Ancient Roman Christianity

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denomination ...

Including:

• Saint James the Just - Name
• Saint James the Just - Life
• Saint James the Just - Death
• Saint James the Just - Influence
• Saint James the Just - Brother half-brother step-brother or cousin of Jesus
• Saint James the Just - The ossuary
• Saint James the Just - Bibliography

Read more here: » Saint James the Just: Encyclopedia - Saint James the Just

A Disciple (from the Latin discipulus, a pupil) is one who receives instruction from another; a scholar; a learner; especially, a follower who has learned to believe in the truth of the doctrine of his teacher, and implies that the pupil is under the discipline of, and "understands", his teacher; an adherent in doctrine.[1] Disciple should not be confused with apostle, meaning "one who is sent" or "ambassador". While a disciple is one who learns from a teacher, an apostle is sent on a mission ...

Including:

• Disciple - Uses of Disciple
• Disciple - Followers of Jesus of Nazareth
• Disciple - As named in the Gospel of Luke

Read more here: » Disciple: Encyclopedia - Disciple

The book of Revelation or The Apocalypse of John (IPA: /əˈpɑkəlɪps/, from Greek ἀποκάλυψις ἀπο or apo- ["away from"] and κάλυψις or kaluptein ["cover"]—meaning literally "to pull the cover away from") is the last canonical book of the New Testament in the Bible. It is the only biblical book that is wholly composed of apocalyptic literature. The book is frequently called ...

Including:

• Book of Revelation - Authorship Audience and Date
• Book of Revelation - Major Schools of Interpretation
• Book of Revelation - Interpretative Views of Revelation as Biblical Prophecy
• Book of Revelation - The Preterist View
• Book of Revelation - The Futurist View
• Book of Revelation - The Historicist View
• Book of Revelation - The Spiritual or Idealist View
• Book of Revelation - The Eastern Orthodox View
• Book of Revelation - Historical-Critical Interpretation
• Book of Revelation - The Beast from the Sea
• Book of Revelation - The Beast from the Earth
• Book of Revelation - Footnotes
• Book of Revelation - Directly related
• Book of Revelation - General

Read more here: » Book of Revelation: Encyclopedia - Book of Revelation

Saint Adrian of Nicomedia, also called Saint Hadrian of Nicomedia, (in Latin: Sanctus Adrianus Nicomediae) was a Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian. After becoming a convert to Christianity, Adrian was martyred at Nicomedia on March 4, 303 or 304. It is said that while presiding over the torture of a band of Christians he asked them what reward they expected to receive from God. They replied, "Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for ...

Read more here: » Adrian of Nicomedia: Encyclopedia - Adrian of Nicomedia

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations ...

Including:

• Ante-Nicene Fathers - Publication
• Ante-Nicene Fathers - External link

Read more here: » Ante-Nicene Fathers: Encyclopedia - Ante-Nicene Fathers

Ambrose of Alexandria (died about 250 AD) was a friend of Origen. Attracted by Origen's fame as a teacher, he visited his school about 212, and was converted by Origen from the heresy of the Valentinians to the orthodox faith (Eusebius, Church History, VI. xviii. 1). He was a sufferer during the persecution under Maximinus Thrax in 235 (Eusebius of Caesarea, Church History, VI. xxviii.), and is last mentioned in Origen's Contra Celsum ...

Read more here: » Ambrose of Alexandria: Encyclopedia - Ambrose of Alexandria

Saint Alexander (between 237 and 244 - 337), bishop of Byzantium and first bishop of Constantinople until his death, as the city was then called (Theod. Hist. i. 19) for about 23 years. His consecration, which was variously dated between AD 313 and 317, took place when he was 73 years of age (Socrates Scholasticus Hist. ii. 6; Sozomen Hist. iii. 3).† His feast day is on August 31. Alexander was highly praised by Gregory Nazianzus (Or. 27) and Epiphanius of Cyprus (adv. Haer. lxix. 10). Theodoret called hi ...

Including:

• Alexander of Constantinople - Sources

Read more here: » Alexander of Constantinople: Encyclopedia - Alexander of Constantinople

Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately 42). The Church belongs to the Oriental Orthodoxy, and the see of Alexandria in Coptic Christianity has been a distinct church body since the Council of Chalcedon in 451. Her leader is the Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of the Holy See of Saint Mark, currently Pope Shenouda III. More than 95% of Egypt's Christians belong to the Coptic Orthodox C ...

Including:

• Coptic Christianity - History
• Coptic Christianity - The Catechetical School of Alexandria Egypt
• Coptic Christianity - Monasticism and missionary work
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Nicea
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Constantinople
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Ephesus
• Coptic Christianity - Council of Chalcedon
• Coptic Christianity - From Chalcedon to the Arab conquest of Egypt
• Coptic Christianity - The Arab conquest of Egypt
• Coptic Christianity - From the 19th century to the 1952 revolution
• Coptic Christianity - Coptic Christianity today
• Coptic Christianity - Prominent Copts
• Coptic Christianity - Bibliography

Read more here: » Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia - Coptic Christianity

The Codex Alexandrius (London, British Library, MS Royal 1. D. V-VIII) is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Septuagint and the New Testament. Along with the Codex Sinaiticus and the Codex Vaticanus, it is one of the earliest and most complete manuscripts of the Bible. It derives its name from the Alexandria where it is believed to have been made. In 1627 the Patriarch of Constantinople, Cyril Lucar, who had previously been the Patriarch of Alex ...

Including:

• Codex Alexandrinus - External link

Read more here: » Codex Alexandrinus: Encyclopedia - Codex Alexandrinus

Clementine literature (also called Clementia, Pseudo-Clementine Writings, The Preaching of Peter etc.) is the name given to the religious romance which purports to contain a record made by one Clement (whom the narrative identifies as both Pope Clement I, and Domitian's cousin Titus Flavius Clemens) of discourses involving the apostle Peter, together with an account of the circumstances under which Clement came to be Peter's travelling companion, and of other details of Clement's family history. This romance has h ...

Including:

• Clementine literature - Narrative
• Clementine literature - External link

Read more here: » Clementine literature: Encyclopedia - Clementine literature

Apollinarism or Apollinarianism was a view proposed by Apollinaris of Laodicea that Jesus had a human body but a divine mind. It was declared to be a heresy in 381 by the First Council of Constantinople, since Christ was officially depicted as fully human and fully God. Followers of Apollinarianism were accused of attempting to create a tertium quid. Categories: Ancient Roman Christianity | Heresies ...

Read more here: » Apollinarism: Encyclopedia - Apollinarism

Cyril of Jerusalem was a distinguished theologian of the early Church (315 - 386). He is venerated as a saint by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. In 1883 the Holy See declared him a Doctor of the Church. Cyril of Jerusalem - Life and character. Little is known of his life before he became bishop; the assignment of the year 315 for his birth rests on mere conjecture. He seems to have been ordained deacon by Bishop Macarius of Jerusalem about 335, and priest some ten yea ...

Including:

• Cyril of Jerusalem - Life and character
• Cyril of Jerusalem - Theological position
• Cyril of Jerusalem - Catechetical lectures

Read more here: » Cyril of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia - Cyril of Jerusalem

Gaius Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (Latin: IMP CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS ¹) (February 27, 272–May 22, 337), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or (among Orthodox Christians) Saint Constantine, was proclaimed Augustus by his troops on July 25, 306 and ruled an ever-growing portion of the Roman Empire until his death. Constantine is famed for his refounding of Byzantium (modern Istanbul) as "Nova Roma" (New Rome) or Constantinople (Const ...

Including:

• Constantine I emperor - Early life
• Constantine I emperor - Constantine and Christianity
• Constantine I emperor - Persian reaction
• Constantine I emperor - Constantine's life and actions after the Edict of Milan
• Constantine I emperor - Later life
• Constantine I emperor - Constantine's legal standards
• Constantine I emperor - Constantine's courts and appointees
• Constantine I emperor - Constantine's legacy
• Constantine I emperor - Legend and Donation of Constantine
• Constantine I emperor - Constantine in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia
• Constantine I emperor - Notes
• Constantine I emperor - References and further reading

Read more here: » Constantine I emperor: Encyclopedia - Constantine I emperor

Confessions is the name of a series of thirteen autobiographical books by St. Augustine of Hippo written between 397 and 398 AD. In modern times, the books are usually published as a single volume known as The Confessions of St. Augustine in order to distinguish the book from other books with similar titles such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Confessions. The book tells about his sinful youth and how he converted to Christianity. It is widely seen as the first Western autobiography ever written, and woul ...

Including:

• Confessions St. Augustine - Themes of the books
• Confessions St. Augustine - Links

Read more here: » Confessions St. Augustine: Encyclopedia - Confessions St. Augustine

Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus is an early 5th century Greek manuscript of the Bible, the last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts of the Greek Bible (see Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Vaticanus). It receives its name, as a codex in which the treatises of Ephraem the Syrian, in Greek translations, were written over ("rescriptus") a former text that had been washed off its vellum pages, thus forming a palimpsest. The later text was produced in the 12th century. The effacement ...

Including:

• Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus - Reference

Read more here: » Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus: Encyclopedia - Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus

Felix II is generally considered an antipope rather than a pope. In 356 he was raised from the archdeaconate of Rome to the Papal chair, when Liberius was banished by the emperor Constantius for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Athanasius. Felix's election was contrary to the wishes both of the clergy and of the people, and the consecration ceremony was performed by certain prelates belonging to the court. In 357, at the urgent request of an influential deputation of Roman ladies, Constantius agreed to the re ...

Including:

• Antipope Felix II - External link

Read more here: » Antipope Felix II: Encyclopedia - Antipope Felix II

The Athanasian Creed (Quicunque vult) is a statement of Christian doctrine traditionally ascribed to St. Athanasius, Archbishop of Alexandria, who lived in the 4th century. However most of today's historians agree that in all probability it was originally written in Latin, not in Greek, and thus Athanasius cannot have been the original author. Its theology is closely akin to that found in the writing of western theologians, especially Ambrose of Milan. It was designed to overcome Arianism. Liturgically, this Creed was recited at the Sunday Office of Prime in th ...

Including:

• Athanasian Creed - English-Language Translations
• Athanasian Creed - The ICET English Language Translation
• Athanasian Creed - Book of Common Prayer 1662 Church of England
• Athanasian Creed - Scholarly edition and annotated translation

Read more here: » Athanasian Creed: Encyclopedia - Athanasian Creed

Saint Jerome (ca. 347 – September 30, 420), (full name Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus) is best known as the translator of the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin. Jerome's edition, the Vulgate, is still the official biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church. He is recognized by the Vatican as a Doctor of the Church. In the artistic tradition of the Roman Catholic Church it has been usual to represent him, the patron of theological learning, as a cardinal, by the side of the Bishop Augustine, the Archbishop A ...

Including:

• Jerome - Life
• Jerome - Writings
• Jerome - Translations
• Jerome - Historical writings
• Jerome - Letters
• Jerome - Theological writings
• Jerome - Theological position

Read more here: » Jerome: Encyclopedia - Jerome

The origins of Pauline Christianity lie in the teachings of Paul of Tarsus, who declared himself the "Apostle to the Gentiles," and its development in his circle and among his followers. In the history of Christianity (q.v. for detailed discussion), "Pauline Christianity" is a term commonly employed to specify the eventually dominant form taken by "official" or "catholic" (signifying "universal") Christianity, though it is also used in a technical sense for the teachings of Paul as recorded in the authentic Letters of Pa ...

Including:

• Pauline Christianity - Origins and Acceptance
• Pauline Christianity - Rival Doctrines
• Pauline Christianity - Development and The Apostle James
• Pauline Christianity - Modern Viewpoint
• Pauline Christianity - External link

Read more here: » Pauline Christianity: Encyclopedia - Pauline Christianity

The Circumcellions, also known as the "agonistici", were a donatist sect in North Africa that overvalued martyrdom and had a special devotion for the martyrs, rendering honors to their graves. The Circumcellions had come to regard martyrdom as the true Christian virtue (as Church Father Tertullian said, a martyr's death day was actually his birthday), and thus came to disregard chastity, sobriety, humility, charity, and other virtues. Instead, they focused on br ...

Read more here: » Circumcellions: Encyclopedia - Circumcellions