Ancient warfare

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Ancient warfare

Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of history to the end of the ancient period. In Europe, the end of antiquity is often equated with the fall of Rome in 476. In China, it can also be seen as ending in the fifth century, with the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever-growing threat from the north. Ancient warfare - Overview. The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is less one of technology than of organization. The development of first city-states, a ...

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Ancient warfare - Overview

Ancient warfare - Tactics and weapons

Ancient warfare - Cultures

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia II - Ancient warfare - Cultures Ancient warfare - Chinese. Main article: Military history of China Ancient China during the Shang Dynasty was a Bronze Age society based on chariot armies. Archaeological study of Shang sites at Anyang have revealed extensive examples of chariots and bronze weapons. The overthrow of the Shang by the Zhou saw the creation of a feudal social order, resting militarily on a c ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Ancient history

Ancient history is the study of significant cultural and political events from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. Although the ending date is largely arbitrary, most Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 as the traditional end of ancient history. Another term that is often used to refer to ancient history is antiquity, although this term is most often used to refer specifically to ...

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Ancient history - The study of ancient history

Ancient history - Chronology

Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history

Ancient history - References and further reading

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Zhang surname

Zhang (Traditional Chinese: 張, Simplified Chinese: 张, pinyin: Zhāng, Wade-Giles: Chang, Yale: Jeung, Jyutping: Zoeng1, Hong Kong Government: Cheung) is among the most common Chinese surnames. There are currently well over 100 million people worldwide with this surname. The use of this surname dates back to about 4,700 years ago. This surname is often mispronounced by American English speakers as IPA [ʒæŋ]; its actual pronunciatio ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Chi You

In Chinese and Korean mythology, Chi You is a war deity. For Hmongs, Chi You is a sagacious mythical king. Some Koreans see Chi You as a mythical emperor of ancient Korea, mythology of which is either traditional or formed in 20th century. Chi You is also sometimes known as Qi Yu, the god of rain, and a descendant of Shen Nong, the inventor of agriculture. His appearance is half giant, half bull, with the front of his head covered with (or made of) iron. ...

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Read more here: » Chi You: Encyclopedia - Chi You

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Dao sword

Dao (Chinese: 刀; Hanyu Pinyin: dāo; Wade-Giles: tao1) is a category of single-edge Chinese swords primarily used for slashing and chopping (sabers), often called broadswords in English because some varieties have wide blades. Dao is actually a generic word used to denote any member of a family of single-edged, broad-bladed cutting or slicing tools, but in common, everyday usage means knife. The weapon, also known as dan dao (single knife), is thereby thought to be an adaptatio ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - The Art of War

The Art of War (Chinese: 孫子兵法; Hanyu Pinyin: Sūn Zĭ Bīng Fǎ; literally "Sun Tzu's Military Strategy") is a Chinese military treatise written during the 6th century BC by Sun Tzu. Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare, it has long been praised as the definitive work on military strategies and tactics. It is one of the most famous studies of strategy and has had a huge influence ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Chemical warfare

Chemical warfare is warfare (and associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy. Chemical warfare is different from the use of conventional weapons or nuclear weapons because the destructive effects of chemical weapons are not primarily due to any explosive force. The offensive use of living organisms (such as anthrax) is considered to be biological warfare rather than chemical warfare; the use of nonliving toxic products produced by living organisms (e ...

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Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare technology

Chemical warfare - Sociopolitical climate of chemical warfare

Chemical warfare - History

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Chinese art

Life in the People's Republic of China Chinese art is art, whether modern or ancient, that originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists or performers. Early so-called "stone age art" dates back to 10,000 BC, mostly consisting of simple pottery and sculptures. This early period was followed by a series of art dynasties, most of which lasted several hundred years. The art of Taiwan and that of Chinese Emigrants can also be considered part of Chinese art where it is based in or draws on the heritage of Chines ...

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Chinese art - Historical development to 221 BC

Chinese art - Early imperial China 221 BC–AD 220

Chinese art - Period of division 220–581

Chinese art - The Sui and Tang dynasties 581–960

Chinese art - The Song and Yuan dynasties 960–1368

Chinese art - Late imperial China 1368–1895

Chinese art - Modern Chinese art

Chinese art - Contemporary art since 1979

Chinese art - Unsorted

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Spear

A spear is an ancient weapon used for hunting and war, consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a sharpened head. The head may be simply the sharpened end of the shaft itself, as is the case with bamboo spears, or it may be of another material fastened to the shaft. The most common design is of a metal spearhead, shaped somewhat like a dagger. The spear is far and away the most common type of pole weapon, and may be seen as the ancestor of such weapons as the lance, the halberd, the naginata and the pike. Also a bayonet mou ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Black powder

Black powder is a type of gunpowder invented in the 9th century and was practically the only known propellant and explosive until the middle of the 19th century. It has been superseded by more efficient explosives such as smokeless powders and TNT. It is still manufactured today but primarily for use in fireworks, model rocket engines, and reproductions of muzzleloading weapons. Black powder - Description. Black powder consists of the granular ingredients sulphur (S), charcoal (provides carbon to the reacti ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Henan

Henan (Chinese: 河南; Hanyu Pinyin: Hénán; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is 豫 (pinyin: yù), named after Yuzhou Province (豫州 Yù Zhōu), a Han Dynasty province (zhou) that included parts of Henan. The name Henan means "south of the (Yellow) River" (Huang He). With nearly 100 million people, Henan ...

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Henan - Colleges and Universities

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Swordsmanship

Swordsmanship refers to the skills of a swordsman, a person versed in fencing with a sword. The term is modern, and as such was mainly used to refer to smallsword fencing, but by extension it can also be applied to European Medieval warfare. Swordsman translates gladiator, the term for the professional fencers of Ancient Rome. Several modern sports and martial arts have components based upon older principles of swordfighting. Among these are fencing, kendo, iaido, ken ...

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Swordsmanship - Styles of swordfighting

Swordsmanship - Chronology

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Srivijaya

Srivijaya (200s-1400) was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. Records of its beginning are scarce while estimations range from the 200s to the 500s. The kingdom ceased to exist around 1400. In Sanskrit, sri means 'shining' or 'radiant' and vijaya means victory or excellence. Srivijaya - Formation and growth. Around year 500, Srivijayan roots begun to develop around present-day Palembang, Sumatra in Indonesia. Chinese records dated 6 ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Xiongnu

The Xiongnu (Chinese: 匈奴; Hanyu Pinyin: Xiōngnú; Wade-Giles: Hsiung-nu) were a nomadic (and probably Hunnic/proto-Bulgar) people of Central Asia, generally based in present day Mongolia. From the 3rd century BC they controlled a vast steppe empire extending west as far as the Caucasus. They were active in the areas of southern Siberia, western Manchuria and the modern Chinese provinces of Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang. Very anci ...

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Xiongnu - Nature of the Xiongnu state

Read more here: » Xiongnu: Encyclopedia - Xiongnu

Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia - Warring States Period

The Warring States Period (traditional Chinese: 戰國時代, simplified Chinese: 战国时代 pinyin Zhànguó Shídài) takes place from sometime in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by Qin in 221 BC. It is nominally considered to be the second part of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, following the Spring and Autumn Period. Like the Spring and Autumn Period, the king of Zhou acted merely as a figurehead. The name Warring States Period was named after Record of the Warring States compiled in early Han Dynasty. The ...

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Ancient warfare - Chinese: Encyclopedia II - Military history of China - Legalism and Confucianism

Legalist thinkers from Shang Yang to Li Si, both Prime Ministers of Qin, held that the society should be socially regimented and bureaucratically administered. Although legalism as political theory was discredited after the fall of the Qin Dynasty, it left the structure of an autocratic, centralised empire that remained the master institution of Chinese military history. Officials of successive dynasties thus had the mean to raise tax revenues and to mobilize the popula ...

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