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antibodies | A Wisdom Archive on antibodies | | antibodies A selection of articles related to antibodies | |
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antibodies, Antibody, Antibody - Biochemical applications, Antibody - Definition, Antibody - Function, Antibody - Isotypes, Antibody - Medical applications, Antibody - Structure of the antibody, Antibody - IgA, Antibody - IgD, Antibody - IgE, Antibody - IgG, Antibody - IgM, Antibody - The humoral immune response, Immunology, Immunosuppressive drug, Monoclonal antibody
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO antibodies | | | |  antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Sterilization surgical procedure - VasectomyVasectomy should not be confused with castration: vasectomy does not involve removal of the testicles and it affects neither the production of male sex hormones (mainly testosterone) nor their secretion into the bloodstream. Therefore sexual desire (libido) and the ability to have an erection and an orgasm with an ejaculation are not often affected. Because the sperm itself makes up a very small proportion of the ejaculate, vasectomy does not affect the volume, appearance, texture or flavour of the ejaculate. Similarly, in females, hormone production, libido, ...
See also:Sterilization surgical procedure, Sterilization surgical procedure - Vasectomy, Sterilization surgical procedure - Safety and effectiveness, Sterilization surgical procedure - Reversal, Sterilization surgical procedure - Sterilization of animals Read more here: » Sterilization surgical procedure: Encyclopedia II - Sterilization surgical procedure - Vasectomy |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Lymph node - Lymph nodes of the head and neck
Lymph node - Anterior Cervical.
These nodes, both superficial and deep, lie above and beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscles. They drain the internal structures of the throat as well as part of the posterior pharynx, tonsils, and thyroid gland.
Lymph node - Posterior Cervical.
These nodes extend in a line posterior to the sternocleidomastoids but in front of the trapezius, from the level of the mastoid bone to the clavicle. They drain the skin on the back of the head. They are frequently enlarged during upper respiratory ...
See also:Lymph node, Lymph node - Lymph nodes of the head and neck, Lymph node - Anterior Cervical, Lymph node - Posterior Cervical, Lymph node - Tonsilar, Lymph node - Sub-mandibular, Lymph node - Sub-mental, Lymph node - Supraclavicular Read more here: » Lymph node: Encyclopedia II - Lymph node - Lymph nodes of the head and neck |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Vasculitis - Diagnosis The types of vasculitis are distinguished by the type of blood vessel affected (aorta, large arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins), the appearance of biopsy tissue of affected organs on light microscopy, and if necessary, with the help of immunohistochemistry (use of monoclonal antibodies against specific inflammatory protein markers).
Other diagnostic tools are the detection of circulating antibodies that are associated with forms of vasculitis. While these measurements have a low positive and negative predictive value (due to the high rates of both false positives and false negatives), they can direct the clin ...
See also:Vasculitis, Vasculitis - Diagnosis, Vasculitis - Treatment, Vasculitis - Causes and types, Vasculitis - Source Read more here: » Vasculitis: Encyclopedia II - Vasculitis - Diagnosis |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Lupus erythematosus - Signs and symptoms Common initial and chronic complaints are fever, malaise, joint pains, myalgias and fatigue. Because they are so often seen with other diseases, these signs and symptoms are not part of the diagnostic criteria for SLE. When occurring in conjunction with other signs and symptoms, however, they are considered suggestive.
Lupus erythematosus - Dermatological manifestations.
As many as 30% of patients present with some dermatological symptoms (and 65% suffer such symptoms at some point), with 30% to 50% suffer ...
See also:Lupus erythematosus, Lupus erythematosus - Signs and symptoms, Lupus erythematosus - Dermatological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Musculoskeletal manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Hematological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Cardiac manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Renal involvement, Lupus erythematosus - Neurological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - T-cell abnormalities, Lupus erythematosus - Diagnosis, Lupus erythematosus - Classification, Lupus erythematosus - Etiology, Lupus erythematosus - Genetics, Lupus erythematosus - Environmental causes, Lupus erythematosus - Drug-induced lupus, Lupus erythematosus - Pathophysiology, Lupus erythematosus - Abnormalities in apoptosis, Lupus erythematosus - Complement pathway, Lupus erythematosus - Treatment, Lupus erythematosus - Epidemiology, Lupus erythematosus - Prognosis, Lupus erythematosus - History Read more here: » Lupus erythematosus: Encyclopedia II - Lupus erythematosus - Signs and symptoms |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Toxoplasmosis - Symptoms Infection has two stages:
Toxoplasmosis - Acute toxoplasmosis.
During acute toxoplasmosis, symptoms are often flu-like: swollen lymph nodes, or muscle aches and pains that last for a month or more. Rarely, a patient with a fully functioning immune system may develop eye damage from toxoplasmosis. Young children and immunocomprimised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS, those taking certain types of chemotherapy, or persons who have recently received an organ transplant, may develop severe toxoplasmosis. This can cause damage to the brain or the eyes. Only a small percentage of infected newborns ...
See also:Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasmosis - Transmission, Toxoplasmosis - Pregnancy precautions, Toxoplasmosis - Symptoms, Toxoplasmosis - Acute toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasmosis - Latent toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasmosis - Treatment, Toxoplasmosis - Risk factors, Toxoplasmosis - Human prevalence, Toxoplasmosis - Animal prevalence, Toxoplasmosis - Footnotes Read more here: » Toxoplasmosis: Encyclopedia II - Toxoplasmosis - Symptoms |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - List of University of Michigan people - Alumni
List of University of Michigan people - Nobel laureates.
Stanley Cohen PhD 1949, co-winner of the 1986 Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering growth factors (proteins regulating cell growth) in human and animal tissue
Marshall Nirenberg, Ph.D. 1957, Chief of Biomedical Genetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1968
Thomas H. Weller, A.B. 1936, M.S. 1937, received the Nobel Prize Medicine in 1954
Jerome Karle, (Ph.D. 1944) Chief Scientist, L ...
See also:List of University of Michigan people, List of University of Michigan people - Alumni, List of University of Michigan people - Nobel laureates, List of University of Michigan people - Art Architecture Design, List of University of Michigan people - Arts and entertainment, List of University of Michigan people - Astronauts, List of University of Michigan people - Business, List of University of Michigan people - Computers engineering and technology, List of University of Michigan people - Educators, List of University of Michigan people - Journalism/Publishing, List of University of Michigan people - Law government and public policy, List of University of Michigan people - Marshall scholarship, List of University of Michigan people - Mathematics, List of University of Michigan people - Medicine, List of University of Michigan people - Rhodes Scholars, List of University of Michigan people - Science, List of University of Michigan people - Sports, List of University of Michigan people - Michigan's Football All-Americans, List of University of Michigan people - Newsmakers, List of University of Michigan people - Notable faculty, List of University of Michigan people - American Association for the Advancement of Science, List of University of Michigan people - Business Week Management Gurus, List of University of Michigan people - Institute of Medicine, List of University of Michigan people - MacArthur Foundation award winners, List of University of Michigan people - United States National Academy of Engineering, List of University of Michigan people - United States National Academy of Sciences, List of University of Michigan people - National Medal of Science, List of University of Michigan people - Pulitzer Prize Winning Faculty, List of University of Michigan people - Former administrators Read more here: » List of University of Michigan people: Encyclopedia II - List of University of Michigan people - Alumni |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Rheumatic fever - General Information Rheumatic fever is common worldwide and is responsible for many cases of damaged heart valves. In the Western countries, it became fairly rare since the 1950's, possibly due to higher hygienic standards. While it is far less common in the United States since the beginning of the 20th century, there have been a few outbreaks since the 1980s. Although the disease seldom occurs, it is serious and has a mortality of 2 - 5%.
Rheumatic fever primarily affects children between ages six and 15 and occurs approximately 20 days after strep throat or scarlet fever. In up to a third of cases, the under ...
See also:Rheumatic fever, Rheumatic fever - General Information, Rheumatic fever - Diagnosis: Modified Jones Criteria, Rheumatic fever - Major Criteria, Rheumatic fever - Minor Criteria, Rheumatic fever - Other Signs and Symptoms, Rheumatic fever - Pathophysiology, Rheumatic fever - Treatment, Rheumatic fever - Infection, Rheumatic fever - Inflammation, Rheumatic fever - Heart failure, Rheumatic fever - Prevention Read more here: » Rheumatic fever: Encyclopedia II - Rheumatic fever - General Information |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Ehrlichiosis - Signs and symptoms The acute stage of the disease, occurring most often in the spring and summer, begins one to three weeks after infection and lasts for two to four weeks. Clinical signs include a fever, petechiae, bleeding disorders, and vasculitis. There are no outward signs of the subclinical phase, which can last for up to five years. Clinical signs of the chronic phase include pale gums due to anemia, thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, respiratory dyspnea, coughing, polyuria, polydipsia, lameness, ophthalmic diseases such as retinal hemorrh ...
See also:Ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichiosis - Erlichia, Ehrlichiosis - Disease Overview, Ehrlichiosis - Treatments, Ehrlichiosis - Signs and symptoms, Ehrlichiosis - Diagnosis, Ehrlichiosis - Prognosis, Ehrlichiosis - Transmission or Cause, Ehrlichiosis - Treatment, Ehrlichiosis - Prevention, Ehrlichiosis - Human Ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichiosis - Canine Ehrlichiosis Read more here: » Ehrlichiosis: Encyclopedia II - Ehrlichiosis - Signs and symptoms |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Marburg virus - 2004-2005 outbreak in Angola In early 2005, the World Health Organization began investigating an outbreak of a then-undiagnosed hemorrhagic fever in Angola, which was centered around the northeastern Uige Province. The disease may have surfaced as early as March 2004 in a crowded children's ward. A doctor noted that a child, who subsequently died, was displaying signs of hemorrhagic fever. By October, the death rate on the ward went from three to five children a week to three to five a day. On March 22, 2005, as the death toll neared 100, the cause of the illness was id ...
See also:Marburg virus, Marburg virus - The Marburg virus, Marburg virus - Infection details, Marburg virus - Treatment and prevention, Marburg virus - Early outbreaks, Marburg virus - 2004-2005 outbreak in Angola, Marburg virus - Deaths by Month, Marburg virus - Deaths by Week, Marburg virus - Control efforts, Marburg virus - Fiction, Marburg virus - Sources Read more here: » Marburg virus: Encyclopedia II - Marburg virus - 2004-2005 outbreak in Angola |
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| | | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Typhoid fever - Symptoms After infection, symptoms include:
a high fever from 103° to 104°F (39° to 40°C) that rises slowly
chills
slow pulse rate (bradycardia)
weakness
diarrhea
headaches
myalgia
lack of appetite
constipation
stomach pains
in some cases, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots called "rose spots"
Extreme symptoms such as intestinal perforation or hemorrhage, d ...
See also:Typhoid fever, Typhoid fever - Symptoms, Typhoid fever - Diagnosis, Typhoid fever - Treatment, Typhoid fever - Transmission, Typhoid fever - Famous victims, Typhoid fever - Mortalities, Typhoid fever - Carriers, Typhoid fever - Reference Read more here: » Typhoid fever: Encyclopedia II - Typhoid fever - Symptoms |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Blood transfusion - History Roman Catholic authors take pains to discredit the contemporary chronicler Stefano Infessura's story of Innocent VIII's deathbed. As the Pope sank into a coma, the harrowing story was told that, at the suggestion of a physician, the blood of three boys was infused into the dying pontiff's veins. They were ten years old, and had been promised a ducat each. All three died. Historians of medicine note this event as the first report ...
See also:Blood transfusion, Blood transfusion - History, Blood transfusion - Precautions, Blood transfusion - Procedure, Blood transfusion - Contraindications, Blood transfusion - Complications, Blood transfusion - Animal blood transfusion, Blood transfusion - Blood transfusion substitutes Read more here: » Blood transfusion: Encyclopedia II - Blood transfusion - History |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Blood film - Interpretation
Blood film - Routine examination.
As stated, a blood film will help identify circulating blood cells. Apart from counting the cells, morphology of cells can provide a wealth of information and assist in making a diagnosis[1].
Cellular components of blood are:
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Platelets (thrombocytes)
Normal blood films are typically full of red blood cells, with occasional white blood cells and minuscule platelets, ...
See also:Blood film, Blood film - Preparation, Blood film - Common blood film staining methods, Blood film - Interpretation, Blood film - Routine examination, Blood film - Disorders, Blood film - Reference Read more here: » Blood film: Encyclopedia II - Blood film - Interpretation |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Influenza - History There were several serious outbreaks of influenza in the 20th century. The most famous (and the most lethal) was the so-called Spanish Flu pandemic (type A influenza, H1N1 strain), which lasted from 1918 to 1919, and is believed to have killed more people in total than World War I. While the war casualties accumulated over several years, the pandemic took most of its toll over a period of weeks. Lesser flu epidemics included the 1957 Asian Flu (type A, H2N2 strain) and the 1968 Hong Kong Flu (type A, H3N2 strain).
Known epidemic ...
See also:Influenza, Influenza - History, Influenza - Symptoms, Influenza - Flu season, Influenza - Prevention, Influenza - Treatment, Influenza - Variability, Influenza - Avian influenza, Influenza - How H5N1 kills, Influenza - Sources Read more here: » Influenza: Encyclopedia II - Influenza - History |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - 2001 anthrax attacks - Timeline of the 2001 anthrax attacks
2001 anthrax attacks - The attacks.
September 11, 2001 attacks
September 17 or September 18: Attack #1 - Five anthrax letters are believed to have been mailed around this time (Trenton, New Jersey postmark dated September 18), targeting news media: ABC News, CBS News, NBC News and the New York Post, all in New York City; and the National Enquirer at American Media, Inc. in Boca Raton, Florida, which publishes supermarket tabloids. (Only the New York Post and N ...
See also:2001 anthrax attacks, 2001 anthrax attacks - Overview, 2001 anthrax attacks - Investigation, 2001 anthrax attacks - A person of interest, 2001 anthrax attacks - The anthrax, 2001 anthrax attacks - The Princeton mailbox, 2001 anthrax attacks - The return address, 2001 anthrax attacks - The notes, 2001 anthrax attacks - Journalists and amateur investigators on the 2001 anthrax attacks, 2001 anthrax attacks - Barbara Hatch Rosenberg, 2001 anthrax attacks - Don Foster, 2001 anthrax attacks - Ed Lake, 2001 anthrax attacks - Richard M. Smith, 2001 anthrax attacks - Gary Matsumoto, 2001 anthrax attacks - Ross E. Getman, 2001 anthrax attacks - Robert Pate, 2001 anthrax attacks - Kenneth J. Dillon, 2001 anthrax attacks - Aftermath, 2001 anthrax attacks - Contamination and cleanup, 2001 anthrax attacks - Political effects, 2001 anthrax attacks - Health, 2001 anthrax attacks - Timeline of the 2001 anthrax attacks, 2001 anthrax attacks - The attacks, 2001 anthrax attacks - Related events Read more here: » 2001 anthrax attacks: Encyclopedia II - 2001 anthrax attacks - Timeline of the 2001 anthrax attacks |
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| | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - 2001 anthrax attacks - Timeline
2001 anthrax attacks - The attacks.
September 11, 2001 attacks
September 17 or September 18: Attack #1 - Five anthrax letters are believed to have been mailed around this time (Trenton, New Jersey postmark dated September 18), targeting news media: ABC News, CBS News, NBC News and the New York Post, all in New York City; and the National Enquirer at American Media, Inc. in Boca Raton, Florida, which publishes supermarket tabloids. (Only the New York Post and N ...
See also:2001 anthrax attacks, 2001 anthrax attacks - Overview, 2001 anthrax attacks - Investigation, 2001 anthrax attacks - A person of interest, 2001 anthrax attacks - The anthrax, 2001 anthrax attacks - The Princeton mailbox, 2001 anthrax attacks - The return address, 2001 anthrax attacks - The notes, 2001 anthrax attacks - Journalists, 2001 anthrax attacks - William J. Broad, 2001 anthrax attacks - Gary Matsumoto, 2001 anthrax attacks - Scott Shane, 2001 anthrax attacks - Amateur investigators, 2001 anthrax attacks - Barbara Hatch Rosenberg, 2001 anthrax attacks - Don Foster, 2001 anthrax attacks - Ed Lake, 2001 anthrax attacks - Richard M. Smith, 2001 anthrax attacks - Ross E. Getman, 2001 anthrax attacks - Robert Pate, 2001 anthrax attacks - Kenneth J. Dillon, 2001 anthrax attacks - Comments from bio-weapons experts, 2001 anthrax attacks - Kenneth Alibek, 2001 anthrax attacks - William C. Patrick III, 2001 anthrax attacks - Richard O. Spertzel, 2001 anthrax attacks - Comments from government officials, 2001 anthrax attacks - Tom Carey, 2001 anthrax attacks - James Fitzgerald, 2001 anthrax attacks - Ari Fleischer, 2001 anthrax attacks - Aftermath, 2001 anthrax attacks - Contamination and cleanup, 2001 anthrax attacks - Political effects, 2001 anthrax attacks - Health, 2001 anthrax attacks - Timeline, 2001 anthrax attacks - The attacks, 2001 anthrax attacks - Related events Read more here: » 2001 anthrax attacks: Encyclopedia II - 2001 anthrax attacks - Timeline |
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| | | | | | | antibodies: Encyclopedia II - Severe combined immunodeficiency - Types
Severe combined immunodeficiency - IL-7 signalling pathway.
Most cases of SCID are derived from mutations in the γc chain in the receptors for interleukins IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15. These interleukins and their receptors are involved in the development and differentiation of T and B cells. Deleterious mutations in the gamma-chain or in the JAK3 protein cause a form of SCID that is characterized by low numbers of T and NK cells, and presence of non-functional B cells.
The IL-2 receptor γ (IL-2Rγ) gene is located on the X ...
See also:Severe combined immunodeficiency, Severe combined immunodeficiency - Types, Severe combined immunodeficiency - IL-7 signalling pathway, Severe combined immunodeficiency - VDJ recombination, Severe combined immunodeficiency - Adenosine deaminase, Severe combined immunodeficiency - Detection, Severe combined immunodeficiency - Treatment Read more here: » Severe combined immunodeficiency: Encyclopedia II - Severe combined immunodeficiency - Types |
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