Ancient Egypt was a civilization along the Lower Nile, reaching from the Nile Delta in the north as far south as Jebel Barkal at the time of its greatest extension (15th century BC). It lasted for three millennia, from circa 3200 BC to 343 BC, ending with the conquest of Alexander the Great. As a civilization based on irrigation it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire. Ancient Egypt - Geography. Most of Egypt is in North Africa; though the Sinai Peninsula is in Southwest Asia. The coun ...

Including:

• Ancient Egypt - Geography
• Ancient Egypt - People
• Ancient Egypt - History
• Ancient Egypt - Government
• Ancient Egypt - Language
• Ancient Egypt - Writing
• Ancient Egypt - Literature
• Ancient Egypt - Culture
• Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements
• Ancient Egypt - Timeline
• Ancient Egypt - Open problems
• Ancient Egypt - Notes

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Government, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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See Predynastic Egypt for inventions and other significant achievements in the Sahara region before the Protodynastic Period. The art and science of engineering was present in Egypt, such as accurately determining the position of points and the distances between them (known as surveying). These skills were used to outline pyramid bases. The Egyptian pyramids took the geometric shape formed from a polygonal base and a point, called the apex, by triangular faces. Hydraulic Cement was first invented by the Egyptians. The Al Fayyum Irriga ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People and Origins, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Taxation, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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There is no one "head God" in the Egyptian pantheon, and this fact has mystified, frustrated, confused, puzzled, amused and outraged monotheists around the world for 2,500 years. Egyptian philosophy has been labeled with the curious oxymoron of "spiritual materialism," and so dismissed as primitive.

An excerpt from Walk Like An Egyptian: A Modern Guide To The Religion And Philosophy Of Ancient Egypt

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Sesostris was the name of a legendary king of ancient Egypt. According to Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus (who calls him Sesoosis), and Strabo, he conquered the whole world, even Scythia and Ethiopia, divided Egypt into administrative districts or nomes, was a great law-giver, and introduced a caste system into Egypt and the worship of Serapis. He has been considered a compound of Seti I ...

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• Sesostris - Bibliography

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The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Misr, in Egyptian Arabic Másr), is a republic in North Africa. While most of the country is geographically located in Africa, the Sinai Peninsula east of the Suez Canal is in Asia and Egypt is often associated with the Middle East. Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km², Egypt shares land borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the northeast and has coasts on the north and east by the Medi ...

Including:

• Egypt - Origin and history of the name
• Egypt - History
• Egypt - Politics
• Egypt - Military
• Egypt - Governorates
• Egypt - Foreign relations
• Egypt - Economy
• Egypt - Demographics
• Egypt - Religion
• Egypt - Geography
• Egypt - Culture

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Afrocentrism is a worldview or ideology that focuses on the black people and their contributions. More particularly, it often seeks to emphasize the contributions of black African peoples and the African diaspora over other peoples. Like any ideology or worldview, its proponents differ on many specific points but universally hold certain broad concepts to be true. Mainstream Afrocentric theory is critical of Eurocentrism. Afrocentrism holds that Eurocentrism has led to the neglect or denial of the contributions of Africa ...

Including:

• Afrocentrism - Egypt and the argument of African cultural unity
• Afrocentrism - History of Afrocentrism
• Afrocentrism - The debate over Afrocentrism
• Afrocentrism - Egypt and black identity
• Afrocentrism - Black-centered history and Africa
• Afrocentrism - A different world-view
• Afrocentrism - List of notable Afrocentric historians
• Afrocentrism - Related topics

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Crystal power is a belief that crystals have healing, mystical and paranormal powers. It is popular in the New Age movement, but regarded as baseless by skeptics and the general scientific community. Crystal power - Crystal healing. Crystal healers claim that every living organism has a "vibrational energy system," which includes chakras, subtle bodies and meridians. By using the appropriate crystals one can allegedly "tune" an energy system or rebalance energies, thus improving well-being. T ...

Including:

• Crystal power - Crystal healing
• Crystal power - Criticism

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Dr. Robert "Bob" Brier (b. December 13, 1943) also affectionately known as Mr. Mummy is a famous American Egyptologist. Bob Brier - Background. Dr. Robert Brier, a world-renowned Egyptologist, paleopathologist and Senior Research Fellow at the C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University, is considered by many to be the world's foremost expert on mummies and the mummification process. Born and raised in The Bronx, New York, Dr. Brier earned his bachelor's degree from Hunter College of the City U ...

Including:

• Bob Brier - Background
• Bob Brier - Research and Other Achievements
• Bob Brier - Current and Planned Endeavors
• Bob Brier - Published Works

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Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of history to the end of the ancient period. In Europe, the end of antiquity is often equated with the fall of Rome in 476. In China, it can also be seen as ending in the fifth century, with the growing role of mounted warriors needed to counter the ever-growing threat from the north. Ancient warfare - Overview. The difference between prehistoric and ancient warfare is less one of technology than of organization. The development of first city-states, a ...

Including:

• Ancient warfare - Overview
• Ancient warfare - Chariots
• Ancient warfare - Infantry
• Ancient warfare - Cavalry
• Ancient warfare - Naval warfare
• Ancient warfare - Tactics and weapons
• Ancient warfare - Strategy
• Ancient warfare - Tactics
• Ancient warfare - Weapons
• Ancient warfare - Sieges
• Ancient warfare - Cultures
• Ancient warfare - Chinese
• Ancient warfare - Persian
• Ancient warfare - Egyptian
• Ancient warfare - Germanic
• Ancient warfare - Greek
• Ancient warfare - Indus Valley
• Ancient warfare - Japanese
• Ancient warfare - Roman
• Ancient warfare - Important ancient wars
• Ancient warfare - Important ancient battles
• Ancient warfare - Unit types
• Ancient warfare - Sources

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Science and technology in ancient India covered all the major branches of human knowledge and activities, including mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, medical science and surgery, fine arts, mechanical and production technology, civil engineering and architecture, shipbuilding and navigation, sports and games. Grant Duff, a British historian has remarked: “Many of the advances in the sciences that we consider today to have been made in Europe were in fact made in India centuries ago”. Science a ...

Including:

• Science and technology in ancient India - Introduction
• Science and technology in ancient India - Mathematics
• Science and technology in ancient India - Astronomy
• Science and technology in ancient India - Physics
• Science and technology in ancient India - Chemistry
• Science and technology in ancient India - Medicine & surgery
• Science and technology in ancient India - Fine arts
• Science and technology in ancient India - Production technology
• Science and technology in ancient India - Civil engineering & architecture
• Science and technology in ancient India - Shipbuilding & navigation
• Science and technology in ancient India - Games & Sports

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(3rd millennium BC – 2nd millennium BC – 1st millennium BC – other millennia) 2nd millennium BC - Events. To grasp the spirit of the 2nd millennium BC, we must divide it in two parts, for there is a period of change around its middle so important that it creates two separate "sub-millennia". 2nd millennium BC - First half 2000-1500 BC. The first part of the millennium is a time a bit less colorful than others, a lull in the history of Ancient Near East, still living ...

Including:

• 2nd millennium BC - Events
• 2nd millennium BC - First half 2000-1500 BC
• 2nd millennium BC - The break in the middle c. 1600-1500 BC
• 2nd millennium BC - Second half 1500-1000 BC
• 2nd millennium BC - Specific events
• 2nd millennium BC - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 2nd millennium BC - Cultures
• 2nd millennium BC - Significant people
• 2nd millennium BC - Cultural landmarks
• 2nd millennium BC - Centuries and Decades

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Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡροδοτος, Herodotos) was a historian who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC-ca. 425 BC). He is known for writing The Histories, a collection of stories on different places and people he learned about through his travels. It includes the conflict between Greece and Persia. Herodotus - Opinions. Herodotus' invention earned him the title "The Father of History" and the word he used for his achievement, historie, which previously had meant ...

Including:

• Herodotus - Opinions
• Herodotus - Herodotus's life

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Seduction is the process of deliberately enticing another person into an act (see motivation). The word can have a negative connotation, either seriously or mildly (and also used jokingly), and may refer to an act that the other may later regret and/or would normally not want to do. In a religious context, seduction is often a specific form of temptation, an inducement to commit a sinful or immoral act. Seduction - Sexual seduction. Seduction most commonly refers to the use o ...

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• Seduction - Sexual seduction

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Autofellatio is the act of oral stimulation of one's own penis as a form of masturbation. While few human males are both sufficiently "well-endowed" and flexible enough to perform the frontbend required, increased flexibility achieved via physical training such as gymnastics, contortionism or yoga may make it possible for some. Kinsey states that less than 1% of men can successfully suck or lick their own penises. Autofellatio - In modern culture. Photograph of a man performing autofellatio While fai ...

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• Autofellatio - In modern culture
• Autofellatio - References in fiction

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Scrying is the occult practice of using a medium, most commonly a reflective surface or translucent body, to aid perceived psychic abilities such as clairvoyance. The mediums often used to "see" are water, polished precious stones, crystal balls, or mirrors. Scrying, in this context, uses a "visual" process. There are some who believe the art of scrying is not limited to the use of "refective" or "translucent" bodies only, but includes other mediums (see "Other forms of scrying"). Scrying has been used in many cultures as a means of seeing the past, present, or future; in this s ...

Including:

• Scrying - Etymology
• Scrying - Art of scrying
• Scrying - History of visual scrying
• Scrying - Scrying terms
• Scrying - Other forms of scrying
• Scrying - Historical figures
• Scrying - Ideology
• Scrying - Recommended reading

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Aeschylus (525 BC—456 BC; Greek: Αἰσχύλος) was a playwright of ancient Greece. Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians, the others being Sophocles and Euripides. Aeschylus - Biography. Born in Eleusis, a district of Athens, he wrote his first plays in 498 BC, but his earliest surviving play is possibly The Suppliants, written in approximately 490 BC. That same year, he participated in the Battle of Ma ...

Including:

• Aeschylus - Biography
• Aeschylus - Works

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The Story of Wenamun (alternately known as the Report of Wenamun, The Misadventures of Wenamun, or [informally] as just Wenamun) is a literary text written in hieratic in the Late Egyptian language. It is only known from one incomplete copy discovered in 1890 at al-Hibah, Egypt, and subsequently purchased in 1891 in Cairo by the Russian Egyptologist Vladimir Semenovič Goleniščev (Caminos 1977:1). The papyrus is now in the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, and officially designated as Pap ...

Including:

• Story of Wenamun - The text
• Story of Wenamun - Analysis
• Story of Wenamun - Importance of the document
• Story of Wenamun - Websites

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Main Articles: Nubian pyramids, Ancient Egyptian architecture, Great Zimbabwe Probably the most famous structure in all of Egypt, the pyramids remain one of the worlds' greatest architectural achievements, despite having been built millennia ago. The Nubian pyramids were influenced by these, but are now in a worse state than the Egyptian pyramids, after being robbed in ancient times. Great Zimbabwe is the largest medieval city in sub-Saharan Africa. Great Zimbabwe was constructed and expanded for more than 300 years in a ...

See also:

Architecture of Africa, Architecture of Africa - Early architecture, Architecture of Africa - Modern architecture

Read more here: » Architecture of Africa: Encyclopedia II - Architecture of Africa - Early architecture

Ancient Syria's cultural and artistic achievements and contributions are many. Archaeologists have discovered extensive writings and evidence of a brilliant culture rivaling those of Mesopotamia and Egypt in and around the ancient city of Ebla. Later Syrian scholars and artists contributed to Hellenistic and Roman thought and culture. Zeno of Sidon founded the Epicurean school; Cicero was a pupil of Antiochus of Ascalon at Athens; and the writings of Posidonius of Apa ...

See also:

Syria, Syria - Name, Syria - History, Syria - French occupation, Syria - Independence to 1970, Syria - 1970 to 2005, Syria - 2000 to 2005, Syria - The events from 2005, Syria - Politics, Syria - Government, Syria - Governorates, Syria - Geography, Syria - Economy, Syria - Demographics, Syria - Culture, Syria - Holidays, Syria - Fairs and festivals, Syria - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Syria: Encyclopedia II - Syria - Culture