The Algonquins or Algonkins are an aboriginal North American people speaking Algonquin, an Algonquian language. Culturally and linguistically, they are closely related to the Odawa and Ojibwe, with whom they form the larger Anishinaabe grouping. The tribe has also given its name to the much larger group of Algonkian peoples, who stretch from Virginia to the Rocky Mountains and north to Hudson Bay. Most Algonkins, however, live in Quebec; the nine Algonkin bands in that province and one in Ontario have a combined p ...

Including:

Algonquin - Economy Algonquin - History Algonquin - Modern events Algonquin - Algonkin communities

Read more here: » Algonquin: Encyclopedia - Algonquin

See also:

Sac tribe, Sac tribe - Clan system, Sac tribe - Early History, Sac tribe - Language

Read more here: » Sac tribe: Encyclopedia II - Sac tribe - Early History

The Sac may have had their original territory along the St. Lawrence River. However, migration patterns of other tribes drove them to Michigan around Saginaw Bay. Due to the yellow clay soils found around Saginaw Bay, their self-designation became Asakiwaki meaning "yellow-earth". The Ojibwe and Odaawaa name for the tribe is Ozaagii, meaning "Those at the Outlet", whence they were known by the Frech as "Sac" or by the English "Sauk". With the Anishinaabe expansion and Hurons attempts at gaining regional stability, the Sac were ...

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Sac tribe, Sac tribe - Clan system, Sac tribe - Early History, Sac tribe - Language

Read more here: » Sac tribe: Encyclopedia II - Sac tribe - Early History

Main article: History of Minnesota Minnesota - History prior to joining the United States. Before European colonization, the area now known as Minnesota was inhabited by Native Americans, in particular the Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishinaabe) and Dakota, although the Winnebago also had a presence in the southeastern part of the state. In this time, the economy originally consisted of hunter-gatherer activities, which changed over time as Europeans settled in the area and further exploited the state's natural resources. Before the arrival of Dakota and Ojibwe, Cheyenne and Gros Vent ...

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Minnesota, Minnesota - History, Minnesota - History prior to joining the United States, Minnesota - Joining the United States, Minnesota - Culture, Minnesota - Law and government, Minnesota - Geography, Minnesota - Economy, Minnesota - Major industries/products, Minnesota - Energy use and production, Minnesota - State taxes, Minnesota - Demographics, Minnesota - Ethnic groups/Ancestry groups, Minnesota - Population distribution, Minnesota - Religion, Minnesota - Education, Minnesota - Colleges and Universities, Minnesota - Professional sports teams, Minnesota - Miscellaneous information, Minnesota - Symbols and emblems, Minnesota - Naval ships named for Minnesota, Minnesota - Early explorers, Minnesota - Famous people from Minnesota, Minnesota - Mythical figures from Minnesota

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The Sioux (also Dakota) are a Native American tribe. They form one of three groups of seven tribes (the Great Sioux Nation or Seven Council Fires) that speak three different varieties of the Sioux language, including the Lakota, Santee, and Yankton-Yanktonai. Sioux - Synonymy. The name Sioux is an abbreviated form of Nadouessioux borrowed into French Canadian as Nadoüessioüak from the early Ottawa exonym: na·towe·ssiwak "Sioux". The Proto-Algonquian form ...

Including:

Sioux - Synonymy Sioux - Social divisions
Sioux - Yankton-Yanktonai Sioux - Santee Dakota Sioux - Lakota Teton
Sioux - Sioux Nation Sioux - Reservations Sioux - Derived placenames Sioux - Media Sioux - Bibliography

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Some controversy over the term Native or Native American arises from the fact that in common usage the word "native" means "born in", and thus the term "native American" could be equally applicable to anyone born into an "American" country. This confusion arises out of a failure to recognize the distinction between: (a) the common usage of the adjective "native", and (b) the usage of ...

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Native American name controversy, Native American name controversy - Indian, Native American name controversy - American, Native American name controversy - Native, Native American name controversy - Amerindian/Amerind, Native American name controversy - Indigenous, Native American name controversy - Aboriginal, Native American name controversy - Languages and cultures, Native American name controversy - Canada, Native American name controversy - Mexico, Native American name controversy - United States

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After the French and Indian War, Native American allies of the defeated French found themselves increasingly dissatisfied with the trading practices of the victorious British. The architect of British Indian policy, General Jeffrey Amherst, decided to cut back on the provisions customarily distributed to the Indians from the various forts, which he considered to be bribes. Additionally, the French had made gunpowder and ammunition readily available, which were needed by the Indians to hunt food for their families and skins for trade. However, Amherst did not trust his former Indian adversaries, and restri ...

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Chief Pontiac, Chief Pontiac - Early years, Chief Pontiac - Siege of Detroit, Chief Pontiac - Later years, Chief Pontiac - Notes

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According to their own tradition, they came from the east, advancing along the Great Lakes, and had their first major settlement, referred as their "fourth stopping place", in their present country at Sault Ste. Marie and their second major settlement, referred as their "seventh stopping place", at Shaugawaumikong (or Zhaagawaamikong, French, Chegoimegon) on the southern shore of Lake Superior, near the present La Pointe or Bayfield, Wisconsin. Their first historical mention occurs in the Jesuit Relation of 1640. Through their ...

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Ojibwa, Ojibwa - History, Ojibwa - Culture, Ojibwa - Clan system, Ojibwa - Bands and First Nations of Ojibwe people, Ojibwa - Other Tribes known by their Ojibwa/Ottawa Names, Ojibwa - Ojibwa Treaties

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Each of these main groups contain many tribes, each of whom have adapted to their environments which are all slightly different. The four main groups can be subdivided by the following geographic areas: Pacific Coast and Mountains Plains Northeast Woodlands Atlantic Coastal Region St. Lawrence River Valley Canadian Arctic See also:

First Nations, First Nations - Band First Nation and Indigenous peoples tribes or nations, First Nations - Geographic distribution, First Nations - Pacific coast and mountains, First Nations - Plains, First Nations - Northeast woodlands, First Nations - Atlantic coastal region, First Nations - St. Lawrence River Valley, First Nations - Canadian Arctic, First Nations - History, First Nations - Late 20th Century, First Nations - Early 21st Century

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They fought the Iroquois due to their rivalry in the fur trade; and formed an alliance with the Montagnais to the east in 1570. From 1603 they allied themselves with the French under Samuel de Champlain. In 1632, after Sir David Kirke's occupation of New France had demonstrated French colonial vulnerability, the French began to trade muskets to the Algonkins and other aboriginal allies. French Jesuits began to actively seek Algonkin conversions to Roman Catholicism, opening up a bitter divide ...

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Algonquin, Algonquin - Economy, Algonquin - History, Algonquin - Modern events, Algonquin - Algonkin communities

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The name Sioux is an abbreviated form of Nadouessioux borrowed into French Canadian as Nadoüessioüak from the early Ottawa exonym: na·towe·ssiwak "Sioux". The Proto-Algonquian form *nātowēwa meaning "Northern Iroquoian" has reflexes in several daughter languages that refer to a small rattlesnake (massasauga, Sistrurus). This information was interpreted by some that the Ottawa borrowing was an insult. However, this proto-Algonquian term most likely is ultimately derived from a form *-ātowē< ...

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Sioux, Sioux - Synonymy, Sioux - Social divisions, Sioux - Yankton-Yanktonai, Sioux - Santee Dakota, Sioux - Lakota Teton, Sioux - Sioux Nation, Sioux - Reservations, Sioux - Derived placenames, Sioux - Media, Sioux - Bibliography

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Lake Nipissing itself drains via the French River into Lake Huron and, to the east of Lake Nipissing, Trout Lake drains via the Mattawa River into the Ottawa River. Thus the Nipissings lived at the crossroads between two watersheds, and were key to trade to the East, West, North and South of Lake Nipissing. This watershed divide was later portaged extensively by the French in accessing the Great Lakes by canoe from settlements around Montreal. To the west their trade routes extended as far as Lake Nipigon and their Ojibway neighbours, ...

See also:

Nipissing First Nation, Nipissing First Nation - Geography, Nipissing First Nation - History, Nipissing First Nation - Society

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The Yankton-Yanktonai, the smallest division, reside on the Yankton reservation in South Dakota and the Northern portion of Standing Rock Reservation, while the Santee live mostly in Minnesota and Nebraska, but include bands in the Sisseton-Wahpeton, Flandreau, and Crow Creek Reservations in South Dakota. The Lakota are the westernmost of the three groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota. < ...

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Sioux, Sioux - Synonymy, Sioux - Social divisions, Sioux - Yankton-Yanktonai, Sioux - Santee Dakota, Sioux - Lakota Teton, Sioux - Sioux Nation, Sioux - Reservations, Sioux - Derived placenames, Sioux - Media, Sioux - Bibliography

Read more here: » Sioux: Encyclopedia II - Sioux - Social divisions

Today, one half of all Enrolled Sioux live off the Reservation. Lakota reservations recognized by the US government include: Oglala (Pine Ridge Indian Reservation) Brulé (Rosebud Indian Reservation) Hunkpapa (Standing Rock/Cheyenne River) Miniconju (Cheyenne River) Sans Arc (Cheyenne River) Two-Kettle (Cheyenne River) Santee Yanktonai (Yankton) Flandreau Sisseton-Wahpehton Lower Sioux Upper Sioux Shakopee-Mdew ...

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Sioux, Sioux - Synonymy, Sioux - Social divisions, Sioux - Yankton-Yanktonai, Sioux - Santee Dakota, Sioux - Lakota Teton, Sioux - Sioux Nation, Sioux - Reservations, Sioux - Derived placenames, Sioux - Media, Sioux - Bibliography

Read more here: » Sioux: Encyclopedia II - Sioux - Reservations

The U.S. states of North Dakota and South Dakota are named after the name Dakota. Two other U.S. states have names of Siouan origin: Minnesota is named from mni ("water") plus sota ("hazy/smoky, not clear"), while Nebraska is named from a language close to Santee, in which mni plus blaska ("flat") refers to the Platte (French for "flat") River. Also, the states Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri are named for cousin Siouan tribes, the Kansa, Iowa, and Missouri, respectively, as are the cities Omaha, Nebraska and Ponca City, Oklahoma. The names vividly demonstrate the wide dispersion o ...

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Sioux, Sioux - Synonymy, Sioux - Social divisions, Sioux - Yankton-Yanktonai, Sioux - Santee Dakota, Sioux - Lakota Teton, Sioux - Sioux Nation, Sioux - Reservations, Sioux - Derived placenames, Sioux - Media, Sioux - Bibliography

Read more here: » Sioux: Encyclopedia II - Sioux - Derived placenames

After the failure to capture Fort Detroit in 1763, Pontiac withdrew to the Illinois Country, where he continued to encourage militant resistance to British occupation. Although the British had successfully pacified the uprising in the Ohio Country, British military dominance was tenuous, and they decided to negotiate with the troublesome Ottawa leader. Thus, it was only after "Pontiac's Rebellion" was essentially over that Pontiac emerged as a genuinely important regional leader. Pontiac met with the British superintendent of Indian affairs Sir William Johnson on 25 July 1766 at Oswe ...

See also:

Chief Pontiac, Chief Pontiac - Early years, Chief Pontiac - Siege of Detroit, Chief Pontiac - Later years, Chief Pontiac - Notes

Read more here: » Chief Pontiac: Encyclopedia II - Chief Pontiac - Later years

The trade routes that had been under the Nipissings' control became increasingly desirable during the early colonial period, as the French proved a large market for the inland pelts. As a result, the Iroquois executed military campaigns against the Huron and Nipissing and, by 1647, the Nipissing regrouped in the Lake Nipigon area. The Nipissing nonetheless continued to use their historical trade routes, but at greater risk to themselves. By 1670, the Nipissing ...

See also:

Nipissing First Nation, Nipissing First Nation - Geography, Nipissing First Nation - History, Nipissing First Nation - Society

Read more here: » Nipissing First Nation: Encyclopedia II - Nipissing First Nation - History

Indigenous is the current preferred term in some anthropological and linguistic circles. Although its spelling is similar to that of "Indian", the two words are not related. Indigenous is from Latin, indigena, meaning "a native". The Spanish and Portuguese word indígenas ("indigenes") is widely used to refer to native peoples in Latin American countries today. Canadian French uses autochtones for people as the ...

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Native American name controversy, Native American name controversy - Indian, Native American name controversy - American, Native American name controversy - Native, Native American name controversy - Amerindian/Amerind, Native American name controversy - Indigenous, Native American name controversy - Aboriginal, Native American name controversy - Languages and cultures, Native American name controversy - Canada, Native American name controversy - Mexico, Native American name controversy - United States

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A First Nation is a legally undefined term that came into common usage in the 1970s to replace the term "Indian band". A band is defined as "a body of Indians for whose collective use and benefit lands have been set apart or money is held by the Crown, or declared to be a band for the purposes of the Indian Act [1]." There are currently over 600 First Nations or bands in Canada. Roughly half of these ...

See also:

First Nations, First Nations - Band First Nation and Indigenous peoples tribes or nations, First Nations - Geographic distribution, First Nations - Pacific coast and mountains, First Nations - Plains, First Nations - Northeast woodlands, First Nations - Atlantic coastal region, First Nations - St. Lawrence River Valley, First Nations - Canadian Arctic, First Nations - History, First Nations - Late 20th Century, First Nations - Early 21st Century

Read more here: » First Nations: Encyclopedia II - First Nations - Band First Nation and Indigenous peoples tribes or nations

These population figures are from Canada's Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. The Nipissing First Nation of North Bay, Ontario is also sometimes considered to belong to the Algonkin group of Anishinaabeg. ...

See also:

Algonquin, Algonquin - Economy, Algonquin - History, Algonquin - Modern events, Algonquin - Algonkin communities

Read more here: » Algonquin: Encyclopedia II - Algonquin - Algonkin communities