anthropic bias

In cosmology, the anthropic principle in its most basic form states the truism that any valid theory of the universe must be consistent with our existence as carbon-based human beings at this particular time and place in the universe. In other words, "If something must be true for us, as humans, to exist; then it is true simply because we exist." Attempts to apply this principle to develop scientific explanations in cosmology have led to some confusion and much controversy. Anthropic principle - Origin. The ...

Including:

• Anthropic principle - Origin
• Anthropic principle - Proponents and versions
• Anthropic principle - The Anthropic Cosmological Principle
• Anthropic principle - Anthropic principle in string theory
• Anthropic principle - Anthropic bias and anthropic reasoning
• Anthropic principle - Footnote

Read more here: » Anthropic principle: Encyclopedia - Anthropic principle

Karl Marx's philosophy of dialectical materialism is founded on Hegel's doctrine of dialectics; although Marx, being concerned mostly with economics and political matters, rejected Hegel's idealism for materialism while keeping the Hegelian dialectic. 1960s New Left thinkers like Herbert Marcuse and the Frankfurt School, while coming out of a Marxist background, found the class struggle seemed irrelevant to current political issues. Racial, and later, sexual politics were important matters of social debate at the time, leading the New Left to use sex roles, race, and similar identity politics divisions as proxies ...

See also:

Subject-object problem, Subject-object problem - The omniscient perspective, Subject-object problem - In 20th Century philosophy, Subject-object problem - In language, Subject-object problem - As it relates to language and power, Subject-object problem - In Science, Subject-object problem - In physics, Subject-object problem - In mathematics, Subject-object problem - Other approaches

Read more here: » Subject-object problem: Encyclopedia II - Subject-object problem - In 20th Century philosophy

In 1986, the controversial book The Anthropic Cosmological Principle by John D. Barrow and Frank J. Tipler (Oxford University Press) was published. In this book Barrow, a cosmological scientist, and Tipler, a mathematical physicist, pioneered the anthropic principle in order to deal with the seemingly incredible coincidences that allow for our presence in a universe that appears to be perfectly set up for our existence. Everything from the particular energy state of the electron to the exact level of the weak nuclear force seem ...

See also:

Anthropic principle, Anthropic principle - Origin, Anthropic principle - Proponents and versions, Anthropic principle - The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, Anthropic principle - Anthropic principle in string theory, Anthropic principle - Anthropic bias and anthropic reasoning, Anthropic principle - Footnote

Read more here: » Anthropic principle: Encyclopedia II - Anthropic principle - The Anthropic Cosmological Principle

Karl Marx's philosophy of dialectical materialism is founded on Hegel's doctrine of dialectics; although Marx, being concerned mostly with economics and political matters, rejected Hegel's idealism for materialism while keeping the Hegelian dialectic. 1960s New Left thinkers like Herbert Marcuse and the Frankfurt School, while coming out of a Marxist background, found the class struggle seemed irrelevant to current political issues. Racial, and later, sexual politics were important matters of social debate at the time, leading the New Left to use sex roles, race, and similar identity politics divisions as proxies ...

See also:

Subject-object problem, Subject-object problem - The omniscient perspective, Subject-object problem - In 20th Century philosophy, Subject-object problem - In language, Subject-object problem - As it relates to language and power, Subject-object problem - In science, Subject-object problem - In physics, Subject-object problem - In mathematics, Subject-object problem - Other approaches

Read more here: » Subject-object problem: Encyclopedia II - Subject-object problem - In 20th Century philosophy

Subject-object problem - In physics. There are related concerns in philosophy of physics where observers are known to affect a result, e.g. in quantum mechanics, in a way which defies the conventional assignment of a subject role to experimenter, with everything else as an object. This can lead among other things to confirmation bias. Subject-object problem - In mathematics. Cognitive science of mathematics raises some similar concerns with philosophy of mathematics. Among them ...

See also:

Subject-object problem, Subject-object problem - The omniscient perspective, Subject-object problem - In 20th Century philosophy, Subject-object problem - In language, Subject-object problem - As it relates to language and power, Subject-object problem - In science, Subject-object problem - In physics, Subject-object problem - In mathematics, Subject-object problem - Other approaches

Read more here: » Subject-object problem: Encyclopedia II - Subject-object problem - In science

In 2002, Nick Bostrom asked "Is it possible to sum up the essence of observation selection effects in a simple statement?" He concluded that it might be, but that: Many 'anthropic principles' are simply confused. Some, especially those drawing inspiration from Brandon Carter's seminal papers, are sound, but... they are too weak to do any real scientific work. In particular, I argue that existing methodology does not permit any observational consequences to be derived from contemporary cosmological theories, in spite of the fact ...

See also:

Anthropic principle, Anthropic principle - Origin, Anthropic principle - Proponents and versions, Anthropic principle - The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, Anthropic principle - Anthropic principle in string theory, Anthropic principle - Anthropic bias and anthropic reasoning, Anthropic principle - Footnote

Read more here: » Anthropic principle: Encyclopedia II - Anthropic principle - Anthropic bias and anthropic reasoning

Proponents of the anthropic principle suggest that we live in a fine-tuned universe, i.e. a universe that appears to be "fine-tuned" to allow the existence of life as we know it. If any of the basic physical constants were significantly different, then life as we know it would not be possible. Papers have been written arguing that the anthropic principle would explain the physical constants such as the fine structure constant, the numbe ...

See also:

Anthropic principle, Anthropic principle - Origin, Anthropic principle - Proponents and versions, Anthropic principle - The Anthropic Cosmological Principle, Anthropic principle - Anthropic principle in string theory, Anthropic principle - Anthropic bias and anthropic reasoning, Anthropic principle - Footnote

Read more here: » Anthropic principle: Encyclopedia II - Anthropic principle - Proponents and versions

Subject-object problem - In physics. There are related concerns in philosophy of physics where observers are known to affect a result, e.g. in quantum mechanics, in a way which defies the conventional assignment of a subject role to experimenter, with everything else as an object. This can lead among other things to confirmation bias. Subject-object problem - In mathematics. Cognitive science of mathematics raises some similar concerns with philosophy of mathematics. Among them ...

See also:

Subject-object problem, Subject-object problem - The omniscient perspective, Subject-object problem - In 20th Century philosophy, Subject-object problem - In language, Subject-object problem - As it relates to language and power, Subject-object problem - In Science, Subject-object problem - In physics, Subject-object problem - In mathematics, Subject-object problem - Other approaches

Read more here: » Subject-object problem: Encyclopedia II - Subject-object problem - In Science