, "...the technique of a desperate ...

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We'll Always Have Paris TNG episode, We'll Always Have Paris TNG episode - Plot Summary, We'll Always Have Paris TNG episode - Trivia

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CP is the product of two symmetries: C for charge conjugation, which transforms a particle into its antiparticle, and P for parity, which creates the mirror image of a physical system. The strong interaction and electromagnetic interaction are invariant under the CP transformation operation, but this symmetry is slightly violated during certain types of weak decay. Historically, CP-symmetry was proposed to restore order after the ...

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CP-violation, CP-violation - What is CP?, CP-violation - CP Violation, CP-violation - CP Violation and the Existence of the Universe

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Some ufologists have argued that an alien craft crashed near Roswell and that several alien bodies were also recovered. However, skeptics and the United States Air Force have offered a number of other more earthly explanations. Roswell UFO incident - Conventional theories. Under pressure from a Congressional General Accounting Office (GAO) investigation initiated by New Mexico Congressmen Steven Schiff, the Air Force in 1994/95 presented evidence that the crash was actually that of a lost P ...

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Roswell UFO incident, Roswell UFO incident - Overview: The story as reported in 1947 and the controversy, Roswell UFO incident - Incident, Roswell UFO incident - Press releases and news, Roswell UFO incident - Inconsistent accounts and cover stories, Roswell UFO incident - Later stories of strange debris, Roswell UFO incident - General Ramey's Roswell telegram, Roswell UFO incident - Decline of interest, Roswell UFO incident - Renewed interest, Roswell UFO incident - Lydia Sleppy and Jesse Marcel interview, Roswell UFO incident - Brigadier General Arthur Exon testimony, Roswell UFO incident - Brigadier General Thomas J. Dubose report, Roswell UFO incident - Other witnesses, Roswell UFO incident - Skeptics' views, Roswell UFO incident - Similar incidents, Roswell UFO incident - Theories and Analysis, Roswell UFO incident - Conventional theories, Roswell UFO incident - The Alien Autopsy film, Roswell UFO incident - UFO Crash theories, Roswell UFO incident - Recent developments, Roswell UFO incident - Cultural Influence and Trivia, Roswell UFO incident - Roswell International UFO Museum, Roswell UFO incident - Secret FBI teletype, Roswell UFO incident - Excerpts from newspaper account of Brazel's find, Roswell UFO incident - Sources generally pro-UFO explanations, Roswell UFO incident - Books for further reading debunkery, Roswell UFO incident - 1947 newspaper articles and press bulletins

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Science-fiction writers have devised many methods of destroying a planet; blasting it with a specially designed laser weapon, launching nuclear missiles at the surface until the radiation and heat sterilises the planet, or through the use of exotic energy weapons not covered by present-day physics. The defining criterion is that the weapon must at least destroy the planet's entire ecosystem and render the planet uninhabitable afterwards; a more thorough tactic is to physically demolish the planet itself. Genre writers, being ever-creative to one-up each other's worst atrocity machines, have crea ...

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Planet killer, Planet killer - To kill a planet, Planet killer - To blow a planet up, Planet killer - To render a planet uninhabitable, Planet killer - Famous planet killers, Planet killer - Babylon 5, Planet killer - Gundam, Planet killer - Halo, Planet killer - Lexx, Planet killer - Stargate SG-1, Planet killer - Star Trek, Planet killer - Star Wars, Planet killer - Warhammer 40000, Planet killer - Various computer games, Planet killer - Various films television and radio programmes, Planet killer - Various novels and written sources

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In the Original Series, according to Gene Roddenberry and his Trek episode writer's guide, warp factors were supposedly converted to multiples of light speed with the cubic function s(w) = w3c. With that being said, that means the table for the Original Series warp speed is as follows: However, this cannot possibly be the whole story, as it would make the Enterprise far too slow for the voyages depicted in the television series. These speeds do not even ...

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Warp drive Star Trek, Warp drive Star Trek - Fictional Warp history, Warp drive Star Trek - Warp velocities, Warp drive Star Trek - Warp theory and technology, Warp drive Star Trek - Warp and the environment, Warp drive Star Trek - Is a nonfictional warp drive possible?

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Atom - Subatomic particles. see main article subatomic particles Up until 1961, the subatomic particles were thought to consist of only protons, neutrons and electrons. However, protons and neutrons themselves are now known to consist of varieties of a still smaller particle called the quark, and the electron is considered a type of lepton. Therefore in modern atomic theory, the two basic constituents of matter are the lepton and the quark of which the above three particles of the atom ...

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Atom, Atom - Properties of the atom, Atom - Subatomic particles, Atom - Atomic forces, Atom - Atom size and speed, Atom - Elements isotopes and ions, Atom - Valence and bonding, Atom - Atomic spectrum, Atom - Atoms and antimatter, Atom - Atoms and the Big Bang, Atom - History of atomic theory, Atom - Study of atoms

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Alfvén's model of plasma cosmology can be divided into three distinct areas. The cosmic plasma, an empirical description of the Universe based on the results from laboratory experiments on plasmas Force free filaments, a proposed mechanism for the formation of large scale structure in the universe. ambiplasma theory, based on a hypothetical matter/antimatter plasma.

Plasma cosmology, Plasma cosmology - Overview, Plasma cosmology - Alfvén's model, Plasma cosmology - Cosmic Plasma, Plasma cosmology - Force free filaments, Plasma cosmology - Ambiplasma, Plasma cosmology - Features and problems, Plasma cosmology - Formation of structure, Plasma cosmology - Light elements abundance, Plasma cosmology - Microwave background, Plasma cosmology - Redshifts, Plasma cosmology - Future, Plasma cosmology - Figures in plasma cosmology, Plasma cosmology - Footnotes, Plasma cosmology - Links and references, Plasma cosmology - Books

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Antiparticle - Experiment. In 1932, soon after the prediction of positrons by Dirac, Carl D. Anderson found that cosmic-ray collisions produced these particles in a cloud chamber— a particle detector in which moving electrons (or positrons) leave behind trails as they move through the gas. The electric charge-to-mass ratio of a particle can be measured by observing the curling of its cloud-chamber track in a magnetic field. Originally, positrons, because of the direction that their paths curled, were mistaken for electro ...

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Antiparticle, Antiparticle - History, Antiparticle - Experiment, Antiparticle - Hole theory, Antiparticle - Particle-antiparticle annihilation, Antiparticle - Properties of antiparticles, Antiparticle - Quantum field theory, Antiparticle - The Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation

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The development of new and improved types of ammunition requires a continuous program of research and development. Adoption of an explosive for a particular use is based upon both proving ground and service tests. Before these tests, however, preliminary estimates of the characteristics of the explosive are made. The principles of thermochemistry are applied for this process. Thermochemistry is concerned with the changes in internal energy, principally as heat, in chemical reactions. An explosion consists of a series of reactions, hig ...

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Explosive material, Explosive material - Chemical explosives, Explosive material - Explosive compatibility groupings, Explosive material - Low Explosives, Explosive material - High Explosives, Explosive material - Composition of the material, Explosive material - Chemical explosive reaction, Explosive material - Formation of gases, Explosive material - Evolution of heat, Explosive material - Rapidity of reaction, Explosive material - Initiation of reaction, Explosive material - Sensitiser, Explosive material - Military explosives, Explosive material - Availability and cost, Explosive material - Sensitivity, Explosive material - Stability, Explosive material - Power, Explosive material - Brisance, Explosive material - Density, Explosive material - Volatility, Explosive material - Hygroscopicity, Explosive material - Toxicity, Explosive material - Measurement of chemical explosive reaction, Explosive material - Oxygen balance OB%, Explosive material - Heat of explosion, Explosive material - Balancing chemical explosion equations, Explosive material - Volume of products of explosion, Explosive material - Explosive strength, Explosive material - Example of thermochemical calculations

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Most inhabitants of the Multiverse are completely unaware of the other universes. The first character to cross the gap between them was Barry Allen, the Flash of Earth-One, who accidentally vibrated at just the right speed to appear on Earth-Two, where he met Jay Garrick, his Earth-Two counterpart. Other characters with super-speed powers have been able to duplicate the trick, but it has not been done routinely. Magic and technological devices have done the job as well. The Justice League of America's "transmatter" device (ordinarily ...

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Multiverse DC Comics, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-One, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-Two, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-Three, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-Four, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-Six, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-Seven, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-Twelve, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-A, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-B, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-C, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-C-Minus, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-D, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-S, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-X, Multiverse DC Comics - Earth-Prime, Multiverse DC Comics - Other Earths, Multiverse DC Comics - Contact between universes, Multiverse DC Comics - Crisis on Infinite Earths, Multiverse DC Comics - Post-Crisis, Multiverse DC Comics - Infinite Crisis, Multiverse DC Comics - Representations in other media, Multiverse DC Comics - External link

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There are many elements in Angels and Demons that are similar to elements in Brown's other books Angels and Demons - Common to two books. These elements are common between The Da Vinci Code and Angels & Demons Main character Langdon is teamed with a beautiful, highly intelligent woman who is the daughter of the murder victim. The prominent assassin of the book (the Hassassin in Angels and Demons and Silas in The Da Vinci Code) commits the murders ...

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Angels and Demons, Angels and Demons - Main characters, Angels and Demons - Plot, Angels and Demons - Similarities to Brown's other books, Angels and Demons - Common to two books, Angels and Demons - Elements that are common to all four of Brown's books, Angels and Demons - Facts and mythology behind the book, Angels and Demons - The Altars of Science, Angels and Demons - Factual inaccuracies, Angels and Demons - The All Seeing Eye

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The smaller accelerators are located on the main Meyrin site (also known as the West Area), which was originally built in Switzerland alongside the French border but has since been extended to span the border. The French side is under Swiss jurisdiction and so there is no obvious border within the site, apart from a line of marker stones. There are six entrances to the Meyrin site: A, in Switzerland. Open for all CERN personnel at specific times. B, in Switzerland. Open for all CERN personnel 24/7. Often r ...

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CERN, CERN - The acronym, CERN - The accelerator complex, CERN - Scientific Achievements, CERN - The accelerator of the future: the LHC, CERN - Decommissioned accelerators, CERN - CERN sites, CERN - Computer Science and CERN, CERN - Member States, CERN - Public exhibits, CERN - In Fiction

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Approximately three hours before the visible light from SN 1987A reached the Earth, a burst of neutrinos was observed at three separate neutrino observatories (Kamiokande II, IMB and Baksan). It is widely thought that this is due to the neutrino emission preceding the emission of visible light, and that the neutrinos did not actually outrace the light. At 7:35am Universal time, Kamiokande II detected 11 neutrinos, IMB 8 neutrinos and Baksan 5 neutrinos, in a burst lasting less than 13 seconds. Although the actual neutrino count was only 24, ...

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SN 1987A, SN 1987A - Neutrino emissions, SN 1987A - Precursor, SN 1987A - Scientific studies

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Livewires - Backstory. Project Livewire was founded by S.H.I.E.L.D. as a means of testing the next generation S.H.I.E.L.D. android. These androids are based on the long standing S.H.I.E.L.D. android the Life Model Decoy, and the LMD successor the Mannite. The androids of Project Livewire combine the super-human abilities of the Mannites with the human appearance of the Life Model Decoys. Most of the work for Project Livewire was done by David Jenkins, the assistant chief designer of the project. In total ten androids were created for Project Livewire. By the beginning of the limited ser ...

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Livewires, Livewires - Characters, Livewires - Plot synopsis, Livewires - Backstory, Livewires - Issue one: See These Eyes So Red, Livewires - Issue two: Clockwork Thugs Yo, Livewires - Issue three: Mammillian Verisimilitude, Livewires - Issues four to six: Battle With The White Whale, Livewires - Final pages of issue six: The Aftermath, Livewires - Gallery, Livewires - Bibliography

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A superluminal signal is sent to Earth, carrying with it an unusual energy blob that seems intent on capturing the Third Doctor. In the meantime, the homeworld of the Time Lords is under siege, with all the power sustaining it being drained through a black hole. Trapped and desperate, the Time Lords do the unthinkable and break the First Law of Time, allowing the Doctor to aid himself by summoning hi ...

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The Three Doctors, The Three Doctors - Synopsis, The Three Doctors - Plot, The Three Doctors - Cast, The Three Doctors - Notes

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E=mc² applies to all objects with mass, as it is a statement that mass is derived from energy, or energy from mass, and it is possible to convert between the two. Its applicability to moving objects depends on the definition of mass used in the equation. Usually, this equation applies to an object that is not moving as seen from a reference point for which the object is not moving. But this same object can be moving from the standpoint of an other frame of reference, so th ...

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E=mc², E=mc² - Meanings of the formula, E=mc² - Implications, E=mc² - Background and consequences, E=mc² - Applicability of the equation, E=mc² - Using relativistic mass, E=mc² - Using rest mass, E=mc² - Low energy approximation, E=mc² - Einstein and his 1905 paper, E=mc² - Contributions of others, E=mc² - Television biography

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The Dirac Sea provides a mechanism for time-travel in Geoffrey A. Landis' Nebula Award-winning short story "Ripples in the Dirac Sea". It also appears in the sci-fi anime Neon Genesis Evangelion - noted for its high-quality technobabble - as an expanding void that sucks up matter during the attack of the 12th Angel, Leliel, in episode 16. It is mentioned again in episode 17 as a possible reason for the mysterious disappearance of NERV's Nevada branch. The Dirac Sea is also used as an energy source for A-POT weapons in The Fleet series o ...

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Dirac sea, Dirac sea - In fiction

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The ATLAS detector consists of a series of ever-larger concentric cylinders around the interaction point where the proton beams from the LHC collide. It can be divided into four major parts: the Inner Detector, the calorimeters, the muon spectrometer and the magnet systems. Each of these is in turn made of multiple layers. The detectors are complementary: the Inner Detector tracks particles precisely, the calorimeters measure the energy of easily stopped particles, and the muon system makes additional measurements of highly penetrating muons. The two magnet systems bend charged particles in the Inner Detector and the muon spect ...

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ATLAS experiment, ATLAS experiment - Background, ATLAS experiment - Physics program, ATLAS experiment - Components, ATLAS experiment - Inner Detector, ATLAS experiment - Calorimeters, ATLAS experiment - Muon spectrometer, ATLAS experiment - Magnet system, ATLAS experiment - Data systems and analysis

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Deus ex machina - Literature and comics. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, the kidnapping of Hamlet, alone, by pirates in order to escape his orchestrated death in England is in large part an example of deus ex machina, only toward the climax of the play. A Series of Unfortunate Events, particularly The Vile Village, references a deus ex machina, particularly when referring to the Self Sustaining Hot Air Mobile Home. In the Edgar Allan Poe story The Pit and the Pendu ...

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Deus ex machina, Deus ex machina - Deus ex machina in fiction works, Deus ex machina - Literature and comics, Deus ex machina - Cinema and television, Deus ex machina - Video Games, Deus ex machina - Music

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