The Kingdom of Macedon was formed in the 7th century BC out of northern Greek tribes. They played little part in Greek politics before the beginning of the 4th century, but Philip was an ambitious man who had been educated in Thebes and wanted to play a larger role. In particular, he wanted to be accepted as the new leader of Greece in recovering the freedom of the Greek cities of Asia from Persian rule. By seizing the Greek cities of Amphipolis, Methone and Potidaea, he gained control of the gold and silver mines of Macedonia. ...

See also:

Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon

See also:

Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas

The Greek cities were originally monarchies, although many of them were very small and the term "King" (basileus) for their rulers is misleadingly grand. In a country always short of farmland, power rested with a small class of landowners, who formed a warrior aristocracy fighting frequent petty inter-city wars over land and rapidly ousting the monarchy. About this time the rise of a mercantile class (shown by the introduction of coinage in about 680 BC) introduced class conflict into the larger cities. From 650 BC onwards, the aristo ...

See also:

Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict

Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the geographical peninsula of modern Greece, but also to areas of Hellenic culture that were settled in ancient times by Greeks: Cyprus, the Aegean coast of Turkey (then known as Ionia), Sicily and southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of what are now Albania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Libya, southern France, sout ...

Including:

• Ancient Greece - Origins
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
• Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
• Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars
• Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens
• Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War
• Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon
• Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander
• Ancient Greece - Society
• Ancient Greece - Social Structure
• Ancient Greece - Way of Life
• Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia - Ancient Greece

Samothrace (in Greek: Σαμοθρακη, Samothraki, Turkish: Semadrek) is an island in Greece, in the northern Aegean Sea. The name of the island means Thracian Samos. The town is locally called Chora. It is a self-governing deme in the prefecture of Evros and is the westernmost and the southernmost in the province of East Macedonia and Thrace. It is the southernmost island and point in Greek Thrace. It is only a few kilometres west of the maritime boundary between Greece and Turkey. The island is 17 km long and is 178 km² in size and has a population of about 2, ...

Including:

• Samothrace - Communities
• Samothrace - Other
• Samothrace - Historical population

Read more here: » Samothrace: Encyclopedia - Samothrace

Antipater (in Greek Αντίπατρος; lived c. 397 BC–319 BC) was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC he became regent of all of Alexander's empire. Antipater - Career under Philip and Alexander. Nothing is known of his early career until 342 BC, when he was appointed by Philip to govern Macedon as his regent while the former left the country for three years of hard and successful campaigning against Thracian and Scythians tribes ...

Including:

• Antipater - Career under Philip and Alexander
• Antipater - The fight for succession
• Antipater - Regent of the Empire
• Antipater - Alexander's assassin?

Read more here: » Antipater: Encyclopedia - Antipater

Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of history to the end of the ancient period. In Europe, the end of antiquity is often equated with the fall of Rome in 476. In China, it can also be seen as ending in the fifth century, with the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever-growing threat from the north. Ancient warfare - Overview. The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is less one of technology than of organization. The development of first city-states, a ...

Including:

• Ancient warfare - Overview
• Ancient warfare - Chariots
• Ancient warfare - Infantry
• Ancient warfare - Cavalry
• Ancient warfare - Naval warfare
• Ancient warfare - Tactics and weapons
• Ancient warfare - Strategy
• Ancient warfare - Tactics
• Ancient warfare - Weapons
• Ancient warfare - Sieges
• Ancient warfare - Cultures
• Ancient warfare - Chinese
• Ancient warfare - Persian
• Ancient warfare - Egyptian
• Ancient warfare - Germanic
• Ancient warfare - Greek
• Ancient warfare - Indus Valley
• Ancient warfare - Japanese
• Ancient warfare - Roman
• Ancient warfare - Important ancient wars
• Ancient warfare - Important ancient battles
• Ancient warfare - Unit types
• Ancient warfare - Sources

Read more here: » Ancient warfare: Encyclopedia - Ancient warfare

Skopje (Macedonian: Скопје, Albanian: Shkupi, Serbian/Croatian: Skoplje, Bulgarian: Скопие; Ottoman Turkish: Üsküb, Greek: Σκόπια);see also different names; is the capital city of the Republic of Macedonia. It has approx. 650,000 inhabitants (2000 estimate) and is located on the upper Vardar river. Skopje is located at 42°0′N 21°26′E. Skopje is the political, economic, and cultural centre of the modern Republic of Macedonia. It is a major centre for the metal-processing, chemical, timber, textile, leat ...

Including:

• Skopje - History
• Skopje - Classical era
• Skopje - Medieval era
• Skopje - The Ottoman city
• Skopje - In the 20th century
• Skopje - Buildings
• Skopje - Trivia

Read more here: » Skopje: Encyclopedia - Skopje

The history of Athens is the longest of any city in Europe: Athens has been continuously inhabited for at least 3,000 years. It was the birthplace of democracy and it became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium BC. Its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of western civilisation. During the Middle Ages, Athens experienced decline and then a recovery under the Byzantine Empire. Athens was relatively prosperous during the Crusades, benefiting from Italian trade. After a long period o ...

Including:

• History of Athens - Origins and setting
• History of Athens - Early history
• History of Athens - Reform and democracy
• History of Athens - Classical Athens
• History of Athens - Byzantine Athens
• History of Athens - Ottoman Athens
• History of Athens - Modern Athens
• History of Athens - Notable Athenians
• History of Athens - Ancient sites in Athens

Read more here: » History of Athens: Encyclopedia - History of Athens

Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. Jiroft Kingdom Elamite Kingdom Median Empire Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Parthian Empire Sassanid dynasty Islamic conquest of Iran Tahirid dynasty Saffarid dynasty Ziyarid dynasty Samanid dynasty Buwayhid dynasty Ghaznavid Empire Seljuki ...

Including:

• Achaemenid dynasty - History
• Achaemenid dynasty - Decline
• Achaemenid dynasty - System of governing
• Achaemenid dynasty - Contributions
• Achaemenid dynasty - Art
• Achaemenid dynasty - Achaemenid rulers

Read more here: » Achaemenid dynasty: Encyclopedia - Achaemenid dynasty

Another Apelles was the founder of a Gnostic sect in the 2nd century; Apelles (gnostic). "Apelles" was also a pseudonym used by the Jesuit Christoph Scheiner in writing on sunspots. Apelles (flourished 4th century BC) was a renowned painter of ancient Greece. Pliny the Elder, to whom we owe much of our knowledge of this artist (N.H. 35.36.79-97 and passim) rated him first of all who preceded him and who came after. He dated Apelles to the 112th Olympiad (332-329 BC), possibly because he had pr ...

Including:

• Apelles - Biography
• Apelles - Works
• Apelles - Legacy

Read more here: » Apelles: Encyclopedia - Apelles

Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by a group of Iranian people speaking Indo-Iranian languages, known as the Scythians. The location and extent of Scythia varied over time, from the Altai region where Mongolia, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan come together, across South of Ukraine to the lower Danube river area, Bulgaria and Georgia. The Saka were Asian Scythians and were known as Sai (Character: ...

Including:

• Scythia - Etymology
• Scythia - Scythian society
• Scythia - History
• Scythia - Overview
• Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources
• Scythia - Scythians in the Bible
• Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian
• Scythia - Pazyryk culture
• Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk
• Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan
• Scythia - Scythian gold
• Scythia - Sakas
• Scythia - Indo-Scythians
• Scythia - Scythians and China
• Scythia - The genetic argument
• Scythia - The idea of Scythia

Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia - Scythia

Aegina (Greek: Αίγινα Egina), one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 31 miles (50 km) from Athens. Tradition derives the name from Aegina, the mother of Aeacus, who was born in and ruled the island. In shape Aegina is triangular, eight miles (13 km) long from northwest to southeast, and six miles (15 km) broad, with an area of about 41 square miles (106 km²). Two thirds of Aegina constitute an extinct volcano. The northern and western side consist of stony but fertile plains, which are well cultivated ...

Including:

• Aegina - Antiquities
• Aegina - Ancient History
• Aegina - Modern History
• Aegina - Communities and villages
• Aegina - Historical population
• Aegina - Daughter of Asopus

Read more here: » Aegina: Encyclopedia - Aegina

The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). Persia's earliest known kingdom was the proto-Elamite Empire, followed by the Medes; but it is the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian." Successive states in Iran before 1935 are collectively called the Persian Empire by Western historians. Persian Empire - The name Persia. Persia has long ...

Including:

• Persian Empire - The name Persia
• Persian Empire - The rise and fall of empires in Persia
• Persian Empire - The first Persian state: Achaemenid Persia 648 BC-330 BC
• Persian Empire - Hellenistic Persia 330 BC-150 BC
• Persian Empire - Parthian Persia 150 BC-AD 226
• Persian Empire - Sassanid Persia AD 226-650
• Persian Empire - Islam and Persia 650-1219
• Persian Empire - Persia under the Turkic rule 1037-1219
• Persian Empire - Persia under the Mongols and their successors 1219-1500
• Persian Empire - A new Persian empire: the Safavids 1500-1722
• Persian Empire - Persia and Europe 1722-1914
• Persian Empire - Persia in World War One 1914-1918
• Persian Empire - Persia after World War One 1919-1935
• Persian Empire - List of Kings and Emperors of Persia

Read more here: » Persian Empire: Encyclopedia - Persian Empire

Under Philip II, (359-336 BC), Macedon expanded into the territory of the Paionians, Thracians, and Illyrians. This brought into its orbit the Monastir (now Bitola) and Gevgelija districts of what is now the Republic of Macedonia. Macedon became more politically involved with the south-central city-states of Ancient Greece, but it also retained more archaic features like the palace-culture, first at Aegae (modern Vergina) then at Pella, resembling Mycenaean culture more than classic Hellenic city-states, and other archaic customs, like Philip's multiple wives in addition to his Epirote ...

See also:

Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

Read more here: » Macedon: Encyclopedia II - Macedon - Expansion

In 192 war broke out between Rome and the Seleucid ruler Antiochus III. Some Greek cities now saw Antiochus as their saviour from Roman rule, but Macedon threw its lot in with Rome, and Antiochus was defeated at Thermopylae in 191. During the course of this war Roman troops crossed into Asia for the first time, where they defeated Antiochus again at Magnesia on the Sipylum (190). Greece now lay across Rome's line of communications with the east, and Roman troops became a permanent presence. The Peace of Apamaea (1 ...

See also:

Hellenistic Greece, Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian dominance, Hellenistic Greece - Philip V, Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome, Hellenistic Greece - The end of Greek independence

Read more here: » Hellenistic Greece: Encyclopedia II - Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome

The indigenous population of Thrace were, and still are a Greek race called Thracians. Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not manage to form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the 4th century BC. The Thracians fell early under the cultural influence of the ancient Greeks, preserving till a much later time, however, their language and culture. It also appears from mythological accounts that the Thracians influenced Greek culture from a very early period, with some Thracians even appear ...

See also:

Thrace, Thrace - History, Thrace - Cities of Thrace, Thrace - Bulgarian, Thrace - Greek, Thrace - Turkish, Thrace - Famous Thracians, Thrace - Sources

Read more here: » Thrace: Encyclopedia II - Thrace - History

Antigonus II died in 239. His death saw another revolt of the Greek cities led by the Achaean League, whose dominant figure was Aratus of Sicyon. Antigonus's son Demetrius II died in 229, leaving a child (Philip V) as king, with the general Antigonus Doson as regent. The Achaeans, while nominally subject to Ptolemy, were in effect independent, and controlled most of southern Greece. Athens remai ...

See also:

Hellenistic Greece, Hellenistic Greece - Macedonian dominance, Hellenistic Greece - Philip V, Hellenistic Greece - The rise of Rome, Hellenistic Greece - The end of Greek independence

Read more here: » Hellenistic Greece: Encyclopedia II - Hellenistic Greece - Philip V

Extant biographies of Epaminondas universally describe him as one of the most talented men produced by the Greek city-states in their final 150 years of independence. In military affairs he stands above every other tactician in Greek history, with the possible exception of Philip of Macedon, although modern historians have questioned his larger strategic vision[23]. His innovative strategy at Leuctra allowed him to defeat the vaunted Spartan phalanx with a ...

See also:

Epaminondas, Epaminondas - Historical record, Epaminondas - Youth education and personal life, Epaminondas - Early career, Epaminondas - Theban coup, Epaminondas - After the coup, Epaminondas - 371 BC, Epaminondas - Peace Conference of 371, Epaminondas - Leuctra, Epaminondas - The 360s BC, Epaminondas - First Invasion of the Peloponnese, Epaminondas - Trial, Epaminondas - Later campaigns, Epaminondas - Battle of Mantinea, Epaminondas - Legacy, Epaminondas - Footnotes

Read more here: » Epaminondas: Encyclopedia II - Epaminondas - Legacy

The controversy whether or not ancient Macedonia should be considered a Hellenic state is addressed variously: based on ancient sources, and on linguistic evidence. Neither approach is conclusive, Herodotus seems to assert that the Macedonian aristocracy was of Achaean origin while Macedonian people were of Dorian stock. Linguistics seems to point inconclusively to either Macedonian as an archaic form of Greek, Macedonian as part of a Graeco-Macedonian subfamily of Indo-European, or Macedonian as an in ...

See also:

Macedon, Macedon - Early history, Macedon - Expansion, Macedon - Decline, Macedon - Calendar, Macedon - Language, Macedon - Hellenic controversy, Macedon - Herodotus, Macedon - Linguistics

Read more here: » Macedon: Encyclopedia II - Macedon - Hellenic controversy