Ancient history - Prehistory. 10th millennium BC - invention of agriculture is the earliest given date for the beginning of Ancient Era 5th millennium BC-Possible introduction of writing, Tartaria tablets in the lower Danube Valley date from this period 4th millennium BC - First writings in the cities of Uruk and Susa (cuneiform writings); hieroglyphs in Egypt 33rd c ...

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Ancient history, Ancient history - The study of ancient history, Ancient history - Archaeology, Ancient history - Primary sources, Ancient history - Chronology, Ancient history - Prehistory, Ancient history - Important events, Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe, Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history, Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean, Ancient history - East Asia, Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia, Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa, Ancient history - The Americas, Ancient history - References and further reading

Read more here: » Ancient history: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history - Chronology

See also:

Ancient history, Ancient history - The study of ancient history, Ancient history - Archaeology, Ancient history - Primary sources, Ancient history - Chronology, Ancient history - Prehistory, Ancient history - Important events, Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe, Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history, Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean, Ancient history - East Asia, Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia, Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa, Ancient history - The Americas, Ancient history - References and further reading

Read more here: » Ancient history: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history - Chronology

Egyptian history is broken into several different periods according to the dynasty of the ruling pharaoh. The dating of events in Egyptian history is still a subject of research. The conservative dates are not supported by any reliable absolute date for a span of about three millennia. The following is the list according to conventional Egyptian chronology. Predynastic Period (Prior to 3100 BC) Protodynastic Period (Approximately 3100 - 3000 BC) Early Dynastic Period (1st–2nd Dynasties) Old Kingdom ( ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology

Ancient history is the study of significant cultural and political events from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. Although the ending date is largely arbitrary, most Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 as the traditional end of ancient history. Another term that is often used to refer to ancient history is antiquity, although this term is most often used to refer specifically to ...

Including:

Ancient history - The study of ancient history
Ancient history - Archaeology Ancient history - Primary sources
Ancient history - Chronology
Ancient history - Prehistory Ancient history - Important events Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe
Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history
Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean Ancient history - East Asia Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa Ancient history - The Americas
Ancient history - References and further reading

Read more here: » Ancient history: Encyclopedia - Ancient history

Ancient history - Prehistory. c. 40th millennium BC - Australia first reached by humans c. 35th millennium BC - Europe first reached by humans 14th to 10th millennium BC - Americas first reached by humans 10th millennium BC - invention of agriculture is the earliest given date for the beginning of Ancient Era 5th millennium BC - Possible invention of writing, Tartaria tablets in the lower Danube Valley date from this period 4th millennium BC - First writings in the cities of Uruk and Susa (cuneiform writings); hieroglyphs in Egypt 33rd c ...

See also:

Ancient history, Ancient history - The study of ancient history, Ancient history - Archaeology, Ancient history - Primary sources, Ancient history - Chronology, Ancient history - Prehistory, Ancient history - Important events, Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe, Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history, Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean, Ancient history - East Asia, Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia, Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa, Ancient history - The Americas, Ancient history - References and further reading

Read more here: » Ancient history: Encyclopedia II - Ancient history - Chronology

Ancient history is the study of significant cultural and political events from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. Although the ending date is largely arbitrary, most Western scholars use the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 as the traditional end of ancient history. Another term that is often used to refer to ancient history is antiquity, although this term is most often used to refer specifically to ...

Including:

Ancient history - The study of ancient history
Ancient history - Primary sources
Ancient history - Chronology
Ancient history - Prehistory Ancient history - Important events Ancient history - End of ancient history in Europe
Ancient history - Some prominent civilizations of ancient history
Ancient history - Europe and the Mediterranean Ancient history - East Asia Ancient history - Central and Southwest Asia Ancient history - Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa Ancient history - The Americas
Ancient history - References and further reading

Read more here: » Ancient history: Encyclopedia - Ancient history

The Kypria (Greek: Κύπρια; Latin: Cypria) is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature. It was one of the Trojan War cycle, that is, the "Trojan" cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic verse. The story of the Kypria comes chronologically at the beginning of the Epic Cycle, and is followed by that of the Iliad. The Kypria was usually attributed by ancient writers to Stasinos of Kypros, though not without argument. The poem comprised eleven books of verse in dactylic hexameter.

Kypria - Date Kypria - Content Kypria - Reception Kypria - Editions

Read more here: » Kypria: Encyclopedia - Kypria

Alba Longa (in Italian sources occasionally written Albalonga) was an ancient city of Latium, founder and head of the Latin Confederation; it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. Alba Longa - Legendary history. According to legend Alba Longa was founded by Ascanius or Iulus, son of Aeneas, thirty years after the foundation of Lavinium. Chronologically this would have been around the middle of the 12th century BC, some time after the destruction of Troy (which accordi ...

Including:

Alba Longa - Legendary history Alba Longa - Archaeological data and historical interpretation Alba Longa - The shrine of Jupiter Latiaris

Read more here: » Alba Longa: Encyclopedia - Alba Longa

Sir Alan Henderson Gardiner (1879 – 1963) was one of the premier Egyptologists of the early and mid-Twentieth century. Some of his most important publications include a 1959 book on his study of "The Royal Canon of Turin" and his seminal 1961 work "Egypt of the Pharaohs" which covered all aspects of Egyptian chronology and history at the time of publication. Two major contributions to ancient Egyptian philology by Gardiner are his famous Egyptian Grammar (which had three revised editions) and the correlated list of all the hi ...

Including:

Alan Gardiner - Other Publications

Read more here: » Alan Gardiner: Encyclopedia - Alan Gardiner

China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back 3,500 years. Turtle shells with markings reminiscent of ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty (商朝) have been carbon dated to around 1,500 BC. These records suggest that the origins of Chinese civilization started with city-states that may go back more than 5,000 years. Two thousand years ago is c ...

Including:

History of China - Prehistoric times History of China - Ancient histories
History of China - Xia Dynasty History of China - Shang Dynasty History of China - Zhou Dynasty
History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture History of China - Qing Dynasty History of China - The Republic of China History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia - History of China

By chronology Prehistoric Britain Iron Age Britain Roman Britain Sub-Roman Britain Medieval Britain Early Modern Britain Modern Britain By nation History of England History of Ireland History of Scotland History of Wales By topic Constitutional history Economic history < ...

Including:

British military history - List of British military encounters
British military history - Prehistoric and ancient period British military history - Mediæval period British military history - Early Colonial period British military history - Colonial Period British military history - Modern Period British military history - 21st century
British military history - List of fortifications in Britain
British military history - Roman & ancient British military history - Mediæval British military history - 1600s British military history - Georgian & Victorian British military history - World War II Stop Lines
British military history - List of British military institutions British military history - List of British military alliances
British military history - Scottish military alliances British military history - English military alliances British military history - British military alliances

Read more here: » British military history: Encyclopedia - British military history

The origins of the unified Egyptian state are unclear, and there are no contemporary sources, and later sources are unclear and contradictory. Around 3100 BC a king unified the whole of the Nile Valley between the Delta and the First Cataract at Aswan, with the centre of power in Memphis. Traditionally (according to Manetho), this king was known as Menes. This king may be identified as one the individuals kno ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period

Immanuel Velikovsky (June 10, 1895 (NS) – November 17, 1979) is best known as the author of a number of controversial books on pre-history, particularly Worlds in Collision (1950), Ages in Chaos (1952), and Earth in Upheaval (1956). Earlier in his life, he played a role in the founding of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and was a respected psychiatrist/psychoanalyst. His books primarily used comparative mythology and ancient literary sources (not least the Bible) to propose that the Earth had suffered ...

Including:

Immanuel Velikovsky - Biography Immanuel Velikovsky - Velikovsky's Theories
Immanuel Velikovsky - The Revised Chronology
Immanuel Velikovsky - Criticism Immanuel Velikovsky - Books by Velikovsky Immanuel Velikovsky - Organisations sympathetic to Velikovsky's work:

Read more here: » Immanuel Velikovsky: Encyclopedia - Immanuel Velikovsky

Egyptologists consider the Old Kingdom as beginning with the Third Dynasty, and around the time of the Fourth Dynasty, the art of embalming began. History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation. A cautionary note about embalming, mummification and preservation: To embalm and to mummify essentially mean the same thing. To embalm (from Latin in balsamum, meaning to "put into balsam," a mixture of aromatic resins) and the process of mummification are very similar in that corpses we ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom

The Eighteenth Dynasty marks the beginning of the New Kingdom. Various pharaohs extended the control of Egypt further than ever before, retaking control of Nubia and extending power northwards into the Upper Euphrates, the lands of the Hittites, and Mitanni. History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty. This was a time of great wealth and power for Egypt. By the time of Amenophis III (1417 BC–1379 BC), Egypt had become so wealthy that he did nothing to further extend its powers and instead rested upon h ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom

There are several open problems concerning ancient Egyptian history. Conclusions on the origins of the Hyksos and their first leaders are disputed. It is unclear if the "Nubian Dark Age" really occurred in the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty of Egypt. There is question if the First Intermediate Period of Egypt really was a Dark Age. It is unknown why there were Minoan paintings in Avaris. The exact relationship between the Minoan civilization and the Egyptian civilization is debated. The Battle of Kad ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Along the Nile, in the 10th millennium BC, a grain-grinding culture using the earliest type of sickle blades had become replaced by another culture of hunters, fishers and gathering peoples using stone tools. Climate changes and/or overgrazing around 8000 BC began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt, eventually forming the Sahara (c. 2500 BC). Early tribes naturally migrated to the Nile river where they developed a settled agricultural economy and more centralized society (see Nile: History). Evidence of pastoralism and cultivat ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period

This era includes the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties and into the First Intermediate Period. The Old Kingdom became weakened by famine and weak leadership. One theory holds that a sudden, unanticipated, catastrophic reduction in the Nile floods over two or three decades, caused by a global climatic cooling, reduced the amount of rainfall in Egypt, Ethiopia, and East Africa, contributing to the great famine and subsequent downfall of the Old Kingdom. The last pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty was Pepi II, who was believed to have reigned for 94 ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period

Around 2055 BCE, Mentuhotep II from Thebes ended this period of unrest and united the country again. He installed a new administration and started a royal scale builing programme. There is also good evidence for military campaigns against foreigns countries. Amenemhat I moved the capital to North Egypt (Lower Egypt). His son, Senusret I, co-reigned with him until Amenemhat was assassinated. Senusret I was able to take control immediately without the country degenerating in ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom

After the death of Rameses XI, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes, in the person of Piankh, assumed control of Upper Egypt, ruling from Thebes, with the northern limit of his control ending at Al-Hibah. (The High Priest Herihor had died before Rameses XI, but also was an all-but-independent ruler in the latter days of the king's reign.) The country was once again split into two parts with the priesthood of Amun controlling Upper and Middle Egypt, and the kings, such as Smendes I, controlling the Delta from Tanis as the Twenty-First Dynasty. ...

See also:

History of Ancient Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Egyptian chronology, History of Ancient Egypt - Protodynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Early Dynastic Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Old Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Embalming mummification and preservation, History of Ancient Egypt - Upper and Lower Egypt, History of Ancient Egypt - Pyramids, History of Ancient Egypt - First Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Middle Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Second Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom, History of Ancient Egypt - Eighteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - Nineteenth Dynasty, History of Ancient Egypt - New Kingdom mummies, History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Late Period, History of Ancient Egypt - Open problems

Read more here: » History of Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - History of Ancient Egypt - Third Intermediate Period