anterior cingulate cortex

Decision making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. Every decision-making produces a final choice. It can be an action or an opinion. It begins when we need to do something but we do not know what. Therefore decision-making is a reasoning process which can be rational or irrational, and can be based on explicit assumptions or tacit assumptions. Common examples include shopping, deciding what to eat, and deciding ...

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• Decision making - Decision making style
• Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making
• Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making
• Decision making - Decision making in groups
• Decision making - Principles
• Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life
• Decision making - Decision making in healthcare
• Decision making - Path dependency
• Decision making - Decision making in business

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It is generally agreed that biases can creep into our decision making processes, calling into question the correctness of a decision. Below is a list of some of the more common cognitive biases. Selective search for evidence - We tend to be willing to gather facts that support certain conclusions but disregard other facts that support different conclusions. Premature termination of search for evidence - We tend to accept the first alternative that looks like it might work. Conservatism and inertia - Unwillingne ...

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Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business and management

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making

In 1999, Professor John Allman, a neuroscientist, and colleagues at the California Institute of Technology first published a report on spindle neurons found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of hominids, but not in any other species. Neuronal volumes of ACC spindle neurons were larger in humans and the gracile chimpanzees than the spindle neurons of the robust gorillas and orangutans. Allman and his colleagues have delved beyond the level of brain infrastructure to investigate how spindle neurons function at the superstructural l ...

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Spindle neuron, Spindle neuron - Function of spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Evolutionary significance, Spindle neuron - ACC spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsular spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Spindle neuron concentrations, Spindle neuron - ACC, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsula, Spindle neuron - Related pathologies

Read more here: » Spindle neuron: Encyclopedia II - Spindle neuron - ACC spindle neurons

It is generally agreed that biases can creep into our decision making processes, calling into question the correctness of a decision. Below is a list of some of the more common cognitive biases. Selective search for evidence - We tend to be willing to gather facts that support certain conclusions but disregard other facts that support different conclusions. Premature termination of search for evidence - We tend to accept the first alternative that looks like it might work. Conservatism and inertia - Unwillingne ...

See also:

Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making

In general, business and management systems should be set up to allow decision making at the lowest possible level. Several decision making models for business include: Analytic Hierarchy Process - procedure for multi-level goal hierarchy Buyer decision processes - transaction before, during, and after a purchase Complex systems - common behavioural and structural features that can be modelled Corporate finance: The investment decision The financing decision The divide ...

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Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business and management

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Decision making in business and management

Spindle neurons are relatively enormous cells that refract waves of neural signals as they are transmitted in waves from one region of the brain to other regions. Spindle neurons have been implicated by scientists as having an important role in a myriad of cognitive abilities and disabilities generally unique to humans, ranging from savant perceptiveness and perfect pitch to dyslexia and autism. While rare in comparison to other neurons, spindle neurons are most abundant, and largest, in humans; they have only been found thus far in the anterior ci ...

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Spindle neuron, Spindle neuron - Function of spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Evolutionary significance, Spindle neuron - ACC spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsular spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Spindle neuron concentrations, Spindle neuron - ACC, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsula, Spindle neuron - Related pathologies

Read more here: » Spindle neuron: Encyclopedia II - Spindle neuron - Function of spindle neurons

Spindle neuron - ACC. The largest number of ACC spindle neurons are found in humans, fewer in the gracile great apes; and fewest in the robust great apes. In both humans and bonobos they are often found in clusters of 3 to 6 neurons. In decreasing order of abundance, they are found in humans, bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. While total quantities of ACC spindle neurons were not reported by Allman in his seminal research report (as they were in a later report describing their presence in the fronto ...

See also:

Spindle neuron, Spindle neuron - Function of spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Evolutionary significance, Spindle neuron - ACC spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsular spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Spindle neuron concentrations, Spindle neuron - ACC, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsula, Spindle neuron - Related pathologies

Read more here: » Spindle neuron: Encyclopedia II - Spindle neuron - Spindle neuron concentrations

Main article: path dependency It is perhaps pertinent to note that the cost of making no decision at all itself is a factor, and that the benefit of making some decision, even a random choice, can be beneficial in the longer term. Thus the reversibility of an action may be a good way to judge whether or not an action or process is beneficial. A resource can also be viewed as something expendable, or bearing a cost, rather than the implication of selecting something irrevocably. Even life and death decisions have ...

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Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business and management

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Path dependency

At a Society for Neuroscience meeting in 2003, Allman reported on spindle cells his team found in another brain region, the frontoinsular cortex, a region which appears to have undergone significant evolutionary adaptations in mankind - perhaps as recently as 100,000 years ago. This frontoinsular cortex is closely connected to the insula, a region that is roughly the size of a thumb in each hemisphere of the human brain. The insula and frontoinsular cortex are part of the orbitofrontal cortex, wherein the elaborate circuitry associate ...

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Spindle neuron, Spindle neuron - Function of spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Evolutionary significance, Spindle neuron - ACC spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsular spindle neurons, Spindle neuron - Spindle neuron concentrations, Spindle neuron - ACC, Spindle neuron - Frontoinsula, Spindle neuron - Related pathologies

Read more here: » Spindle neuron: Encyclopedia II - Spindle neuron - Frontoinsular spindle neurons

The ethical principles of decision making vary considerably. Some common choices of principles and the methods which seem to match them include: the most powerful person/group decides method: dictatorship or oligarchy everyone participates in a certain class of meta-decisions method: parliamentary democracy everyone participates in every decision direct democracy ...

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Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business and management

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Principles

Decision making in groups is sometimes examined separately as process and outcome. Process refers to the interactions among individuals that lead to the choice of a particular course of action. An outcome is the consequence of that choice. Separating process and outcome is convenient because it helps explain that a good decision making processes does not guarantee a good outcome, and that a good outcome does not presuppose a good process. Thus, for example, managers interested in good decision making are encouraged to put good decision makin ...

See also:

Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Decision making in groups

The ethical principles of decision making vary considerably. Some common choices of principles and the methods which seem to match them include: the most powerful person/group decides method: dictatorship or oligarchy everyone participates in a certain class of meta-decisions method: parliamentary democracy everyone participates in every decision direct democracy ...

See also:

Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Principles

Main article: path dependency It is perhaps pertinent to note that the cost of making no decision at all itself is a factor, and that the benefit of making some decision, even a random choice, can be beneficial in the longer term. Thus the reversibility of an action may be a good way to judge whether or not an action or process is beneficial. A resource can also be viewed as something expendable, or bearing a cost, rather than the implication of selecting something irrevocably. Even life and death decisions have ...

See also:

Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Path dependency

Decision making in groups is sometimes examined separately as process and outcome. Process refers to the interactions among individuals that lead to the choice of a particular course of action. An outcome is the consequence of that choice. Separating process and outcome is convenient because it helps explain that a good decision making processes does not guarantee a good outcome, and that a good outcome does not presuppose a good process. Thus, for example, managers interested in good decision making are encouraged to put good decision makin ...

See also:

Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business and management

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Decision making in groups

Some of the decision making techniques that we use in everyday life include: listing the advantages and disadvantages of each option, popularized by Benjamin Franklin flipping a coin, cutting a deck of playing cards, and other random or coincidence methods accepting the first option that seems like it might achieve the desired result tarot cards, astrology, augurs, revelation, or other forms of divination acquiesce to a person in authority or an "expert" An alternative may be to apply one of the proces ...

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Decision making, Decision making - Decision making style, Decision making - Cognitive and personal biases in decision making, Decision making - Cognitive neuroscience of decision making, Decision making - Decision making in groups, Decision making - Principles, Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life, Decision making - Decision making in healthcare, Decision making - Path dependency, Decision making - Decision making in business and management

Read more here: » Decision making: Encyclopedia II - Decision making - Decision making in one's personal life