Some well-known types of animals, listed by their common names: alligator alpaca ant antelope badger bat bear bee beetle bird bison butterfly cat chicken chimpanzee cockroach coral cow crocodile deer dinosaur dog dolphin earthworm elephant elk fish fly fox frog< ...

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Animal, Animal - Characteristics, Animal - Structure, Animal - Reproduction and development, Animal - Origin and fossil record, Animal - Groups of animals, Animal - Deuterostomes, Animal - Ecdysozoa, Animal - Platyzoa, Animal - Lophotrochozoa, Animal - History of classification, Animal - Usage of the word animal, Animal - Examples, Animal - Reference

Read more here: » Animal: Encyclopedia II - Animal - Examples

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Computer animation, Computer animation - A simple example, Computer animation - Explanation, Computer animation - Creating characters and objects on a computer, Computer animation - Equipment, Computer animation - Technical details, Computer animation - The Future, Computer animation - Detailed examples and pseudocode, Computer animation - Movies and TV shows

Read more here: » Computer animation: Encyclopedia II - Computer animation - Detailed examples and pseudocode

In 2D computer animation, moving objects are often referred to as “sprites.” A sprite is an image that has a location associated with it. The location of the sprite is changed slightly, between each displayed frame, to make the sprite appear to move. The following pseudocode makes a sprite move from left to right: var int x := 0, y := screenHeight &div; 2; while x < screenWidth drawBackground() drawSpriteAtXY(x, y) // draw on to ...

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Computer animation, Computer animation - A simple example, Computer animation - Explanation, Computer animation - Creating characters and objects on a computer, Computer animation - Equipment, Computer animation - Technical details, Computer animation - The future, Computer animation - Detailed examples and pseudocode, Computer animation - Movies and TV shows

Read more here: » Computer animation: Encyclopedia II - Computer animation - Detailed examples and pseudocode

Animals are a major group of organisms, classified as the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa. In general they are multicellular, capable of locomotion and responsive to their environment, and feed by consuming other organisms. Their body plan becomes fixed as they develop, usually early on in their development as embryos, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on. The name animal comes from the Latin word animal, of which animalia is the plural, and ultimately from anima, meaning vita ...

Including:

• Animal - Characteristics
• Animal - Structure
• Animal - Reproduction and development
• Animal - Origin and fossil record
• Animal - Groups of animals
• Animal - Deuterostomes
• Animal - Ecdysozoa
• Animal - Platyzoa
• Animal - Lophotrochozoa
• Animal - History of classification
• Animal - Usage of the word animal
• Animal - Examples
• Animal - Reference

Read more here: » Animal: Encyclopedia - Animal

Altruism is a well-documented animal behaviour, which appears most obviously in kin relationships but may also be evident amongst wider social groups. Altruism in animals - Altruism : Kinship and reciprocity. Research in evolutionary theory has been applied to social behaviour, including altruism. Some animal altruistic behaviour is explained by kin selection. Beyond the physical exertions that mothers, and in some species fathers, undertake to protect their young, extreme examples of sacrifice ...

Including:

• Altruism in animals - Altruism : Kinship and reciprocity
• Altruism in animals - Examples of animal altruism
• Altruism in animals - Related topics

Read more here: » Altruism in animals: Encyclopedia - Altruism in animals

Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. It is a subfield of computer graphics and animation. Increasingly it is created by means of 3D computer graphics, though 2D computer graphics are still widely used. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself, sometimes the target is another medium, such as film. It is also referred to as CGI (Co ...

Including:

• Computer animation - A simple example
• Computer animation - Explanation
• Computer animation - Creating characters and objects on a computer
• Computer animation - Equipment
• Computer animation - Technical details
• Computer animation - The future
• Computer animation - Detailed examples and pseudocode
• Computer animation - Movies and TV shows

Read more here: » Computer animation: Encyclopedia - Computer animation

Cartoon physics is a joking reference to the fact that animation allows regular laws of physics to be ignored in humorous ways. For example, when a cartoon character runs off a cliff, gravity has no effect until the character notices. The phrase also reflects the fact that many of the most famous American animated cartoons, particularly those from the Warner Brothers and MGM studios, unconsciously developed a relatively consistent set of such "laws" ...

Including:

• Cartoon physics - History
• Cartoon physics - Examples
• Cartoon physics - Anvilology
• Cartoon physics - Cartoon collision physics

Read more here: » Cartoon physics: Encyclopedia - Cartoon physics

The center of mass of an object is a point at which the object's mass can be assumed, for many purposes, to be concentrated. Center of mass - Example. For example, an object can balance on a point only if its center of mass is directly above the point. Alternatively, if you hang an object from a string, the object's center of mass will be directly below the string. Center of gravity, Centroid, Pappus's centroid theorem, Center of pressure Center ...

Including:

• Center of mass - Example
• Center of mass - Comparison with center of gravity
• Center of mass - Definition
• Center of mass - More formulas
• Center of mass - Aeronautical significance
• Center of mass - Motion of the center of mass
• Center of mass - Examples
• Center of mass - Barycenter
• Center of mass - Animations

Read more here: » Center of mass: Encyclopedia - Center of mass

In science fiction, fantasy fiction and mythology, bird people are a race of people who resemble, or who are evolved from, birds. This is a common motif in movies, TV, and video games. Sometimes, the bird people are a "lost race". Bird people - Examples. Bird people - In fiction. Examples of the bird-people motif in science fiction and fantasy fiction include: The race of bird people led by Stratos in the Masters of the Universe cartoon series (and line of toys)Including:

• Bird people - Examples
• Bird people - In fiction
• Bird people - In mythology
• Bird people - In comics

Read more here: » Bird people: Encyclopedia - Bird people

A superhero is a fictional character who is noted for feats of courage and nobility, who usually has a colorful name and costume and abilities beyond those of normal human beings. A female superhero is called a superheroine. Since the definitive superhero, Superman, debuted in 1938, the stories of superheroes - ranging from episodic adventures to decades-long sagas - have become an entire genre of fiction that has dominated American comic books and crossed over into several other media. Superhero - Common t ...

Including:

• Superhero - Common traits
• Superhero - Common costume features
• Superhero - Character subtypes
• Superhero - Divergent character examples
• Superhero - History of superheroes in comic books
• Superhero - Antecedents
• Superhero - Golden Age
• Superhero - Silver Age
• Superhero - Deconstruction of the superhero
• Superhero - Struggles of the 1990s
• Superhero - Growth in diversity
• Superhero - Female characters
• Superhero - Non-Caucasian characters
• Superhero - Gay characters
• Superhero - Diversified teams
• Superhero - Treatment in other media
• Superhero - Film
• Superhero - Live-action television series
• Superhero - Animation
• Superhero - Radio
• Superhero - Prose
• Superhero - Computer games
• Superhero - Notes

Read more here: » Superhero: Encyclopedia - Superhero

Permaculture is a design system which aims to create sustainable human habitats by following nature's patterns. The word 'permaculture', coined by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren during the 1970s, is derived as a contraction of permanent agriculture, or permanent culture. The idea of permacuture is considered among the most significant innovations developed by Australian's in the century since Australian federation [1]. However like "nature", the permaculture concept evolves with time making its definition difficult ...

Including:

• Permaculture - Origins
• Permaculture - Influences
• Permaculture - Core values
• Permaculture - The permaculture design innovation
• Permaculture - Observation
• Permaculture - Patterns
• Permaculture - Permaculture Zone
• Permaculture - Links and connections
• Permaculture - Layers/'Stacking'
• Permaculture - Guilds
• Permaculture - Perennial plants
• Permaculture - Animals
• Permaculture - Annual Monoculture anti-pattern
• Permaculture - Energy
• Permaculture - Permaculture design for ecological-economic ethics
• Permaculture - Contemporary examples
• Permaculture - Africa
• Permaculture - Australia
• Permaculture - Indonesia
• Permaculture - United Kingdom

Read more here: » Permaculture: Encyclopedia - Permaculture

Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary. The creation and stockpiling of biological weapons is outlawed by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, signed by over 100 states, because a successful attack could conceivably result in thousands, possibly even millions, of deaths and could cause severe disruptions to societies and economies. Oddly ...

Including:

• Biological warfare - History
• Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics
• Biological warfare - Attacking Crops & Animals
• Biological warfare - Protective measures
• Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance
• Biological warfare - Examples of biological warfare
• Biological warfare - 1984 Rajneeshee salmonella attack
• Biological warfare - 2001 anthrax attack

Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia - Biological warfare

Animal rights, or animal liberation, is the movement to protect animals from being used or regarded as property by human beings. It is a radical social movement, insofar as it aims not merely to attain more humane treatment for animals, but also to include species other than human beings within the moral community by giving their basic interests — for example, the interest in avoiding suffering — the same consideration as our own. The claim, in other words, is that animals should no longer be regarded legally or morally as property, or treated merely as resources for human ...

Including:

• Animal rights - Overview
• Animal rights - Animal rights in philosophy
• Animal rights - Animal rights in law
• Animal rights - Animal rights in practice
• Animal rights - Criticism of animal rights
• Animal rights - Rights requires moral judgements
• Animal rights - Animal rights can be anti-human
• Animal rights - Animal welfare as a responsiblity
• Animal rights - Analogies to the Nazis
• Animal rights - Other criticisms
• Animal rights - Quotes

Read more here: » Animal rights: Encyclopedia - Animal rights

Some of the more prominent films that have featured cel-shaded graphics are: Appleseed The Animatrix short films Various sequences from Futurama, a US TV series Parts of Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex, a Japanese TV series The Tachikoma Days sequences at the end of the episodes are entirely CG using cel-shading. Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C. 2nd GIG and Innocence: Ghost in the Shell Hot Wheels Hig ...

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Cel-shaded animation, Cel-shaded animation - Process, Cel-shaded animation - Hand-drawn animation, Cel-shaded animation - Digital animation, Cel-shaded animation - History, Cel-shaded animation - Video games, Cel-shaded animation - Examples of digital cel-shading, Cel-shaded animation - Other types of animation

Read more here: » Cel-shaded animation: Encyclopedia II - Cel-shaded animation - Examples of digital cel-shading

Wisent, also called European bison, faced extinction in the early 20th century. The 3600 animals living in 2000 are all descended from 12 individuals and only two distinct Y chromosomes are left in the species. The population of American Bison fell due to overhunting, nearly leading to extinction around the year 1890 and has since begun to recover. A classic example of a population bottleneck is that of the Northern Elephant Seals, whose population fell to about 30 in the 1890's although it now numbers in the tens of thousands. Anothe ...

See also:

Population bottleneck, Population bottleneck - Humans, Population bottleneck - Examples in the animal world, Population bottleneck - Notes

Read more here: » Population bottleneck: Encyclopedia II - Population bottleneck - Examples in the animal world

Wisent, also called European bison, faced extinction in the early 20th century. The 3600 animals living in 2000 are all descended from 12 individuals and only two distinct Y chromosomes are left in the species. The population of American Bison fell due to overhunting, nearly leading to extinction around the year 1890 and has since begun to recover. A classic example of a population bottleneck is that of the Northern Elephant Seals, whose population fell to about 30 in the 1890's although it now numbers in the tens of thousands. Anothe ...

See also:

Population bottleneck, Population bottleneck - Humans, Population bottleneck - Examples in the animal world, Population bottleneck - Population bottlenecks in evolutionary theory, Population bottleneck - Notes

Read more here: » Population bottleneck: Encyclopedia II - Population bottleneck - Examples in the animal world

Research in evolutionary theory has been applied to social behaviour, including altruism. Some animal altruistic behaviour is explained by kin selection. Beyond the physical exertions that mothers, and in some species fathers, undertake to protect their young, extreme examples of sacrifice may occur. One example is matriphagy (the comsumption of the mother by her offspring) in the spider Stegodyphus. Hamilton's rule describes the benefit of such altruism in terms of Wright's coefficient of relationship to the beneficiary and the benef ...

See also:

Altruism in animals, Altruism in animals - Altruism : Kinship and reciprocity, Altruism in animals - Examples of animal altruism, Altruism in animals - Related topics

Read more here: » Altruism in animals: Encyclopedia II - Altruism in animals - Altruism : Kinship and reciprocity

Cel-shaded animation - Video games. The first 3D video game to specifically feature cel-shaded characters among FMV backgrounds as its primary animation style was Fear Effect for the Sony PlayStation, which was released in the year 2000. Later in the same year, Jet Set Radio was released in Japan for the Sega Dreamcast as a completely cel-shaded game. Though its sales in the Japanese market were relatively low, the game fared better in the US under the title Jet Grind Radio. As a result, it h ...

See also:

Cel-shaded animation, Cel-shaded animation - Process, Cel-shaded animation - Hand-drawn animation, Cel-shaded animation - Digital animation, Cel-shaded animation - History, Cel-shaded animation - Video games, Cel-shaded animation - Examples of digital cel-shading, Cel-shaded animation - Other types of animation

Read more here: » Cel-shaded animation: Encyclopedia II - Cel-shaded animation - History

In the future, some people expect the current level of animation (2D, 3D) will be replaced with virtual reality; meaning the person watching a movie will see himself in the movie as a person watching from the side. One open challenge in computer animation is a photorealistic animation of humans. Currently, most computer-animated movies show animal characters (Finding Nemo), fantasy characters (Shrek, Monsters Inc.), or cartoon-like humans (The Incredibles). The movie Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within ...

See also:

Computer animation, Computer animation - A simple example, Computer animation - Explanation, Computer animation - Creating characters and objects on a computer, Computer animation - Equipment, Computer animation - Technical details, Computer animation - The Future, Computer animation - Detailed examples and pseudocode, Computer animation - Movies and TV shows

Read more here: » Computer animation: Encyclopedia II - Computer animation - The Future

Computer animation can be created with a computer and animation software. Some examples of animation software are: Amorphium (3D), Poser (3D), Ray Dream Studio (3D), Bryce, Maya, Blender, TrueSpace (3D), 3D Studio Max (3D) and SoftImage XSI (3D) and Flash (2D). Their price will vary greatly depending on their target market. Some impressive animation can be achieved even with basic programs. However the rendering can take a lot of time on an ordinary home computer. Because of this, video game animators tend to use low resolution, low polygon ...

See also:

Computer animation, Computer animation - A simple example, Computer animation - Explanation, Computer animation - Creating characters and objects on a computer, Computer animation - Equipment, Computer animation - Technical details, Computer animation - The Future, Computer animation - Detailed examples and pseudocode, Computer animation - Movies and TV shows

Read more here: » Computer animation: Encyclopedia II - Computer animation - Equipment