angle of incidence - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Incidence Geometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Incidence Geometry - Intersection Of A Pair Of Lines
Let L1 and L2 be a pair of lines, both in a projective plane and expressed in homogeneous coordinates: L1:[m1:b1:1]L L2:[m2:b2:1]L wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - X-ray Microscope: Encyclopedia - X-ray Microscope
An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in the soft X-ray band to produce images of very small objects. Unlike visible light m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weather: Encyclopedia - Weather
Dictionary definitions from Wiktionary Textbooks from Wikibooks Quotations from Wikiquote Source texts from Wikisource Images and me...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wing: Encyclopedia - Wing
A wing is a surface used to produce an aerodynamic force normal to the direction of motion by travelling in air or another gaseous medium...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft
Fixed-wing aircraft is a term used to refer to what are more commonly known as airplanes in North American English and aeroplanes in Comm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alhazen: Encyclopedia - Alhazen
Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham (also: Ibn al Haythen), (965-1040), was a mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri, after h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Albedo: Encyclopedia - Albedo
The albedo is a measure of reflectivity of a surface or body. It is the ratio of electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation) reflected to th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Incidence Geometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Incidence Geometry - Determining The Line Passing Through A Pair Of Points
Let P1 and P2 be a pair of points, both in a projective plane and expressed in homogeneous coordinates: P1:[x1:y1:z1], P2:[x2:y2:z2]. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Incidence Geometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Incidence Geometry - Concurrence
Three lines in a projective plane are concurrent if all three of them intersect at one point. That is, given lines L1, L2, and L3; these ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Incidence Geometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Incidence Geometry - Checking For Incidence Of A Line On A Point
Given line L and point P in a projective plane, and both expressed in homogeneous coordinates, then P⊂L iff the dual of the line is per...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Incidence Geometry: Encyclopedia Ii - Incidence Geometry - Collinearity
The dual of concurrency is collinearity. Three points P1, P2, and P3 in the projective plane are collinear if they all lie on the same li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alhazen: Encyclopedia Ii - Alhazen - Life
Alhazen was born at Basra, then part of Buwayhid Persia, now part of Iraq (See [1] and [2]), and probably died in Cairo, Egypt. One accou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Total Internal Reflection: Encyclopedia Ii - Total Internal Reflection - Frustrated Total Internal Reflection
While it is true that the creation of an evanescent wave does not affect the conservation of energy under ordinary conditions, i.e. the e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Retroreflector: Encyclopedia Ii - Retroreflector - Retroreflectors On Roads
Retroreflection (sometimes called retroflection) is used on road surfaces, road signs, vehicles and clothing (large parts of the surface ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Piper Cherokee: Encyclopedia Ii - Piper Cherokee - History
The original Cherokees were the Cherokee 150 and Cherokee 160 (PA-28-150 and PA-28-160), which started production in 1961 (unless otherwi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weather: Encyclopedia Ii - Weather - Terrestrial Weather
On Earth, regularly occuring weather phenomena include such things as wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Washout: Encyclopedia Ii - Washout - Aviation
In aviation, washout refers to the practice of building a wing with a slight twist, reducing the angle of incidence from root to tip. Thi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Telescopes: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Telescopes - Achromatic Telescope
The historical sequence of events now brings us to the discovery of the achromatic telescope. The first person who succeeded in making ac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wing: Encyclopedia Ii - Wing - Artificial Wings
Wing - Terms used to describe aeroplane wings. Flaps partially deployed Full flaps Full flaps, with airbrakes and spoilers deployed for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diamond Cut: Encyclopedia Ii - Diamond Cut - Fancy Cuts
Even with modern techniques, the cutting and polishing of a diamond crystal always results in a dramatic loss of weight; rarely is it les...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia Ii - Fixed-wing Aircraft - Types Of Fixed-wing Aircraft
Fixed-wing aircraft - Propeller aircraft. Propeller airplanes make use of combustion engines, that in turn, turn a propeller, which cre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ripple Tank: Encyclopedia Ii - Ripple Tank - Reflection
Ripple tank - Demonstrating Reflection and Focusing of Mirrors. By placing a metal bar in the tank and tapping the wooden bar a pulse o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ripple Tank: Encyclopedia Ii - Ripple Tank - Diffraction
If a small obstacle is placed in the path of the ripples there is no shadow area as the ripples refract around it. If a large obstacle is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Piper Cherokee: Encyclopedia Ii - Piper Cherokee - Specifications Pa-28-161 Warrior Ii 1982-
Piper Cherokee - General characteristics. Crew: one, pilot, (co-Pilot, Optional) Capacity: 3 passengers Length: 23 ft 10 in (7.3 m) Wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Piper Cherokee: Encyclopedia Ii - Piper Cherokee - Wing Design
Originally, all Cherokees had a rectangular wing popularly called the Hershey Bar wing. Beginning with the Warrior in 1974, Piper switche...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Telescopes: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Telescopes - Reflecting Telescopes
Until Newton's discovery of the different refrangibility of light of different colours, it was generally supposed that object-glasses of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ripple Tank: Encyclopedia Ii - Ripple Tank - Refraction
If a sheet of glass is placed in the tank, the depth of water in the tank will be shallower over the glass than elsewhere. The speed of a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diamond Cut: Encyclopedia Ii - Diamond Cut - Choice Of Cut
The choice of diamond cut is often decided by the original shape of the rough stone, location of internal flaws or inclusions, the preser...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia Ii - Fixed-wing Aircraft - Designing And Constructing An Airplane
Small airplanes can be designed and constructed at home, by aviators who possess sufficient knowledge in the areas of engineering, physic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia Ii - Fixed-wing Aircraft - Industrialized Production
There are relatively few companies that produce airplanes on a large scale. However, the production of an airplane for one company is a p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia Ii - Fixed-wing Aircraft - Conventional Airplanes
Conventional airplanes -- from small planes such as the Bumble Bee II and Cessna 140 to a gigantic Antonov 225 -- consist of a longitudin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weather: Encyclopedia Ii - Weather - Basic Mechanism
Weather is driven by the different amounts of energy received from the Sun on different parts of the planet. Because of a planet's curvat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Weather: Encyclopedia Ii - Weather - Extra-terrestrial Weather
Weather phenomena and systems on other planets are thought to be similar to those on Earth, but often occur on a much bigger scale or inv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia Ii - Fixed-wing Aircraft - Safety
Statistics show that the risk of an air accident is very small. One is more likely to have an accident going to the airport in a car than...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alhazen: Encyclopedia Ii - Alhazen - Works
Alhazen was a pioneer in optics, engineering and astronomy. According to Giambattista della Porta, Alhazen was the first to explain the a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diamond Cut: Encyclopedia Ii - Diamond Cut - Cut Grading
The "Cut" of the "4-Cs" is the most difficult part for a consumer to judge when selecting a good diamond. This is because some certificat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diamond Cut: Encyclopedia Ii - Diamond Cut - History
The history of diamond cuts can be traced to the late Middle Ages, before which time diamonds were enjoyed in their natural octahedral st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diamond Cut: Encyclopedia Ii - Diamond Cut - Round Brilliant
Developed ca. 1900, the round brilliant is the most popular cut given to diamond. It is usually the best choice in terms of saleability, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diamond Cut: Encyclopedia Ii - Diamond Cut - Theory
In its rough state, a diamond is fairly unremarkable in appearance. Most gem diamonds are recovered from secondary or alluvial deposits, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia Ii - Fixed-wing Aircraft - Flight Lift
An airplane flies due to the aerodynamic reactions that happen when air passes at high speed over the wing. If you look at a cross-sectio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fixed-wing Aircraft: Encyclopedia Ii - Fixed-wing Aircraft - History
The dream of flight goes back, for Man, to the days of pre-history. Many legends, beliefs and myths of antiquity involve flight, such as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Telescopes: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Telescopes - Refracting Telescopes
There is an archeological finding of lenses is from Gotlandia in Sweden. These so-called Visby lenses can be dated to the second half of ...   » Read the article