Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the geographical peninsula of modern Greece, but also to areas of Hellenic culture that were settled in ancient times by Greeks: Cyprus, the Aegean coast of Turkey (then known as Ionia), Sicily and southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of what are now Albania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Libya, southern France, sout ...

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• Ancient Greece - Origins
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
• Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
• Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars
• Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens
• Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War
• Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon
• Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander
• Ancient Greece - Society
• Ancient Greece - Social Structure
• Ancient Greece - Way of Life
• Ancient Greece - Education

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Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

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The distinguishing features of ancient Greek society were the division between free and slave, the differing roles of men and women, the relative lack of status distinctions based on birth, and the importance of religion. The way of life of the Athenians was more common in the Greek world than Sparta's special system. Ancient Greece - Social Structure. Only free people could be citizens entitled to the full protection of the law in a city-state. In most city-states, unlike Rome, social promenece did not al ...

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Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece - Origins, Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas, Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict, Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars, Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens, Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War, Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance, Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon, Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander, Ancient Greece - Society, Ancient Greece - Social Structure, Ancient Greece - Way of Life, Ancient Greece - Education

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This article discusses architecture in Ancient Greece. Architecture (building executed to an aesthetically considered design) was extinct in Greece from the end of the Mycenaean period (about 1200 BC) until the 7th century BC, when urban life and prosperity recovered to a point where public building could be undertaken. But since most Greek buildings in the Archaic and Early Classical periods were made of wood or mud-brick, nothing remains of them except a few ground-plans, and there are almost no written sources on early architecture ...

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The art of ancient Greece has exercised an enormous influence on the culture of many countries from ancient times until the present, particularly in the areas of sculpture and architecture. In the West, the art of the Roman Empire was largely derived from Greek models. In the East, Alexander the Great's conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in Greco-Buddhist art, with ramifications as far as Japan. Following the Renaissance in Europe, the humanist aesthetic and th ...

Including:

• Art in Ancient Greece - Definition
• Art in Ancient Greece - Periods
• Art in Ancient Greece - Survivals
• Art in Ancient Greece - Pottery
• Art in Ancient Greece - Sculpture
• Art in Ancient Greece - Architecture
• Art in Ancient Greece - Coin design

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Greece, (Greek: Ελλάδα, older form: Ελλάς, Hellas), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellinikí Dimokratía; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is a country in southern Europe on the tip of the Balkan peninsula. It has land boundaries with Bulgaria, FYROM, and Albania to the north and with Turkey to the east. The waters of the Aegean Sea border Greece to the east, and those of the Ionian and Mediterranean Sea to the west and south ...

Including:

• Greece - Name
• Greece - History
• Greece - Prehistory and antiquity
• Greece - Roman rule and Middle Ages
• Greece - Ottoman rule
• Greece - Creation of the modern Greek state
• Greece - Politics
• Greece - Local government
• Greece - Geography
• Greece - Economy
• Greece - Tourism
• Greece - Demographics
• Greece - Religion
• Greece - Culture
• Greece - Miscellaneous topics

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Ancient Judaism, also known as Ancient Palestine: Society and Religion, is a book written by Maximilian Weber, a German economist and sociologist in early 20th century. Note that the original edition was in German - the essays on Ancient Judaism appeared originally in the 1917-1919 issues of the Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialforschung. Marianne Weber, his wife, published the essays as Part Three of his Gesammelte Aufsatze zur Religionssoziologie' in 1920-1921. An English translation wa ...

Including:

• Ancient Judaism book - Book content
• Ancient Judaism book - Types of Asceticism and the Significance of Ancient Judaism
• Ancient Judaism book - History and Social Organization of Ancient Palestine
• Ancient Judaism book - Political Organization and Religious Ideas in the Time of the Confederacy and the Early Kings
• Ancient Judaism book - Political Decline Religious Conflict and Biblical Prophecy

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Conflict is a state of opposition, disagreement or incompatibility between two or more people or groups of people, which is sometimes characterized by physical violence. Military conflict between states may constitute war. Conflict - Definitions. In political terms, "conflict" refers to an ongoing state of hostility between two groups of people. Conflict as taught for graduate and professional work in conflict resolution commonly has the definition: "when two or more parties, with perceived incompati ...

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• Conflict - Definitions
• Conflict - Types and Modes of Conflict
• Conflict - Examples

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In sociology and biology, conflict theory states that the society or organization functions so that each individual participant and its groups struggle to maximize their benefits, which inevitably contributes to social change such as changes in politics and revolutions. The theory is mostly applied to explain conflict between social classes in ideologies such as socialism and communism. The theory attempts to refute functionalism, which considers that societies and organization function so that each individual and group plays a specif ...

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The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginnings in Ancient Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and Greek independence. Greece is often called the cradle of Western civilisation. Culture of Greece - Art and architecture. The art and architecture of ancient Greece have greatly influenced Western art through the present day. Byzantine art and architecture also played an important role in early Christianity, and remai ...

Including:

• Culture of Greece - Art and architecture
• Culture of Greece - Architecture
• Culture of Greece - Painting and sculpture
• Culture of Greece - Pottery and coins
• Culture of Greece - Literature
• Culture of Greece - Religion
• Culture of Greece - Philosophy science and mathematics
• Culture of Greece - Music
• Culture of Greece - Cuisine
• Culture of Greece - Sports

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The Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) was the leading organisation campaigning for women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. It was the first group whose members were known as "suffragettes". The WSPU was founded in Manchester on October 10, 1903 by six women, including Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst, who soon became the leader. They had split from the non-militant National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies, disappointed at the lack of ...

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Pederastic relationships were dyadic mentorships. These mentorships were sanctioned by the state, as evidenced by laws mandating and controlling such relationships. Likewise, they were consecrated by the religious establishment, as can be seen from the many myths describing such relationships between gods and heroes (Apollo and Hyacinth, Zeus and Ganymede, Heracles and Hylas, Pan and Daphnis) and between one hero and another (Achilles and Patroclus, Orestes and Pylades). (It is interesting to note that the Greeks tried to project a semblance ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

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The state benefitted from these relationships, according to the statements of ancient writers. The friendship functioned as a restraint on the youth, since if he committed a crime it was not he but his lover who was punished. In the military the lovers fought side by side, with each vying to shine before the other. Thus it was said that an army of lovers would be invincible, as was the case until the battle of Chaeronea with the Theban Sacred Band, a batallion of one ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

Read more here: » Pederasty in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects

The ancient Greeks of the pederastic city-states were the first to describe, study, systematize, and establish pederasty as an institution. The origin of that tradition has been variously explained. One school of thought, articulated by Sergent, holds that the Greek pederastic model evolved from far older Indo-European rites of passage, which were grounded in a shamanic tradition with roots in the neolithic. The earliest Greek texts, specifically the works attributed to Homer, do not document formal pederastic practices. A number of t ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

Read more here: » Pederasty in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Pederasty in ancient Greece - History

Ancient sources suggest a range of sexual activity. Cicero, describing Spartan customs, suggests that relations were expected to stop short of consummation, "The Lacedaemonians, while they permit all things except outrage [hybris, "rape"] in the love of youths, certainly distinguish the forbidden by a thin wall of partition from the sanctioned, for they allow embraces and a common couch to lovers.' (De Rep., iv. 4) On the other hand, one Athenian term for sodomy was "to do it the Lacedemonian way." Literary sources are a lot more risq ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

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Socrates, Plato, and Xenophon described the inspirational powers of love between men though decrying its physical expression. Upon the death of Plato the presidency of the Academy passed from lover to lover. Of the Stoics, Chrysippus, Cleanthes, and Zeno fell in love with young men. The topic of pederasty was the subject of extensive analysis. Some of the principal dilemmas discussed were: Which form shou ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

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Ancient writers, as well as modern historians such as Bruce Thronton, hold that the goal of paiderastia was pedagogical, the channeling of Eros into the creation of noble and good citizens. The various mythographical materials available suggest religious training (see story of Tantalus, Poseidon, and Pelops) as well as military training (Hercules and Hylas). The theme of learning to drive a war chariot occurs repeatedly (Poseidon and Pelops, Laius and Chrysippus). Apollo is said to have taught Orpheus, one of his beloveds, to play the ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

Read more here: » Pederasty in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects

Poets write of pederasty from the earliest eras to the end of the Hellenistic era. Five philosophical dialogues debate its ethical implications. Notable scholars and writers such as Plato, Xenophon, Plutarch, and pseudo-Lucian would discuss the topic. Tragedies on the theme became very popular. Aristophanes made comical theater about sexual relationships between men and youths. The famous poets Alcaeus, Ibycus, Anacreon, Theognis, Pindar and of course Sappho all wrot ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

Read more here: » Pederasty in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts

Myths provide more than fifty examples of young men who were the lovers of gods (Sergent). Poets and traditions ascribe Zeus, Poseidon, Apollo, Orpheus, Hercules, Dionysus, Hermes, and Pan to such love. All the main gods of the pantheon except Ares had these relationships. Mythographic material suggests that the initiate experienced ecstatic states of spirit journey leading to mystic death and transfiguration, analogous to practices still reported today in shamanic work. If so, by the fifth century the Greeks had forgotten the ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

Read more here: » Pederasty in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects

The ethical views held in those societies (such as Athens, Thebes, Crete, Sparta, Elis, and others) on the practice of pederasty have been explored by scholars only since the end of the nineteenth century. One of the first to do so was John Addington Symonds, who wrote his seminal work A Problem in Greek Ethics in 1873, but had to wait twenty eight years to be able to publish it (in revised form) in 1901 [5]. Edward Carpenter expanded the scope of the study, with his 1914 work, Intermediate Types among Primitive Folk. The text examines homoerotic practices of all types, not only pede ...

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Pederasty in ancient Greece, Pederasty in ancient Greece - History, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Philosophical discourses, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Social Aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Educational and military aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Military function, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sexual aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Religious aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Political aspects, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Crete, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Thebes, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Sparta, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Athens, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Influence on literature and the arts, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Alcaeus Anacreon Ibycus, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Theognis of Megara, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Ceremonies and proverbs, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship, Pederasty in ancient Greece - Footnotes

Read more here: » Pederasty in ancient Greece: Encyclopedia II - Pederasty in ancient Greece - Modern scholarship