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anterior | A Wisdom Archive on anterior | | anterior A selection of articles related to anterior | |
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anterior, Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO anterior | | | |  anterior: Encyclopedia II - Acanthocephala - Life Cycles
Acanthocephala - General Patterns.
Acanthocephalans have complex life cycles, involving a number of hosts, for both developmental and resting stages. Complete life cycles have been worked out for only 25 species. Having been expelled by the female, the acanthocephalan embryo is released along with the feces of the host. For development to occur, the embryo needs to be ingested by an invertebrate, almost always a crustacean (there is one known life cycle which uses a mollusc as a first intermediate host). Inside t ...
See also:Acanthocephala, Acanthocephala - Morphological Characteristics, Acanthocephala - Digestion, Acanthocephala - Proboscis, Acanthocephala - Phylogenetic Relationships, Acanthocephala - Size, Acanthocephala - Skin, Acanthocephala - Nervous System, Acanthocephala - Sex, Acanthocephala - Other Features, Acanthocephala - Life Cycles, Acanthocephala - General Patterns, Acanthocephala - An example - Polymorphus spp. Read more here: » Acanthocephala: Encyclopedia II - Acanthocephala - Life Cycles |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Coelophysis - Behavior Evidence for behavior in the fossil record is always spotty, and this also holds true for Coelophysis. Despite the huge amount of specimens availible from Ghost Ranch, only some basic deductions about its behavior can be gleamed.
Coelophysis was probably opportunistic, catching live prey and scavenging. The teeth were typical of predatory dinosaurs, blade-like and recurved with fine serrations on both anterior and posterior edges. They were rooted in the jaws in sockets, and were being continuall ...
See also:Coelophysis, Coelophysis - Description, Coelophysis - Behavior, Coelophysis - Classification, Coelophysis - History of discovery, Coelophysis - Trivia Read more here: » Coelophysis: Encyclopedia II - Coelophysis - Behavior |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms and diagnoses
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Prenatal d-TGA.
In utero, a baby with d-TGA experiences no symptoms as the lungs will not be used until after birth, and oxygen is provided by the mother via the placenta and umbilical cord; in order for the red blood to bypass the lungs in utero, the fetal heart has two shunts that begin to close when the newborn starts breathing; these are the foramen ovale and the ductus arteriosus. The foramen ovale is a hole in the atrial septum which allows blood from the right a ...
See also:Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Overview, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Description, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Variations and similar defects, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms and diagnoses, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Prenatal d-TGA, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Diagnosis, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Prognosis, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Treatment, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Palliative, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Corrective, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Post-operative, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Follow-up, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Statistics Read more here: » Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries: Encyclopedia II - Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms and diagnoses |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Overview
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Description.
In a normal heart, oxygen-depleted ("blue") blood is pumped from the right side of the heart, through the pulmonary artery, to the lungs where it is oxygenated. The oxygen-rich ("red") blood then returns to the left heart, via the pulmonary veins, and is pumped through the aorta to the rest of the body, including the heart muscle itself.
With d-TGA, blue blood from the right heart is pumped immediately through the aorta and circulated to the body an ...
See also:Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Overview, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Description, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Variations and similar defects, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms and diagnoses, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Prenatal d-TGA, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Symptoms, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Diagnosis, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Prognosis, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Treatment, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Palliative, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Corrective, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Post-operative, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Follow-up, Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Statistics Read more here: » Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries: Encyclopedia II - Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries - Overview |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Diseases of the liver Many diseases of the liver are accompanied by jaundice caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the system. The bilirubin results from the breakup of the hemoglobin of dead red blood cells; normally, the liver removes bilirubin from the blood and excretes it through bile.
Hepatitis, inflammation of the liver, caused mainly by various viruses but also by some poisons, autoimmunity or hereditary conditions.
Cirrhosis is the formation of fibrous tissue in the liver, replacing dead liver cells. The death of the liver cell ...
See also:Liver, Liver - Anatomy, Liver - Surface anatomy, Liver - Functional anatomy, Liver - Physiology, Liver - Diseases of the liver, Liver - Liver transplantation, Liver - Development, Liver - Fetal blood supply, Liver - Analogous organs, Liver - Liver as food, Liver - Cultural allusions Read more here: » Liver: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Diseases of the liver |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Physiology The various functions of the liver are carried out by the liver cells or hepatocytes.
The liver produces and excretes bile required for food digestion. Some of the bile drains directly into the duodenum, and some is stored in the gallbladder.
The liver performs several roles in carbohydrate metabolism:
Gluconeogenesis (the formation of glucose from certain amino acids, lactate or glycerol)
Glycogenolysis (the formation of glucose from glycogen)
Glycogenesis (the formation ...
See also:Liver, Liver - Anatomy, Liver - Surface anatomy, Liver - Functional anatomy, Liver - Physiology, Liver - Diseases of the liver, Liver - Liver transplantation, Liver - Development, Liver - Fetal blood supply, Liver - Analogous organs, Liver - Liver as food, Liver - Cultural allusions Read more here: » Liver: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Physiology |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Digenea - Human digenean infections Only about 12 of the 6,000 known species are infectious to mankind, but some of these species are important diseases with of 200 million people infected world wide. The species that infect humans can be divided into groups, the Schistosomiasomes and the non-Schistosomiasomes.
Digenea - Schistosomiasomes.
The Schistosomiasomes are all parasites of the circulatory system of their primary host, meaning they live and feed inside the blood vessels. Because of this they are all very thin animals, ranging in size ...
See also:Digenea, Digenea - Morphology, Digenea - Key features, Digenea - Reproductive system, Digenea - Digestive system, Digenea - Nervous system, Digenea - Life cycles, Digenea - Human digenean infections, Digenea - Schistosomiasomes, Digenea - non-Schistosomiasomes, Digenea - Important publications Read more here: » Digenea: Encyclopedia II - Digenea - Human digenean infections |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Digenea - Life cycles Digenean fluke eggs leave the vertebrate host in faeces and use various strategies to infect the first intermediate host, in which sexual reproduction does not occur. Digenes may infect the first intermediate host (usually a snail) by either passive or active means. The eggs of some digenes, for example, are (passively) eaten by snails (or, rarely, by an annelid worm) in which they proceed to hatch. Alternatively, in many digenes, eggs hatch in water to release an actively swimming, ciliated larva, the miracidium, which must locate and pen ...
See also:Digenea, Digenea - Morphology, Digenea - Key features, Digenea - Reproductive system, Digenea - Digestive system, Digenea - Nervous system, Digenea - Life cycles, Digenea - Human digenean infections, Digenea - Schistosomiasomes, Digenea - non-Schistosomiasomes, Digenea - Important publications Read more here: » Digenea: Encyclopedia II - Digenea - Life cycles |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Development The liver develops as an endodermal outpocketing of the foregut called the hepatic diverticulum. Its initial blood supply is primarily from the vitelline veins that drain blood from the yolk sac. The superior part of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the hepatocytes and bile ducts, while the inferior part becomes the gallbladder and its associated cystic duct.
Liver - Fetal blood supply.
In the growing fetus, a major source of blood to the liver is the umbilical vein which supplies nutrients to ...
See also:Liver, Liver - Anatomy, Liver - Surface anatomy, Liver - Functional anatomy, Liver - Physiology, Liver - Diseases of the liver, Liver - Liver transplantation, Liver - Development, Liver - Fetal blood supply, Liver - Analogous organs, Liver - Liver as food, Liver - Cultural allusions Read more here: » Liver: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Development |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Liver as food Mammal and bird livers are commonly eaten as food: products include liver paté, Leberwurst, Braunschweiger, foie gras, chopped liver and liver sashimi.
Both animal and fish livers are rich in Vitamin A, cod liver oil being commonly used as a supplement. Vitamin A levels can be toxic, particularly in polar animals; the Antarctic explorers Douglas Mawson and Xavier Mertz were both poisoned, the l ...
See also:Liver, Liver - Anatomy, Liver - Surface anatomy, Liver - Functional anatomy, Liver - Physiology, Liver - Diseases of the liver, Liver - Liver transplantation, Liver - Development, Liver - Fetal blood supply, Liver - Analogous organs, Liver - Liver as food, Liver - Cultural allusions Read more here: » Liver: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Liver as food |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Cultural allusions In Greek mythology, Prometheus was punished by the gods for revealing fire to humans by being chained to a rock where a vulture (or an eagle, Ethon) would peck out his liver, which would grow again overnight. Curiously, the liver is the only human internal organ that actually can regenerate itself to a certain extent, a characteristic which may have already been known to the Greeks.
The Talmud (tractate Berakhot 61b) refers to the liver as the seat of ang ...
See also:Liver, Liver - Anatomy, Liver - Surface anatomy, Liver - Functional anatomy, Liver - Physiology, Liver - Diseases of the liver, Liver - Liver transplantation, Liver - Development, Liver - Fetal blood supply, Liver - Analogous organs, Liver - Liver as food, Liver - Cultural allusions Read more here: » Liver: Encyclopedia II - Liver - Cultural allusions |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Brain as food Like most other internal organs, the brain can serve as nourishment. For example, in the Southern United States canned pork brain in gravy can be purchased for consumption as food. The form of brain is often fried with scrambled eggs to produce the famous "Eggs n' Brains".[18]
The brain of animals also features in French cuisine such as in the dish [tête de veau], or head of calf. Although it might consist only of the outer meat of the sk ...
See also:Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Brain as food |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Bird - Other anatomy Birds possess a ventriculus, or gizzard, that is composed of four muscular bands that act to rotate and crush food by shifting the food from one area to the next within the gizzard. Depending on the species, the gizzard may contain small pieces of grit or stone that the bird has swallowed to aid in the grinding process of digestion. For birds in captivity, only certain species of birds require grit in their diet for digestion. The use of gizzard stones is a similarity between birds and dinosaurs, which left gizzard stones called gastroliths as trace fossils.
Birds also have skeletons possessing unique char ...
See also:Bird, Bird - High-level taxonomy, Bird - Bird orders, Bird - Evolution, Bird - Reproduction, Bird - Mating systems and parental care, Bird - Respiration, Bird - Other anatomy, Bird - Birds and humans, Bird - Trivia Read more here: » Bird: Encyclopedia II - Bird - Other anatomy |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Coelophysis - Classification Coelophysis is a distinct taxonomic unit (genus), composed of a single species, C. bauri. Two additional species were originally described in addition to C. bauri, C. longicollis, and C. willistoni, however they are not diagnostic and are considered synonymous with C. bauri. C. rhodesiensis is probably part of this generic complex, and is known from the Jurassic of southern Africa (see below for more). Coelop ...
See also:Coelophysis, Coelophysis - Description, Coelophysis - Behavior, Coelophysis - Classification, Coelophysis - History of discovery, Coelophysis - Trivia Read more here: » Coelophysis: Encyclopedia II - Coelophysis - Classification |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Coelophysis - History of discovery Cope first named Coelophysis in 1889 during his competition to name species with Othniel Charles Marsh, known as the Bone Wars. An amateur fossil collector, David Baldwin, had found the first remains of the dinosaur in 1881. The type species, C. bauri was named for Baur, one of Cope's many fossil collectors who supplied him. However, these first finds were small and there was certainly no complete picture of this new dinosaur.
In 1947, a big graveyard of Coelophysis fossils were found in New Mexico, at the Ghost R ...
See also:Coelophysis, Coelophysis - Description, Coelophysis - Behavior, Coelophysis - Classification, Coelophysis - History of discovery, Coelophysis - Trivia Read more here: » Coelophysis: Encyclopedia II - Coelophysis - History of discovery |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Mind and brain A distinction is sometimes made in the philosophy of mind between the mind and brain. The brain is defined as the physical, biological matter contained within the head, responsible for all electrochemical neuronal processes. The mind, however, exists as something outside of the brain. The mind is sometimes thought of as consciousness, the soul, or some other non-physical center of thought.
The inability to determine what consciousness is has led to the mind-body problem.
Some philosophers such as strong AI theorists believe that the mind is analogous to comp ...
See also:Brain, Brain - Mind and brain, Brain - History, Brain - Modern neuroscience, Brain - Comparative anatomy, Brain - Invertebrates, Brain - Vertebrates, Brain - Neurobiology, Brain - Histology, Brain - Function, Brain - Brain pathology, Brain - The study of the brain, Brain - Fields of study, Brain - Methods of observation, Brain - Other matters, Brain - Brain as food Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia II - Brain - Mind and brain |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Termite - Human interaction Because of their wood-eating habits, termites sometimes do great damage to buildings and other wooden structures. Their habit of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged and exhibit surface changes. Once termites have entered a building they do not limit themselves just to wood, also damaging paper, cloth, carpets, and other cellulosic materials.
...
See also:Termite, Termite - Appearance and Morphology, Termite - Social Structure and Behaviour, Termite - Queen and King, Termite - Workers, Termite - Soldiers, Termite - Hiding, Termite - Diet, Termite - Mounds, Termite - Human interaction, Termite - Fighting termites, Termite - Ecology, Termite - Relationships and Evolutionary History Read more here: » Termite: Encyclopedia II - Termite - Human interaction |
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| | | | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Frontal lobe - Function In the human brain, the precentral gyrus and the related cortical tissue that folds into the central sulcus comprise the primary motor cortex, which controls voluntary movements of specific body parts associated with areas of the gyrus.
Frontal lobes have been found to play a part in impulse control, judgment, language, memory, motor function, problem solving, sexual behavior, socialization and spontaneity. Frontal lobes assist in planning, coordinating, controlling and executing behavior. People who have damaged frontal lobes may exp ...
See also:Frontal lobe, Frontal lobe - Anatomy, Frontal lobe - Function, Frontal lobe - Psychosurgery Read more here: » Frontal lobe: Encyclopedia II - Frontal lobe - Function |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - Visual cortex - V2 Visual area V2 is the second major area in the visual cortex, and first region within the visual association area. It receives strong feedforward connections from V1 and sends strong connections to V3, V4, and V5. It also sends strong feedback connections to the V1.
Anatomically, V2 is split into four quadrants, a dorsal and ventral representation in the left and the right hemispheres. Together these four regions provide a complete map of the visual world. Functionally, V2 has many properties in common with V1. Cells are tuned ...
See also:Visual cortex, Visual cortex - Primary visual cortex V1, Visual cortex - Function, Visual cortex - Current research, Visual cortex - V2, Visual cortex - V3, Visual cortex - V4, Visual cortex - V5 Read more here: » Visual cortex: Encyclopedia II - Visual cortex - V2 |
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| | | | | anterior: Encyclopedia II - List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the trunk BACK: interspinales | intertransversarii | multifidus | rotatores | sacrospinalis | semispinalis | splenius capitis | splenius cervicis
SUBOCCIPITAL : obliquus capitis (inferior, superior) | rectus capitis posterior (major, minor)
THORAX: diaphragm | intercostales (externi, interni) | levatores costarum | serratus posterior (inferior, superior) | subcostales | transversus thoracis
ABDOMEN: cremaster | obliques (external, internal) | psoas (major, minor) | pyramidalis | quadratus lumborum | rectus abdom ...
See also:List of muscles of the human body, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the head, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the trunk, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the upper limb, List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the lower limb, List of muscles of the human body - Sources Read more here: » List of muscles of the human body: Encyclopedia II - List of muscles of the human body - The muscles of the trunk |
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