Encyclopedia - Antihistamine: Encyclopedia - Antihistamine
An antihistamine is a drug which serves to reduce or eliminate effects mediated by histamine, an endogenous chemical mediator released du...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antihistamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Antihistamine - Other Agents
Antihistamine - Inhibitors of histamine release. These agents appear to stabilise the mast cells to prevent degranulation and mediator ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antihistamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Antihistamine - Clinical Use Of Antihistamines
Antihistamine - Indications. H1-antihistamines are clinically used in the treatment of histamine-mediated allergic conditions. Specific...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antihistamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Antihistamine - Pharmacology
In allergic reactions an allergen (a type of antigen) interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antihistamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Antihistamine - First-generation H1-receptor Antagonists
These are the oldest antihistaminergic drugs and are relatively inexpensive and widely available. They are effective in the relief of all...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antihistamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Antihistamine - Second-generation H1-receptor Antagonists
These are newer drugs that are much more selective for peripheral H1 receptors in preference to the central nervous system histaminergic ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clemastine: Encyclopedia - Clemastine
Clemastine is an over-the-counter antihistamine sold in the United States under the name Tavist. Although it is not a non-sedating antihi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diphenhydramine: Encyclopedia - Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine 2-(Diphenylmethoxy) -N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride. Antihistaminic Motion sickness Sedative Tardive dyskinesia ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorphenamine: Encyclopedia - Chlorphenamine
Chlorphenamine Chlorphenamine (INN) or chlorpheniramine (USAN, former BAN), commonly marketed as its salt chlorphenamine maleate (CPM; C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antihistamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Antihistamine - Third-generation H1-receptor Antagonists
These are the active enantiomer (levocetirizine, desloratadine) or metabolite (fexofenadine) derivatives of second-generation drugs inten...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hypnotic: Encyclopedia - Hypnotic
Hypnotic drugs are a class of drugs that induce sleep, used in the treatment of severe insomnia. These drugs include barbiturates, benzod...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antipruritic: Encyclopedia - Antipruritic
Antipruritic is a drug which reduces pruritis, or itching. Most anti-pruritic drugs are antihistamines or mint-like substances such as me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemosis: Encyclopedia - Chemosis
Chemosis is defined as the swelling of the conjunctiva. It is usually caused by allergies or viral infection. Antihistamines are used for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brompheniramine: Encyclopedia - Brompheniramine
Brompheniramine Brompheniramine is an antihistaminergic medication of the propylamine class. It is commonly available over the counter a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antiemetic: Encyclopedia - Antiemetic
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Deliriant: Encyclopedia Ii - Deliriant - Pharmacological Classes Of Deliriants And Their General Subjective Effects
Entries marked with a # are naturally occurring. Deliriant - Tropanes. Atropine # Scopolamine # Hyoscyamine # 3-quinuclidinyl benzilat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Histamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Histamine - Sleep Regulation
Histamine is released as a neurotransmitter. The cell bodies of neurons which release histamine are found in the posterior hypothalamus, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Promethazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Promethazine - General Remarks And Pharmacology
Promethazine (sold as Phenergan and Promethegan) is a first-generation H1 receptor antagonist (antihistamine) and anti-nausea medication ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carcinoid Syndrome: Encyclopedia Ii - Carcinoid Syndrome - Treatment
For symptomatic relief of carcinoid sydrome: Octreotide (somatostatin analogue- neutralizes serotonin and decreases urinary 5-HIAA) Meth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Morning Sickness: Encyclopedia Ii - Morning Sickness - Treatments
Treatments for morning sickness typically aim to lessen the symptoms of nausea, rather than attacking the root cause(s) of the nausea. Tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atc Code N04: Encyclopedia Ii - Atc Code N04 - N04a Anticholinergic Agents
ATC code N04 - N04AA Tertiary amines. N04AA01 Trihexyphenidyl N04AA02 Biperiden N04AA03 Metixene N04AA04 Procyclidine N04AA05 Profenam...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atc Code M03: Encyclopedia Ii - Atc Code M03 - M03a Muscle Relaxants Peripherally Acting Agents
ATC code M03 - M03AA Curare alkaloids. M03AA01 Alcuronium M03AA02 Tubocurarine M03AA04 Dimethyltubocurarine ATC code M03 - M03AB Cho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atc Code M03: Encyclopedia Ii - Atc Code M03 - M03b Muscle Relaxants Centrally Acting Agents
ATC code M03 - M03BA Carbamic acid esters. M03BA01 Phenprobamate M03BA02 Carisoprodol M03BA03 Methocarbamol M03BA04 Styramate M03BA05 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Histamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Histamine - Storage And Release
Most tissue histamine is found in granules in mast cells or basophils. Mast cells are especially numerous at sites of potential injury - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Histamine: Encyclopedia Ii - Histamine - Histamine Disorder Effects
Histapenia (deficiency of histamine) and histadelia (abundance of histamine) can cause both neurological and physical disorders. Histapen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analgesic: Encyclopedia Ii - Analgesic - Specific Forms And Uses
Analgesic - Combinations. Analgesics are frequently used in combination, such as the paracetamol and codeine preparations found in many...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan - Safety
Most over-the-counter cough medicines contain other drugs besides dextromethorphan and can be quite dangerous when taken in high doses. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pentobarbital: Encyclopedia Ii - Pentobarbital - Drug Interactions
Administration of alcohol, opioids, antihistamines, other sedative-hypnotics, and other central nervous system depressants will additivel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nyquil: Encyclopedia Ii - Nyquil - Ingredients
NyQuil's active ingredients are: Acetaminophen (pain reliever/fever reducer) Dextromethorphan (cough suppressant) Doxylamine succinate (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Angioedema: Encyclopedia Ii - Angioedema - Therapy
In allergic angioedema, avoidance of the allergen and use of antihistamines may prevent future attacks. Cetirizine, marketed as Zyrtec, i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - Interactions
Chlorpromazine intensifies the central depressive action of drugs with such activity (tranquilizers, barbiturates, narcotics, antihistami...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conjunctivitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Conjunctivitis - Treatment And Management
Conjunctivitis sometimes requires medical attention. The appropriate treatment depends on the cause of the problem. For the allergic type...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anaphylaxis: Encyclopedia Ii - Anaphylaxis - Treatment
Paramedic treatment in the field may include injection with epinephrine, administration of oxygen therapy and, if necessary, intubation d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - Interactions
Chlorpromazine intensifies the central depressive action of drugs with such activity (tranquilizers, barbiturates, narcotics, antihistami...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fasciculation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fasciculation - Causes And Risk Factors
Fasciculation - Conditions. The most common cause of persistent fasciculations is benign fasciculation syndrome. Werdnig-Hoffman disea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cimetidine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cimetidine - History And Development
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H2-receptor antagonist from which the later members of the class were developed. Cimetidine was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conjunctivitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Conjunctivitis - Treatment And Management
Conjunctivitis sometimes requires medical attention. The appropriate treatment depends on the cause of the problem. For the allergic type...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hay Fever: Encyclopedia Ii - Hay Fever - Treatment
The goal of treatment is to reduce allergy symptoms caused by the inflammation of affected tissues. The best "treatment" is to avoid what...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - H₂-receptor Antagonist: Encyclopedia Ii - H₂-receptor Antagonist - History And Development
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H2-receptor antagonist from which the later members of the class were developed. Cimetidine was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hyposensitization: Encyclopedia Ii - Hyposensitization - Procedure
Small hypodermic syringes are used to inject commercial allergen extracts. Injections are normally given into the loose tissue over the b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mast Cell: Encyclopedia Ii - Mast Cell - Role In Disease
Mast cell - Allergic disease. Many forms of cutaneous and mucosal allergy are mediated for a large part by mast cells; they play a cent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mastocytosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Mastocytosis - Treatment
There is currently no cure for mastocytosis. However, there are a number of medicines to help treat the symptoms of mastocytosis: Antihi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tension Headache: Encyclopedia Ii - Tension Headache - Treatment
Episodic tension headaches generally respond well to over-the-counter analgesics, such as paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin. The effect o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Toxidrome: Encyclopedia Ii - Toxidrome - Anticholinergic Toxidrome
The symptoms of an anticholinergic toxidrome include blurred vision, choreoathetosis, coma, decreased bowel sounds, delirium, dilated pup...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mastocytoma: Encyclopedia Ii - Mastocytoma - Treatment And Prognosis
Removal of the mast cell tumor through surgery is the treatment of choice. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine are given prior to surg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sleep: Encyclopedia Ii - Sleep - Drugs And Sleep
Sleep - Sleep aiding. The pharmacological approach to inducing sleep involves the use of depressant drugs [4], formerly barbiturates, b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmacology: Encyclopedia - Pharmacology
Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how chemical s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analgesic: Encyclopedia - Analgesic
An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain and to achieve analgesia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia - Vitamin C
Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient essential for life, used by the human body for many purposes. It is one of a number of such key nut...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vasomotor Rhinitis: Encyclopedia - Vasomotor Rhinitis
Vasomotor rhinitis is a form of rhinitis that is not related to allergic reactions, but which is characterized by many of the same sympto...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tylenol: Encyclopedia - Tylenol
Tylenol (paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen) is a popular American brand of pain reliever and fever reducer, sold by Johnson & ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmacology: Encyclopedia - Pharmacology
Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how chemical s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adverse Effect Medicine: Encyclopedia - Adverse Effect Medicine
Adverse effect, in medicine, is an abnormal, harmful, undesired and/or unintended consequences, although not necessarily unexpected, whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine was the first antipsychotic drug, used during the 1950s and 1960s. Used as chlorpromazine hydrochloride an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis: Encyclopedia - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis
Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (also Toxicodendron dermatitis and Rhus dermatitis) is the medical name given to allergic rashes prod...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analgesic: Encyclopedia - Analgesic
An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain and to achieve analgesia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia Ii - Vitamin C - Discovery And History
The need to include fresh plant food or raw animal flesh in the diet to prevent disease was known from ancient times. Native peoples livi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan - History
In 1958 the FDA approved the use of dextromethorphan as an antitussive, in response to the rampant recreational use of, and addiction to,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - List Of Genericized Trademarks
The following list comprises those marks which were originally created and used as trademarks, and which may continue in use and be acti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis - Mechanism
Chemically, urushiol is harmless to humans, but when the chemical becomes bonded to skin cells it initiates a T-cell mediated immune resp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vasomotor Rhinitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Vasomotor Rhinitis - Causes
Vasomotor rhinitis is also known as non-allergenic rhinitis, because it often has the same symptoms as allergies, but has different cause...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmacology: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmacology - Types Of Medication
Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system. Upper digestive tract: antacids, reflux suppressants, antiflatulent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - Mechanism Of Action
Chlorpromazine - Central. Chlorpromazine acts as an antagonist (blocking agent) on different postsysnaptic receptors -on dopaminergic-r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analgesic: Encyclopedia Ii - Analgesic - The Major Classes
Analgesic - Paracetamol and NSAIDs. The exact mechanism of action of paracetamol is uncertain, but it appears to be acting centrally. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Encyclopedia Ii - Common Variable Immunodeficiency - Causes And Types
CVID's underlying causes are different, but the result of these are that the patient doesn't produce sufficient antibodies in response to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adverse Effect Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - Adverse Effect Medicine - Reporting Systems
In many countries, adverse effects are required by law to be reported, researched in clinical trials and included into the patient inform...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Meclizine: Encyclopedia Ii - Meclizine - Risks Of Use
Meclizine - Drowsiness. Drowsiness may result as a side effect of taking Meclizine. While the effects are less than Dramamine, users ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia Ii - Vitamin C - Daily Requirement
There is a continuing debate within the scientific community over the optimum amount of vitamin C for humans.2 Vitamin C - The Recommend...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - European Union
Since 2003 the European Union has actively sought to restrict the use of geographical indications by third parties outside the EU. Althou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia Ii - Vitamin C - Vitamin C Deficiency
Lack of ascorbic acid in the daily diet leads to a disease called scurvy, a form of avitaminosis that is characterized by: loose teeth s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia Ii - Vitamin C - Food Preparation
It is important to choose a suitable method of food preparation that conserves vitamin C content. When cooking vegetables, one should see...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - Legal Concepts
Whether or not a mark is popularly identified as genericized, the owner of the mark may still be able to enforce the proprietary rights w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia Ii - Vitamin C - Advocacy Arguments
Since its discovery Vitamin C has been considered a universal panacea by some, although this led to suspicions of it being overhyped by o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Encyclopedia Ii - Common Variable Immunodeficiency - Symptomology
Symptoms of CVID are: hypogammglobulinaemia, or low levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) many patients have low levels of immunoglobulin A (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis - Prevention
Common-sense measures to avoid skin irritation include avoiding contact with the plants, staying out of dense brush, wearing long clothes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Encyclopedia Ii - Common Variable Immunodeficiency - Treatment
Treatment usually consists of immunoglobulin therapy, either intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), subcutaneous immunoglobulin G (SCIG) or (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Meclizine: Encyclopedia Ii - Meclizine - Uses
Meclizine - Motion Sickness. Meclizine is effective in inhibiting the symptoms of motion sickness, such as nausea, vomiting, and dizzin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Urushiol-induced Contact Dermatitis - First Aid
Immediately wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Folk wisdom includes contradictory advice about whether to wash with cold o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia Ii - Vitamin C - Therapeutic Uses
Vitamin C is needed in the diet to prevent scurvy. From its ready availability in pure form in the 1930s however some practitioners exper...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adverse Effect Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - Adverse Effect Medicine - Adverse Effects Of Medical Procedures
Surgery, of course, may have a number of undesirable or harmful after effects, such as infection, hemorrhage, inflammation, scarring, los...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - Uses
Chlorpromazine - Common uses. The use of chlorpromazine has been primarily replaced by newer generation of atypical antipsychotics whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - Dosage
Dosage : In any case, use as determined by physician. The following information is intended to serve as a guideline: A wide range is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmacology: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmacology - Scientific Background
The study of medicinal chemicals requires intimate knowledge of the biological system affected. With the knowledge of cell biology and bi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - Legal Concepts
Whether or not a mark is popularly identified as genericized, the owner of the mark may still be able to enforce the proprietary rights w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - Cancer Risk Carcinogenecity
On chlorpromazine treatment the body produces more prolactin than normal in both sexes. As prolactin stimulates the proliferation of brea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - Side Effects
Side effects of chlorpromazine or typical of early generation neuroleptics. They include extrapyramidal side-effects such as tardive dysk...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adverse Effect Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - Adverse Effect Medicine - Adverse Effects Of Drugs
Adverse effects can occur as a collateral or side effect of many interventions, but they are particularly important in pharmacology, due ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adverse Effect Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - Adverse Effect Medicine - Controversies
Sometimes, putative medical adverse effects are regarded as controversial and generate heated discussions in society and lawsuits against...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chlorpromazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Chlorpromazine - History
The drug had been developed by Laboratoires Rhône-Poulenc in 1950 but they had sold the rights in 1952 to Smith-Kline & French. The ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - European Union
Since 2003 the European Union has actively sought to restrict the use of geographical indications by third parties outside the EU. Althou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - List Of Generic Trademarks
The following list comprises those marks which were originally created and used as trademarks, but which have subsequently become entire...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan - Dangers
There have been several dextromethorphan overdose deaths documented in medical and media reports. Even when used alone, dextromethorphan ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Promethazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Promethazine - Side Effects
Promethazine is generally well tolerated. Typical side-effects are: Drowsiness, Dizziness, Fatigue, more rarely vertigo Confusion in the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Promethazine: Encyclopedia Ii - Promethazine - Dosage
Depending on disease and clinical condition (age, liver function): Mild to moderate cases of Agitation : 25mg to 50mg oral 3 to 4 t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan - Legality
While DXM is legal to purchase from stores, it may be illegal to purchase bulk DXM that is intended for laboratory use only from online v...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan: Encyclopedia Ii - Non-medical Use Of Dextromethorphan - Effects
Dextromethorphan has little to no psychological effect in the doses used medically (typically no more than 30 mg, or more, spread over se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - Terms Which Are Not Genericized Trademarks
Some common names for products or services are popularly believed to be genericzed trademarks, however this in not the case as the names ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Genericized Trademark: Encyclopedia Ii - Genericized Trademark - Genericized Trademarks Non-english
Non-English genericized trademarks are trademarks or brand names which have become words in common usage in that language. Genericized t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Morning Sickness: Encyclopedia Ii - Morning Sickness - When It Occurs
Morning sickness is not confined to the morning: nausea can occur at any time of the day, though it most commonly occurs soon after wakin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vitamin C: Encyclopedia Ii - Vitamin C - Sources
Vitamin C - Plant sources. Citrus fruits (lime, lemon, orange, grapefruit), tomatoes, and potatoes are good common sources of vitamin C...   » Read the article