Encyclopedia - Anselm Of Canterbury: Encyclopedia - Anselm Of Canterbury
Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033 or 1034 – April 21, 1109), a widely influential medieval philosopher and theologian, held the office o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anselm Of Canterbury: Encyclopedia Ii - Anselm Of Canterbury - Biography
Anselm of Canterbury - Early life. Anselm was born in the city of Aosta in the Kingdom of Burgundy. Aosta is located in the Italian Alp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anselm Of Canterbury: Encyclopedia Ii - Anselm Of Canterbury - Writings
Anselm may, with some justice, be considered the first scholarly philosopher and theologian. His only great predecessor, Scotus Erigena, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atonement: Encyclopedia - Atonement
The Atonement is the central doctrine of Christianity: everything else derives from it. It is reconciliation with God, of people who have...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - April 21: Encyclopedia - April 21
April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (112th in leap years). There are 254 days remaining. April 21 - Events. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aosta Valley: Encyclopedia - Aosta Valley
 - Ranked  - Density The Aosta Valley (in French: Vallée d'Aoste, Italian: Valle d'Aosta) is a mountainous region in north-wes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atonement Satisfaction View: Encyclopedia - Atonement Satisfaction View
The Satisfaction view of the atonement (also known as the penal or punishment theory) is a doctrine in Christian theology related to the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apologetics: Encyclopedia - Apologetics
Apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position. Someone who engages in apologetics is called an ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Philosophy: Encyclopedia - Christian Philosophy
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia - Mary The Mother Of Jesus
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sin: Encyclopedia - Sin
Sin has been a term most usually used in a religious context, and today describes any lack of conformity to the will of God; especially, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics
Christian Apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense (apologetics) of Christianity. The word "apologetic" co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Philosophy Of Religion: Encyclopedia - Philosophy Of Religion
Philosophy of religion is the rational study of the meaning and justification of fundamental religious claims, particularly about the nat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anselm: Encyclopedia - Anselm
Anselm may refer to any of several historical figures: Saint Anselm, 8th-century Abbot of Nonantula Saint Anselm of Canterbury (ca 1033 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ontological Argument: Encyclopedia - Ontological Argument
In theology and the philosophy of religion, an ontological argument for the existence of God is an argument that God's existence can be p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Limited Atonement: Encyclopedia - Limited Atonement
Background Christianity St. Augustine The Reformation Distinctives Calvin's Institutes Five Solas Five Points (TULIP) Regulative principl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bernard Of Clairvaux: Encyclopedia - Bernard Of Clairvaux
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (Fontaines, near Dijon, 1090 – August 21, 1153 in Clairvaux) was a French abbot and theologian who was the m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1063: Encyclopedia - 1063
1063 - Events. Anselm of Canterbury becomes prior at Le Bec Sancho I becomes ruler of Aragon Bishopric of Olomouc is founded 1063 - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1076: Encyclopedia - 1076
1076 - Events. February 14 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Anselm of Canterbury completes Monologion T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scholasticism: Encyclopedia - Scholasticism
Scholasticism comes from the Latin word scholasticus which means "that [which] belongs to the school", and is the school of philosophy ta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1078: Encyclopedia - 1078
1078 - Events. The Romanesque church begun at Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain Anselm of Canterbury becomes abbot of the Abbey o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England
William II (called "Rufus", perhaps because of his red-faced appearance) (c. 1056 – 2 August 1100) was the second son of William the Co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1059: Encyclopedia - 1059
1059 - Events. Anselm of Canterbury settles at the Benedictine monastery of Le Bec in Normandy. The College of Cardinals become the s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1109: Encyclopedia - 1109
1109 - Events. Battle of Naklo Battle of Hundsfeld Fulk of Jerusalem becomes count of Anjou Alfonso I of Aragon marries Urraca of Cast...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1056: Encyclopedia - 1056
1056 - Events. Anselm of Canterbury leaves Italy. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes King of Germany. Ottokar, Count of Steyr, beco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1033: Encyclopedia - 1033
1033 - Events. Benedict IX becomes pope. 1033 - Births. Anselm of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1109) 1033 - Deaths. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mary The Mother Of Jesus - Christian And Muslim Beliefs About Mary
Mary the mother of Jesus - Immaculate Conception of Mary. Main article: Immaculate Conception The Immaculate Conception is the doctri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Historical Events And Politics
High Middle Ages - Britain. Main article: Britain in the Middle Ages and Scotland in the High Middle Ages In England, the Norman Conq...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Apologetics - Varieties Of Christian Apologetics
There are a variety of Christian apologetic styles and schools of thought. In the Thomistic or Classical apologetics tradition philosophi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Renaissance Of The 12th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - Renaissance Of The 12th Century - Context
The key historical trend of the High Middle Ages was the rapidly increasing population of Europe, which brought about great social and po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Types Of Christian Apologetics
There are a variety of Christian apologetic styles and schools of thought. The major types of Christian apologetics include: historical a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atonement: Encyclopedia Ii - Atonement - Atonement Theories In Christianity
Atonement - 1 - Christus Victor. Irenaeus, Eastern Orthodox Church, some Lutherans Origen, Gregory of Nyssa Atonement - 2 - Mora...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bernard Of Clairvaux: Encyclopedia Ii - Bernard Of Clairvaux - Wider Influence
Before long the abbot, who had intended to devote his life to the work of his monastery, was drawn into the affairs of the outside world....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Matthäuspassion: Encyclopedia Ii - Matthäuspassion - Structure Of The Work
Baroque musical settings of the Passion became common in the later 17th century. Like other oratorio passions, Bach's setting presents th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aosta Valley: Encyclopedia Ii - Aosta Valley - History
The first inhabitants of the Aosta Valley were Celts and Ligures, whose language lingers in some local placenames. Rome conquered the reg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Lxxiv – Lxxxiv The Pisan Cantos
With the outbreak of war in 1939, Pound was in Italy, where he remained, despite a request for repatriation he made after Pearl Harbor. D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Philosophy Of Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Philosophy Of Religion - What Is God?
The question "What is God?" is sometimes also phrased as "What is the meaning of the word 'God'?" Most philosophers expect some sort of d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Limited Atonement: Encyclopedia Ii - Limited Atonement - The Doctrine
The doctrine of the limited extent of the atonement is intimately tied up with the doctrine of the nature of the atonement and with the g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Philosophy Anniversaries: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Philosophy Anniversaries - January
List of philosophy anniversaries - 1. 1614: John Wilkins born. 1815: Charles Bernard Renouvier born. 1921: Ismail al-Faruqi born. Li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Historical Events And Politics
High Middle Ages - Britain. Main article: Britain in the Middle Ages In England, the Norman Conquest of 1066 resulted in a kingdom ru...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duns Scotus: Encyclopedia Ii - Duns Scotus - Theology
Perhaps the most influential point of Duns Scotus' theology was his defense of the Immaculate Conception of Mary. At the time, there was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scholasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Scholasticism - Scholastic Method
The scholastics would choose a book by a renowned scholar, called auctor, as a subject of investigation, for example the Bible. By readin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. John's College U. S.: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John's College U. S. - History
St. John's College was chartered in 1784 and later began granting bachelor's degrees. The first act of the newly chartered school was the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sin: Encyclopedia Ii - Sin - Christian Views Of Sin
Sin - In General. In Western Christianity, sin is often viewed as a legal infraction or contract violation, and so salvation tends to b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ontological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Ontological Argument - Criticisms And Objections
Ontological argument - Gaunilo's island. One of the earliest recorded objections to Anselm's argument was raised by one of Anselm's con...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - William Ii Of England - Power Struggles
William Rufus inherited the Anglo-Norman settlement whose details are reflected in Domesday Book (1086), a survey that could not have bee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hellenic Philosophy And Christianity: Encyclopedia Ii - Hellenic Philosophy And Christianity - Hebrew Versus Greek Thought Regarding God
The article on God goes into greater detail regarding the contrasts between the Hebrew and Hellenic concepts of God. In summary, however,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Medieval Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Medieval Literature - Types Of Writing
Medieval literature - Religious. As shown in the chart to the right, theological works were the dominant form of literature typically f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Philosophy - How One Can Reconcile Christianity With Philosophy Or Not
As with any fusion of religion and philosophy, the attempt is difficult because classical philosophers start with no preconditions for wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus - Mary And Shakespeare
In sixteenth-century England, veneration of Mary was a central issue in public controversy about the sense of Scriptural text, religious ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus - Religious Attitudes Towards Mary
Mary, the mother of Jesus - Veneration of Mary: Divisions Among Christians. Roman Catholic, Orthodox and many Anglican Christians vener...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus - Christian And Muslim Beliefs About Mary
Mary, the mother of Jesus - Immaculate Conception of Mary. Main article: Immaculate Conception The Immaculate Conception is the doctr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus - Titles Given To Mary
Mary's most common titles include the Blessed Virgin Mary or Our Lady (Notre Dame, Nuestra Señora, Madonna). The Orthodox Church refers ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Mary, The Mother Of Jesus - Historical Records
Mary, the mother of Jesus - Christian Scriptures. Little is known of Mary's personal history from the New Testament. She was a relative...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Philosophy - How One Can Reconcile Christianity With Philosophy, Or Not
As with any fusion of religion and philosophy, the attempt is difficult because classical philosophers start with no preconditions for wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - William Ii Of England - Fictional Treatments
William Rufus is a major character in Valerie Anand's historical novel, King of the Wood (1989). He is also a major character in Parke Go...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - William Ii Of England - The Rufus Stone
A stone known as the Rufus Stone marks the spot where some believe he fell. grid reference SU270124 The inscription on the Rufus Stone re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - William Ii Of England - The Court Of William Ii
William Rufus had a notorious disregard for the church; his most passionate detractors are found among clergymen. Eadmer relates two inci...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - William Ii Of England - The Unusual Death Of William Ii
Perhaps the most memorable event in the life of William Rufus was his death, which occurred while William was hunting in the New Forest. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - William Ii Of England - Early Years
William's exact date of birth is unknown, but it was sometime between the years 1056 and 1060. He was born in his father's duchy of Norma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - William Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - William Ii Of England - England And France
The division of William the Conqueror's lands into two parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the Chan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Matthäuspassion: Encyclopedia Ii - Matthäuspassion - History
Bach's St. Matthew Passion was probably written in 1727. Only two of the four (or five) settings of the Passion which Bach wrote have sur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Medieval Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Medieval Literature - Languages
Since Latin was the language of the Catholic Church, which dominated Western and Central Europe, and since the Church was virtually the o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Apologetics - Technical Usages
The term apologetics etymologically derives from the Classical Greek word apologia. In Classical Greek legal system two key technical ter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Matthäuspassion: Encyclopedia Ii - Matthäuspassion - Compositional Style
Bach’s music is as deep as the text. His recitatives are never mechanical, but set the mood for the particular passage, often highlight...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Matthäuspassion: Encyclopedia Ii - Matthäuspassion - Interpolated Texts
The arias, set to texts by Picander, are interspersed between sections of the Gospel text, and are sung by various soloists and with a va...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. John's College U. S.: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John's College U. S. - Annapolis Campus
St. John's is located in the Historic Annapolis district, one block away from the Maryland State Capitol building. Its proximity to the U...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. John's College U. S.: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John's College U. S. - Santa Fe Campus
St. John's is located at the foot of Monte Sol, on the eastern edge of Santa Fe. It was opened in 1964 due to the increase in qualified a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. John's College U. S.: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Details
St. John's College U. S. - The Great Books. The same set of Great Books is the basis of the curriculum at both campuses of St. John's C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. John's College U. S.: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John's College U. S. - Ranking And Reputation
In 1975, a St. John's graduate gave this description[13] of how a St. John's degree was received by other institutions: Bernard M. David...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. John's College U. S.: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John's College U. S. - Criticism And Controversy
St. John's curriculum has drawn criticism and inspired controversy since its inception. It went far beyond the then-existing Columbia Uni...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - St. John's College U. S.: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John's College U. S. - Curriculum Overview
The program involves: Four years of literature and philosophy in seminar Four years of mathematics Three years of laboratory science Two...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Legacy
Despite all the controversy surrounding both poem and poet, The Cantos has been influential in the development of English-language long p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Drafts And Fragments Of Cantos Cx - Cxvii
In 1958, Pound was declared incurably insane and permanently incapable of standing trial. Consequent on this, he was released from St Eli...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Xxxi – Xli Xi New Cantos
The first four cantos of this volume (Cantos XXXI - XXXVI) use extensive quotations from the letters and other writings of Thomas Jeffers...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Xvii – Xxx
Originally, Pound conceived of Cantos XVII - XXVII as a group that would follow the first volume by starting with the Renaissance and end...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - I – Xvi
Pound had been discussing the possibility of writing a long poem since around 1905, but work did not begin until sometime between 1912 an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Structure
As it lacks any plot or definite ending, The Cantos can appear on first reading to be chaotic or structureless. One early critic, R.P. Bl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Xlii – Li Fifth Decad Called Also Leopoldine Cantos
Cantos XLII, XLIII and XLIV move to the Sienese bank the Monte dei Paschi. Under the rule of the Arch Duke Pietro Leopoldo, this became a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Lii – Lxi The China Cantos
These eleven cantos are based on the first eleven volumes of the twelve-volume Histoire generale de la Chine by Joseph-Anna-Marie de Moyr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Xcvi – Cix Thrones
Thrones was the second volume of cantos written while Pound was incarcerated in St. Elizabeth's. In the same 1962 interview, Pound said o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Lxxxv – Xcv Section: Rock-drill
Pound was flown from Pisa to Washington to face trial on a charge of treason in 1946. Found unfit to stand trial because of the state of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Lxii – Lxxi The Adams Cantos
This section of the cantos is, for the most part, made up of fragmentary citations from the writings of John Adams. Pound's intentions ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Cantos: Encyclopedia Ii - The Cantos - Controversy
The Cantos has always been a controversial work, initially so because of the experimental nature of the writing. The controversy has inte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - High Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - High Middle Ages - Technology
During the 12th and 13th century in Europe there was a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Purpose
1 Peter 3:15 declares that Christians must be ready to give a reason for their faith. Christian apologetics are designed to present non-C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - History Of Christian Apologetics
Evidentialist apologetics such as today's Gary Habermas or the more introductory Christian apologetic works such as Josh McDowell or Lee ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Apologetics - Apologetics In World Religions
As the world's religions have encountered one another, apologists from within their respective faiths have emerged. One of the earliest B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Apologetics - Intellectual And Social Function Of Religious Apologetics
Apologetics serves an intellectual function within religious communities by providing arguments that support the doctrinal and ethical te...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Apologetics - Technical Usages
The term apologetics etymologically derives from the Classical Greek word "apologia". In Classical Greek legal system two key technical t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Christian Apologetics Today
Christian apologetics continues to the current day in various forms. The Roman Catholic G. K. Chesterton, the Anglican C. S. Lewis, the e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Key Print Resources And Introductory Christian Apologetic Works
Christian apologetics - Overview and reference. Bush, L. Russ. 1983. Classical Readings in Christian Apologetics AD. 100-1800.Zonderva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bernard Of Clairvaux: Encyclopedia Ii - Bernard Of Clairvaux - Bernard's Character
The greatness of St Bernard is generally regarded as being his character. The age saw him as the embodiment of its ideal: that of medieva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bernard Of Clairvaux: Encyclopedia Ii - Bernard Of Clairvaux - The Second Crusade
Far more important was his activity in the following year, when, in obedience to the pope's command, he preached to promote the Second Cr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bernard Of Clairvaux: Encyclopedia Ii - Bernard Of Clairvaux - Abbot Of The Cistercian Abbey Of Clairvaux
The little community of reformed Benedictines at Citeaux, which would have so profound an influence on Western monasticism, grew so rapid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Criticisms Of Christian Apologetics
Christian apologetic works as a whole employ both fact and opinion. Introductory Christian apologetics which are more wide in scope and b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scholasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Scholasticism - Contemporary Scholasticism
The Canadian essayist John Ralston Saul has argued in his books that much of what passes for post-modernist discourse in universities tod...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scholasticism: Encyclopedia Ii - Scholasticism - History
Scholastic philosophy usually combined logic, metaphysics and semantics into one discipline, and is generally recognized to have develope...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ontological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Ontological Argument - Revisionists
Obviously Anselm thought this argument was valid and persuasive, and it still has occasional defenders, but many, perhaps most, contempor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ontological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Ontological Argument - A Modern Description Of The Argument
Here's a short, and very general description of the ontological argument: 1) God is the greatest possible being and thus possesses all p...   » Read the article