Angina pectoris is chest pain due to ischemia (a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply) to the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries (the heart's blood vessels). Coronary artery disease, the main cause of angina, is due to atherosclerosis of the cardiac arteries. The term derives from the Greek ankhon ("strangling") and the Latin pectus ("chest"), and can therefore be translated as "a strangling feeling in the chest". Worsening ("crescendo") angina attacks, sudden-onset angin ...

Including:

• Angina - Symptoms
• Angina - Diagnosis
• Angina - Pathophysiology
• Angina - Epidemiology
• Angina - Treatment
• Angina - Unstable angina

Read more here: » Angina: Encyclopedia - Angina

See also:

Angina, Angina - Symptoms, Angina - Diagnosis, Angina - Pathophysiology, Angina - Epidemiology, Angina - Treatment, Angina - Unstable angina

Read more here: » Angina: Encyclopedia II - Angina - Unstable angina

The main goals of treatment in angina pectoris are relief of symptoms, slowing progression of the disease, and reduction of future events, especially heart attacks. An aspirin (75 mg to 100 mg) per day has been shown to be beneficial for all patients with stable angina that have no problems with its use. Beta-blockers and nitroglycerin medication are used for symptomatic relief of angina and prevention of ischemic events, and calcium c ...

See also:

Angina, Angina - Symptoms, Angina - Diagnosis, Angina - Pathophysiology, Angina - Epidemiology, Angina - Treatment, Angina - Unstable angina

Read more here: » Angina: Encyclopedia II - Angina - Treatment

The pain associated with very advanced CHD is known as angina, and usually presents as a sensation of pressure in the chest, arm pain, jaw pain, and other forms of discomfort. The word discomfort is preferred over the word pain for describing the sensation of angina, because it varies considerably among individuals in character and intensity and most people do not perceive angina as painful, unless it is severe. There is evidence that ang ...

See also:

Coronary heart disease, Coronary heart disease - Overview, Coronary heart disease - Pathophysiology, Coronary heart disease - Angina, Coronary heart disease - Prevention, Coronary heart disease - Preventive Diets, Coronary heart disease - Recent research

Read more here: » Coronary heart disease: Encyclopedia II - Coronary heart disease - Angina

Most patients with angina complain of chest discomfort rather than actual pain, the discomfort is usually described as a pressure, heaviness, squeezing, burning, or choking sensation. Anginal pain may be localized primarily in the epigastrium (upper central abdomen), back, neck, jaw, or shoulders. Typical locations for radiation of pain are arms, shoulders, and neck. Angina typically is precipitated by exertion or emotional stress, and exacerbated by having a full stomach or cold temperatures (the "4 Es": exertion, emotion, eating and extrem ...

See also:

Angina, Angina - Symptoms, Angina - Diagnosis, Angina - Pathophysiology, Angina - Epidemiology, Angina - Treatment, Angina - Unstable angina

Read more here: » Angina: Encyclopedia II - Angina - Symptoms

This article explain the revolutionary, yet ancient, method of massage/healing developed by Dieter Dorn.

Read more here: » Introduction to Gentle, Manual Joint- and Back-Therapy (GMT) by Dieter Dorn

Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerotic heart disease, is the end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart). While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, ...

Including:

• Coronary heart disease - Overview
• Coronary heart disease - Pathophysiology
• Coronary heart disease - Angina
• Coronary heart disease - Prevention
• Coronary heart disease - Preventive Diets
• Coronary heart disease - Recent research

Read more here: » Coronary heart disease: Encyclopedia - Coronary heart disease

In medicine, chest pain is a symptom of a number of serious conditions and is generally considered a medical emergency, unless the patient is a known angina pectoris sufferer and the symptoms are familiar (appearing at exertion and resolving at rest, known as "stable angina"). Chest pain - Causes. Chest pain - Cardiopulmonary. Important cardiovascular and pulmonary causes of chest pain: Angina pectoris "Unstable" AP - this is an emergency and can res ...

Including:

• Chest pain - Causes
• Chest pain - Cardiopulmonary
• Chest pain - Other causes
• Chest pain - Analysis
• Chest pain - Interpretation

Read more here: » Chest pain: Encyclopedia - Chest pain

An antianginal is any drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. Drugs used are nitrates such as nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate) or pentaerythritol tetranitrate; beta blockers, either cardioselectives such as acebutolol or metoprolol, or non-cardioselectives such as oxprenolol or sotalol; or calcium channel blockers, either Class I agents (e.g., verapamil), Class II agents (e.g., amlodipi ...

Read more here: » Antianginal: Encyclopedia - Antianginal

Amlodipine C08CA01 Amlodipine (as besylate or malleate) is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used as an anti-hypertensive and in the treatment of angina. Amlodipine is marketed as Norvasc® and under various other names. As other calcium channel blockers, amlodipine acts by relaxing the smooth muscle in the arterial wall, decreasing peripheral resistance and hence improving blood pressure; in ...

Including:

• Amlodipine - Side effects

Read more here: » Amlodipine: Encyclopedia - Amlodipine

In Roman mythology, Angerona or Angeronia was an old Roman goddess, whose name and functions are variously explained. According to ancient authorities, she was a goddess who relieved men from pain and sorrow, or delivered the Romans and their flocks from angina (quinsy). Also she was a protecting goddess of Rome and the keeper of the sacred name of the city, which might not be pronounced lest it should be revealed to her enemies. It was even thought that Angerona itself was this name; a late antique source suggests it wa ...

Read more here: » Angerona: Encyclopedia - Angerona

Nausea (Greek Ναυτεία) is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit. Nausea - Causes. Nausea is a symptom of many conditions. It is also an adverse effect of many drugs. In medicine, nausea is a particular problem during some chemotherapy regimens and following general anaesthesia. Nausea is also a common symptom of pregnancy. Other causes include: altitude sickness, angina, brain tumor, cirrhosis, clinical depression, coeliac disea ...

Including:

• Nausea - Causes
• Nausea - Treatment

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Verapamil C08DA01 Verapamil (brand names: Isoptin®, Verelan®, Calan®) is a medical drug that acts as an L-type calcium channel blocker. It is used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia. Verapamil is generally effective for migraine but it takes about 2 weeks to work. Verapamil is effective in migraine variants such as hemiplegic migraine (Yu and Horowitz, 2003). It also may be helpful in Menieres disease, although this has not yet been documented by a controlled study. Nimodipine has be ...

Including:

• Verapamil - Source

Read more here: » Verapamil: Encyclopedia - Verapamil

A cardiac stress test is a medical test performed to evaluate relative arterial blood flow increases to the heart muscles during exercise, as compared to resting blood flow rates (i.e. myocardial perfusion reserve). Stress tests also reveal overall physical fitness. Stress test abnormalities reflect major imbalances of blood flow to the left ventricular muscle more so than in other regions. Such stenoses are the usual basis for stable or reproducible exercise related angina and reflect adv ...

Including:

• Cardiac stress test - Test Overview
• Cardiac stress test - Purpose
• Cardiac stress test - Variations
• Cardiac stress test - Diagnostic Value
• Cardiac stress test - Risks
• Cardiac stress test - Further Research
• Cardiac stress test - Reference

Read more here: » Cardiac stress test: Encyclopedia - Cardiac stress test

For the 1990s alternative rock group, see Veruca Salt (band) Veruca Salt is a character from the book Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, written by Roald Dahl. She appears in the two film adaptations, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the 1971 adaptation, she is portrayed by Julie Dawn Cole, and in the 2005 adaptation, she is portrayed by Julia Winter. Veruca is the only child of the wealthy couple, Henry Salt and Angina Salt (a geography teacher in the revised book only, and named Henrietta ...

Including:

• Veruca Salt - Veruca in the book and films
• Veruca Salt - Veruca's downfall
• Veruca Salt - Veruca's Name
• Veruca Salt - Veruca Salt Song
• Veruca Salt - Plot
• Veruca Salt - Times sung
• Veruca Salt - Portion of lyrics

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Alkyl nitrites are a group of organic compounds with the general formula R-O-N=O, where R is any organic group. Amyl nitrite has historically been used for the treatment of angina, among other legitimate medicinal uses. Other alkyl nitrites, including butyl nitrite, isobutyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite, ethyl nitrite, methyl nitrite as well as the disputed cyclohexyl nitrite, have been widely used for 40 years as the primary ingredients in room odorizer products and as recreational drug. The vapours of the alkyl nitrite are inhaled dir ...

Including:

• Alkyl nitrites - Basics
• Alkyl nitrites - Users
• Alkyl nitrites - Chemistry
• Alkyl nitrites - Health hazards
• Alkyl nitrites - Medical uses
• Alkyl nitrites - Disclaimers of manufacturers
• Alkyl nitrites - Street names

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A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or heart bypass is a surgical procedure performed in patients with coronary artery disease (see atherosclerosis) for the relief of angina and possible improved heart muscle function. Veins or arteries from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries, bypassing coronary artery narrowings caused by atherosclerosis and improving the blood supply to the myocardium (heart muscle). Coronary artery bypass surgery - Prognosis. Prognosis f ...

Including:

• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Prognosis
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Technical description
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Conduits used for bypass
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - History

Read more here: » Coronary artery bypass surgery: Encyclopedia - Coronary artery bypass surgery

Symptoms typically occur at rest, rather than on exertion. 2/3 of patients have concurrent atherosclerosis of a major coronary artery, but this is often mild or not in proportion to the degree of symptoms. It is associated with specific ECG changes (elevation rather than depression of the ST segment) ...

See also:

Prinzmetal's angina, Prinzmetal's angina - Features, Prinzmetal's angina - Diagnosis, Prinzmetal's angina - Treatment, Prinzmetal's angina - Reference

Read more here: » Prinzmetal's angina: Encyclopedia II - Prinzmetal's angina - Features

Patients who develop cardiac chest pain are generally treated empirically as an "acute coronary syndrome", and are generally tested for cardiac enzymes such as creatine kinase isoenzymes or troponin I or T. These may show a degree of positivity, as coronary spasm too can cause myocardial damage. Echocardiography or thallium scintigraphy is often performed. The gold standard is coronary angiography with injection of provocative agents into the coronary artery. Rarely, an active spasm can be documented angiographically (e.g. if the pati ...

See also:

Prinzmetal's angina, Prinzmetal's angina - Features, Prinzmetal's angina - Diagnosis, Prinzmetal's angina - Treatment, Prinzmetal's angina - Reference

Read more here: » Prinzmetal's angina: Encyclopedia II - Prinzmetal's angina - Diagnosis

Calcium channel blockers work by blocking voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the heart and in the blood vessels. This prevents calcium levels from increasing as much in the cells when stimulated, leading to less contraction. This decreases total peripheral resistance by dilating the blood vessels, and decreases cardiac output by lowering the force of contraction. Because resistance and output drop, so does blood pressure. With low blood pressure, the heart does not have to work as hard, t ...

See also:

Calcium channel blocker, Calcium channel blocker - Mechanism of action, Calcium channel blocker - List of calcium channel blockers, Calcium channel blocker - Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, Calcium channel blocker - Phenylalkylamine calcium channel blockers, Calcium channel blocker - Benzothiazepine calcium channel blockers, Calcium channel blocker - Other, Calcium channel blocker - Other drugs with similar uses

Read more here: » Calcium channel blocker: Encyclopedia II - Calcium channel blocker - Mechanism of action