antimatter

Time Lord - On screen. Details of the Time Lords' history within the show are sketchy and as is usual for Doctor Who continuity, fraught with supposition and contradiction. What little has actually been established on screen, arranged roughly in chronological order, is as follows. The Time Lords became the masters of time travel when one of their number, the scientist Omega created an energy source to power their experiments in time (The Three Doctors). To this end, Omega used a stellar manip ...

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Time Lord, Time Lord - Overview, Time Lord - Physical characteristics, Time Lord - Culture and society, Time Lord - Technology, Time Lord - History within the show, Time Lord - On screen, Time Lord - Spin-off media, Time Lord - Recent history, Time Lord - Partial list of Time Lords appearing in Doctor Who, Time Lord - The Doctor, Time Lord - Time Lords in the television series, Time Lord - Time Lords from spin-off media

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Thomas Pynchon - Childhood and early career. Thomas Pynchon was born in Glen Cove, Long Island, New York to Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, Sr. and Katherine Frances Bennett Pynchon. Pynchon graduated from Oyster Bay High School in 1953. He attended the Engineering Physics division at Cornell University, but left at the end of his second year to join the US Navy. He returned to Cornell in 1957 to pursue a degree in English. His first short story, "A Small Rain", was published in the Cornell Writer in May, 1 ...

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Thomas Pynchon, Thomas Pynchon - Biography, Thomas Pynchon - Childhood and early career, Thomas Pynchon - Rise to prominence, Thomas Pynchon - Media aversion and mystique, Thomas Pynchon - Recurring themes, Thomas Pynchon - Hoaxes and rumors, Thomas Pynchon - Works

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Some ufologists have argued that an alien craft crashed near Roswell and that several alien bodies were also recovered. However, skeptics and the United States Air Force have offered a number of other more earthly explanations. Roswell UFO incident - Conventional theories. Under pressure from a Congressional General Accounting Office (GAO) investigation initiated by New Mexico Congressmen Steven Schiff, the Air Force in 1994/95 presented evidence that the crash was actually that of a lost P ...

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Roswell UFO incident, Roswell UFO incident - Overview: The story as reported in 1947 and the controversy, Roswell UFO incident - Incident, Roswell UFO incident - Press releases and news, Roswell UFO incident - Inconsistent accounts and cover stories, Roswell UFO incident - Later stories of strange debris, Roswell UFO incident - General Ramey's Roswell telegram, Roswell UFO incident - Decline of interest, Roswell UFO incident - Renewed interest, Roswell UFO incident - Lydia Sleppy and Jesse Marcel interview, Roswell UFO incident - Brigadeer General Arthur Exon testimony, Roswell UFO incident - Brigadier General Thomas J. Dubose report, Roswell UFO incident - Other witnesses, Roswell UFO incident - Skeptics' views, Roswell UFO incident - Similar incidents, Roswell UFO incident - Theories and Analysis, Roswell UFO incident - Conventional theories, Roswell UFO incident - The Alien Autopsy film, Roswell UFO incident - UFO Crash theories, Roswell UFO incident - Recent developments, Roswell UFO incident - Cultural Influence and Trivia, Roswell UFO incident - International UFO Museum, Roswell UFO incident - Sources generally pro-UFO explanations, Roswell UFO incident - 1947 newspaper articles and press bulletins, Roswell UFO incident - Books for further reading debunkery, Roswell UFO incident - Secret FBI teletype, Roswell UFO incident - Excerpts from newspaper account of Brazel's find

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Over 99.9% of the mass of neutral antimatter is accounted for by antiprotons and antineutrons. Their annihilation with protons and neutrons is a complicated process. A proton-antiproton pair can annihilate into a number of charged and neutral relativistic pions. Neutral pions, in turn, decay almost immediately into gamma rays; charged pions travel a few tens of meters and then decay further into muons and neutrinos. Finally, the muons decay into electrons and more neutrinos. Most of the energy (about 60%) is thus carried away by neutrinos, which ha ...

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Antimatter weapon, Antimatter weapon - Effects of antimatter detonation, Antimatter weapon - Antimatter catalyzed weapons

Read more here: » Antimatter weapon: Encyclopedia II - Antimatter weapon - Effects of antimatter detonation

The Planck Epoch covers the time from 10-43 to 10-35 seconds after the Big Bang. The temperature during this epoch is estimated to decrease from 1032 K to 1027 K. 10-43 seconds A length of 10-43 seconds is known as Planck time. At this point, the force of gravity separated from the other three forces, collectively known as the electronuclear force. A complete theory of quantum gravity such as superstring theory is needed to understand these very earl ...

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Timeline of the Big Bang, Timeline of the Big Bang - Introduction, Timeline of the Big Bang - Overview, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Big Bang and matter formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Primordial Age - from 0 years to 379000 years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Planck Epoch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Galaxy and star formation, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Stelliferous Age - from 10⁶ to 10¹⁴ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Near-term future of the Universe - three different scenarios, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario A: The Big Rip, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario B: The Heat death of the Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - Scenario C: The Big Crunch, Timeline of the Big Bang - Long-term future for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Degenerate Age - from 10¹⁴ to 10⁴⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Black Hole Age - from 10⁴⁰ years to 10¹⁰⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - Ultimate fate for a long-lived Universe, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Dark Age - from 10¹⁰⁰ years until 10¹⁵⁰ years, Timeline of the Big Bang - The Photon Age - from 10¹⁵⁰ years until the Distant Future

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At around 7:15 AM, Tungus natives and Russian settlers in the hills northwest of Lake Baikal observed a column of bluish light, nearly as bright as the Sun, moving across the sky. About 10 minutes later, there was a flash and a loud "knocking" sound similar to artillery fire that went in short bursts spaced increasingly wider apart. Eyewitnesses closer to the explosion reported the sound source moving during each barrage East to North. The sounds were accompanied by a shock wave that knocked people off their feet and broke windows hundreds o ...

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Tunguska event, Tunguska event - Description, Tunguska event - Select Eyewitness Reports, Tunguska event - History, Tunguska event - Earth Impactor hypothesis, Tunguska event - Meteor airburst, Tunguska event - Blast patterns, Tunguska event - Asteroid or comet?, Tunguska event - Unexplained phenomena, Tunguska event - Speculative hypotheses, Tunguska event - Black Hole, Tunguska event - Antimatter, Tunguska event - Electromagnetism, Tunguska event - UFOs, Tunguska event - The Wardenclyffe Tower, Tunguska event - Tunguska event in fiction, Tunguska event - Tunguska event in music, Tunguska event - Books on Tunguska

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A total conversion, in the computer gaming sense, is a mod (short for "modification") of an existing game that replaces 100% of the artistic assets in the original game, as well as a good deal of the gameplay. Many games provide players with the ability to edit the game's many elements, for example levels, sounds, enemies or weapons. Most modifications are limited in scope, resulting in a partial conversion. Total conversions are much less common, mainly due to the large amount of development and man-time needed to bring a whole proje ...

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Total conversion, Total conversion - In computer games, Total conversion - In science

Read more here: » Total conversion: Encyclopedia II - Total conversion - In computer games

Atom - Subatomic particles. see main article subatomic particles Up until 1961, the subatomic particles were thought to consist of only protons, neutrons and electrons. However, protons and neutrons themselves are now known to consist of varieties of a still smaller particle called the quark, and the electron is considered a type of lepton. Therefore in modern atomic theory, the two basic constituents of matter are the lepton and the quark of which the above three particles of the atom ...

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Atom, Atom - Properties of the atom, Atom - Subatomic particles, Atom - Atomic forces, Atom - Atom size and speed, Atom - Elements isotopes and ions, Atom - Valence and bonding, Atom - Atomic spectrum, Atom - Atoms and antimatter, Atom - Atoms and the Big Bang, Atom - History of atomic theory, Atom - Philosophical atomism, Atom - Birth of modern atomic theory, Atom - Discovery of subatomic particles, Atom - Study of atomic structure, Atom - Study of atoms

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Entering service in 2363, the Enterprise (or Enterprise-D, to distinguish it from numerous prior starships with the same name) served for eight years as the flagship of the Federation Starfleet until its untimely destruction in 2371. Throughout its mission, it was primarily under the command of Captain Jean-Luc Picard; however, Commander William Riker and Captain Edward Jellico briefly commanded the ship during its tenure. As the third Galaxy class ship, after the prototype starship USS Galaxy and US ...

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USS Enterprise NCC-1701-D, USS Enterprise NCC-1701-D - Fictional history, USS Enterprise NCC-1701-D - Design notes, USS Enterprise NCC-1701-D - External link

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The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Samual Aleksandrovich. The commanding officer of the Confederation Navy, Admiral Aleksandrovich is in command of the military response to the possession crisis. A realist, he understands that military force is fundamentally unable to deal with such a problem. He is reluctant to agree to support the attempt to reclaim Ombey from the possessed for this reason, but agrees to the mission because he recognises the political necessity of securing a victory against the possessed for the purposes of public morale.See also:

The Night's Dawn Trilogy, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Humanity in the 27th century, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Adamist culture, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Edenist culture, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Timeline leading up to the trilogy, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Technology, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Blackhawk, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Combat wasps, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Cosmonik, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Fission blade, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Medical nanonics, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Molecular binding force generator, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Neural nanonics, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - The Neutronium Alchemist, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Voidhawk, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Zero-tau pod, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - ZTT drive, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Characters of the trilogy, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Samual Aleksandrovich, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Joshua Calvert, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Liol Calvert, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Al Capone, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Dariat, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Quinn Dexter, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Andre Duchamp, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Ashly Hanson, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Ralph Hilch, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Louise Kavanagh, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Laton, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Dr. Alkad Mzu, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Rubra, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Ione Saldana, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Gerald Skibbow, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Marie Skibbow, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Syrinx, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Wing-Tsit Chong, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Planets, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Atlantis, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Avon, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Earth, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Garissa, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Golomo, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Jobis, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Jupiter, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Kulu, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Kursk, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Lalonde, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Mars, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Mastrit-PJ, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Mirchusko, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - New California, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Ngeuni, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Norfolk, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Nyvan, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Ombey, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Omuta, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Oshanko, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Saturn, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Yosemite, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Habitats, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Tranquillity, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Valisk, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Eden, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Pallas, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Perseus, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Remus, The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Romulus

Read more here: » The Night's Dawn Trilogy: Encyclopedia II - The Night's Dawn Trilogy - Characters of the trilogy

The "Ringworld" is an artificial ring about one million miles wide and approximately the diameter of Earth's orbit (which makes it about 600 million miles in circumference), centered about a star, and rotating to provide an Earthlike artificial gravity, with a habitable flat inner surface equivalent in area to approximately three million Earth-sized planets. Walls 1000 miles tall along the edges keep in the atmosphere. The Ringworld could be regarded as a thin slice of a Dyson sphere, with which it shares a number of characteristics. Niven himself thinks of the Ringworld as "an in ...

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Ringworld, Ringworld - The story, Ringworld - Concepts, Ringworld - Ringworld engineering, Ringworld - Trivia, Ringworld - Sequels and adaptations

Read more here: » Ringworld: Encyclopedia II - Ringworld - Ringworld engineering

Cosmic Era technology - Anti-Beam Coating. Anti-beam coating is a material that can be applied to the surface of objects to make them resistant to beam weaponry. Nearly all mobile suit shields have anti-beam coating applied to the outer face, allowing them to withstand numerous hits by beam rifles and blades, and even provide some protection against a warship's large beam cannons, but anti-beam coating wears down over time because of constant attacks of beam and physical attacks, so mobile suit shields hav ...

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Cosmic Era technology, Cosmic Era technology - Mobile Suit Technology, Cosmic Era technology - G Project, Cosmic Era technology - DRAGOON System, Cosmic Era technology - Deuterion Beam Energy Transfer System, Cosmic Era technology - Colloid Particles, Cosmic Era technology - Mirage Colloid, Cosmic Era technology - Mirage Colloid stealth system, Cosmic Era technology - Geschmeidig Panzer, Cosmic Era technology - Mirage Colloid Virus Spreader, Cosmic Era technology - Wings of Light, Cosmic Era technology - Offensive Technology, Cosmic Era technology - Phonon Maser, Cosmic Era technology - Positron Blaster Cannon, Cosmic Era technology - Gungnir System, Cosmic Era technology - Defensive Technology, Cosmic Era technology - Anti-Beam Coating, Cosmic Era technology - Anti-Beam Depth Charge, Cosmic Era technology - Laminated Armor, Cosmic Era technology - Phase Shift Armor, Cosmic Era technology - Lightwave Barrier, Cosmic Era technology - Positron Deflector, Cosmic Era technology - Scale System

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Photon torpedoes are most useful for combat while ships are engaged in warp speed travel, as phasers, which are confined to the speed of light, are not generally usable. The Starfleet Technical Manual does list a number of ways a phaser can be used at greater-than-light speeds, though, as several television episodes have violated the prior "rule." Starfleet, the military/exploratory arm of Federation, uses a number of different versions of the photon torpedo with various guided, un-guided, and high-speed versions. The Mark IV and Mark V torpedoes are micro torpedoes that are used aboard small sh ...

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Photon torpedo, Photon torpedo - Background, Photon torpedo - Photon torpedo specifications, Photon torpedo - Photon torpedo physics

Read more here: » Photon torpedo: Encyclopedia II - Photon torpedo - Background

The USS Voyager is passing through Devore space, where telepathy is illegal and telepaths are sent to relocation centers. Devore warships are far larger and more powerful than Voyager, so the ship is subject to frequent inspections to check for telepaths. As the episode opens, one of these inspections, complete with rough treatment of the crew and their equipment, is underway. The lead Devore inspector, Kashyk, takes up residence in Janeway's ready room. He also plays Mahler's first symphony throughout the ship to "relax ...

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Counterpoint Voyager episode, Counterpoint Voyager episode - Plot summary, Counterpoint Voyager episode - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Counterpoint Voyager episode: Encyclopedia II - Counterpoint Voyager episode - Plot summary

The Galor class is a group of starships used by the Cardassian Union. Galor class destroyers have a low profile, are long and narrow and are usually painted in a burnt orange color. The ship has a special raised semicircular 'head' at the front, containing the bridge and command section; this head contains one yellow impulse engine. The navigational deflector dish and forward disruptor cannon occupy the bow; the deflector color may vary from blue to yellow or orange. Two additional impulse engines, various disruptor cannons and two wa ...

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Cardassian starships, Cardassian starships - Galor class, Cardassian starships - Known Galor class destroyers, Cardassian starships - Hideki class, Cardassian starships - Statistics, Cardassian starships - Keldon class, Cardassian starships - Dreadnought, Cardassian starships - Freighter

Read more here: » Cardassian starships: Encyclopedia II - Cardassian starships - Galor class

Physically, Puppeteers resemble a centaur with three legs ending in hooved feet and two snake-like heads instead of a humanoid upper body. The heads are very small, with a forked tongue, extensive rubbery lips, rimmed with finger-like knobs, and a single eye per head. The heads do not contain the Puppeteer's brain; it resides near the shoulder in a massive mane-covered hump from which the heads emerge. The sobriquet "Pierson's" comes from the name of the human who made first contact in the early 26th century in the Known Space timeline. Acco ...

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Pierson's Puppeteer, Pierson's Puppeteer - Biology and sociology, Pierson's Puppeteer - Politics and relations with other species, Pierson's Puppeteer - General Products, Pierson's Puppeteer - Foreign policy, Pierson's Puppeteer - Homeworld — The Fleet of Worlds

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The most famous use of the positron in fiction was Isaac Asimov's use in his robots' positronic brains. It is likely that he chose to use positrons because they were relatively newly-discovered when he was first writing about the robots. Perhaps in an homage to Asimov, in the Star Trek universe the android Data, his "brother" Lore, "daughter" Lal, and other sundry related androids also have positronic brains. In Hideaki Anno's Neon Genesis Evangelion, the positron rifle, based upon the ATHENA tests in Europe, is used ...

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Positron, Positron - The positron in fiction

Read more here: » Positron: Encyclopedia II - Positron - The positron in fiction

"Modern Physical Ideas" The development of physical science over the last twenty years has revealed phenomena which illustrate clearly the principles and method of the preceding chapters. The Newtonian scheme of dynamics has been shown to be an approximation valid only for gross matter and our gross senses. There is reasonable ground for supposing that an electro-magnetic scheme of the constitution of matter will prove far more comprehensive. But there are outstanding difficulties, notably that gravitation has so far defied all effort ...

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The Grammar of Science, The Grammar of Science - Chapter I, The Grammar of Science - Chapter II, The Grammar of Science - Chapter III, The Grammar of Science - Chapter IV, The Grammar of Science - Chapter V, The Grammar of Science - Chapter VI, The Grammar of Science - Chapter VII, The Grammar of Science - Chapter VIII, The Grammar of Science - Chapter IX, The Grammar of Science - Chapter X, The Grammar of Science - Editions in print

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An important point is that there must be at least two photons produced if photons are produced, since photons are massless particles. This means that their 4-momenta have a norm of zero. However, if there are two photons moving in different directions, their 4-momenta are added before taking the norm, so one ends up with a positive net 4-momentum. This 4-momentum must be the same as the 4-momentum of the colliding electr ...

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Electron-positron annihilation, Electron-positron annihilation - Photon pair production

Read more here: » Electron-positron annihilation: Encyclopedia II - Electron-positron annihilation - Photon pair production

The Standard Model contains both fermionic and bosonic fundamental particles. Fermions are particles which possess half-integer spin and obey the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no fermions can share the same quantum state. Bosons possess integer spin and do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Informally speaking, fermions are particles of matter and bosons are particles that transmit forces. For a detailed description of the differences between fermion ...

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Standard Model, Standard Model - The Standard Model, Standard Model - Table, Standard Model - Tests and predictions, Standard Model - Challenges to the Standard Model

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Despite the lack of observational evidence for proton decay, some grand unification theories require it. According to some such theories, the proton would have a half-life of 1036 years, and would decay into a positron and a pion that itself immediately decays into photons in the range of gamma radiation. p → e+π0 Though this process has not been observed experimentally, it is within the realm of experimental testability for future planned very larg ...

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Proton decay, Proton decay - Experimental evidence, Proton decay - Theoretical motivation, Proton decay - Dimension-6 proton decay operators, Proton decay - Dimension-5 proton decay operators, Proton decay - Dimension-4 proton decay operators, Proton decay - Sphaleron-mediated proton decay

Read more here: » Proton decay: Encyclopedia II - Proton decay - Theoretical motivation

In both versions of the Crime Syndicate, its members are: Ultraman: the counterpart of Superman. Pre-Crisis, Ultraman came from a Krypton that hadn't exploded, and for whom kryptonite only increased his superpowers, rather than draining them. Post-Crisis, Ultraman was a human astronaut (Commander Clark Kent) given Anti-Kryptonite-based superpowers after an encounter with aliens. If he is separated from Anti-Kryptonite long enough, his powers fade away; Ultraman combats this by inserting Anti-Kryptonite capsules under his skin wh ...

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Crime Syndicate of America, Crime Syndicate of America - The Original Crime Syndicate, Crime Syndicate of America - The Modern Crime Syndicate, Crime Syndicate of America - Members, Crime Syndicate of America - Similar groups in other media

Read more here: » Crime Syndicate of America: Encyclopedia II - Crime Syndicate of America - Members