There are varying opinions of how the instrument was introduced to China. There are various explanations of infiltration by land, through the Silk route, by sea, through port of Canton, Guangzhou （广州 or 廣州), or it was solely invented without foreign influence by the Chinese themselves. Yangqin - The land version. The by land theory of yangqin being bought into contact with the Chinese is through Silk route. At the glance of the trading route of China, the Silk route stretching almost 4000 miles e ...

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Yangqin, Yangqin - Origins, Yangqin - The land version, Yangqin - Invented within China, Yangqin - Ancient instrument zhu（筑）, Yangqin - The Yangzhou theory, Yangqin - The sea version

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Archaeological sites such as Sanxingdui (三星堆) and Erlitou (二里頭) show evidence of a Bronze Age civilization in China. The earliest written record of China's past dates from the Shang Dynasty in perhaps the 13th century BC, and takes the form of inscriptions of divination records on the bones or shells of animals—the so-called oracle bones (甲骨文). However the earliest comprehensive history of China, the Historical Records (史記) by Sima Qian (司馬遷), a renowned Chinese historiographer of the 2nd century B ...

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History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Ancient histories

Archaeological sites such as Sanxingdui (三星堆) and Erlitou (二里頭) show evidence of a Bronze Age civilization in China. The earliest written record of China's past dates from the Shang Dynasty in perhaps the 13th century BC, and takes the form of inscriptions of divination records on the bones or shells of animals—the so-called oracle bones (甲骨文). However the earliest comprehensive history of China, the Historical Records (史記) by Sima Qian (司馬遷), a renowned Chinese historiographer of the 2nd century B ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

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The devastating volcanic eruption of Thira has become the most famous single event in the Aegean before the fall of Troy. The eruption would have caused a significant climate upset for the eastern Mediterranean region. It was one of the biggest volcanic eruptions on Earth in the last few thousand years. Santorini - Physical effects of the eruption. The violent eruption was centred on a small island just north of the existing island of Nea Kameni in the centre of the caldera. The caldera itself was formed s ...

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Santorini, Santorini - Minoan Akrotiri, Santorini - Ancient volcanic eruption, Santorini - Physical effects of the eruption, Santorini - Dating the volcanic eruption, Santorini - Size of the eruption, Santorini - Chinese records, Santorini - Egyptian records, Santorini - Association with Atlantis, Santorini - Greek Byzantine and Ottoman Santorini, Santorini - Modern Santorini

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A number of other civilizations are known to have practised the art of mummification. Aztecs Incas, (See Mummy Juanita). Also a practice also adopted by peoples they conquered, e.g. Chachapoyas. Japan, see external link Buddhist mummies in Japan, PubMed. Tibetans, who reserved this honor for people who reached a highest level of enlightenment. Mummy - Chinese mummy ...

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Mummy, Mummy - Etymology, Mummy - Mummies in Ancient Egypt, Mummy - Egyptian mummification process, Mummy - Egyptian burial rituals, Mummy - Open problems, Mummy - Mummies in other civilizations, Mummy - Chinese mummy, Mummy - Natural mummies, Mummy - Mummies in recent times, Mummy - Mummies in fiction, Mummy - Famous mummies, Mummy - From Egypt, Mummy - Others

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In the West, the term Eastern philosophy refers very broadly to the various philosophies of "the East," namely Asia, including China, India, Japan, and the general area. History of philosophy - Buddhist philosophy. See article Buddhist philosophy History of philosophy - Chinese philosophy. See article Chinese philosophy History of philosophy - Hindu philosophy. See article Hinduism, se ...

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History of philosophy, History of philosophy - Western Philosophy, History of philosophy - Ancient philosophy, History of philosophy - Medieval philosophy, History of philosophy - Modern philosophy, History of philosophy - Contemporary philosophy, History of philosophy - Eastern philosophy, History of philosophy - Buddhist philosophy, History of philosophy - Chinese philosophy, History of philosophy - Hindu philosophy, History of philosophy - Abrahamic philosophy, History of philosophy - Jewish philosophy, History of philosophy - Christian philosophy, History of philosophy - Islamic philosophy

Read more here: » History of philosophy: Encyclopedia II - History of philosophy - Eastern philosophy

History of theater - Ancient Greek theatre. Main article: Ancient Greek theatre The earliest days of western theater remain obscure, but the oldest surviving plays come from ancient Greece. Thespis Aristophanes theater was created on the year 103 B.C. Sophocles Euripides Aeschylus Aristotle is also important, primarily for his ...

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History of theater, History of theater - Western Theatre History, History of theater - Ancient Greek theatre, History of theater - Roman theater, History of theater - Theatre in the Middle Ages, History of theater - Commedia dell'Arte, History of theater - Renaissance theatre, History of theater - Headline text, History of theater - Neoclassical Theatre, History of theater - Nineteenth Century Theatre, History of theater - Twentieth Century Theatre, History of theater - Asian Theater History, History of theater - Japanese Theater, History of theater - Chinese Theatre

Read more here: » History of theater: Encyclopedia II - History of theater - Western Theatre History

History of theater - Ancient Greek theatre. Main article: Ancient Greek theatre The earliest days of western theater remain obscure, but the oldest surviving plays come from ancient Greece. Thespis Aristophanes theater was created on the year 103 B.C. Sophocles Euripides Aeschylus Aristotle is also important, primarily for his ...

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History of theater, History of theater - Western Theatre History, History of theater - Ancient Greek theatre, History of theater - Roman theater, History of theater - Theatre in the Middle Ages, History of theater - Commedia dell'Arte, History of theater - Renaissance theatre, History of theater - Neoclassical Theatre, History of theater - Nineteenth Century Theatre, History of theater - Twentieth Century Theatre, History of theater - Asian Theater History, History of theater - Japanese Theater, History of theater - Chinese Theatre

Read more here: » History of theater: Encyclopedia II - History of theater - Western Theatre History

In China, in 212 BC, the Emperor Qin Shi Huang (Shi Huang-ti) commanded that all books be burned. While this order was not universally obeyed, it means that little is known with certainty about ancient Chinese mathematics. Another problem is that the Chinese wrote on bamboo, a perishable medium. Dating from the Shang period (1500 BC - 1027 BC), the earliest extant Chinese mathematics consists of numbers scratched on tortoise shell. These numbers use a decimal system, so that the number 123 is written (from top to bottom) as the symbol ...

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History of mathematics, History of mathematics - Mathematics in prehistory, History of mathematics - Egyptian and Babylonian mathematics 2000 BC - 600 BC, History of mathematics - Ancient Indian mathematics 800 BC - 200 BC, History of mathematics - Greek and Hellenistic mathematics 550 BC - 200 BC, History of mathematics - Chinese mathematics 200 BC - AD 1200, History of mathematics - Classical Indian mathematics 200 BC - AD 1600, History of mathematics - Arabic and Persian mathematics 650 - 1500, History of mathematics - European Renaissance mathematics 1200 - 1600, History of mathematics - 17th century, History of mathematics - 18th century, History of mathematics - Complex numbers, History of mathematics - Miscellaneous historical notes, History of mathematics - Notes

Read more here: » History of mathematics: Encyclopedia II - History of mathematics - Chinese mathematics 200 BC - AD 1200

History of gardening - Ancient Near East. Hanging Gardens of Babylon Assyrian/Persian paradise garden or enclosed hunting-orchard. Royalty, most likely that found in Egypt, was probably also very instrumental in the development of the garden, much as royalty and the privileged classes throughout the centuries h ...

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History of gardening, History of gardening - The historical development of garden styles, History of gardening - Ancient Near East, History of gardening - Hellenistic and Roman gardens, History of gardening - Islamic gardens, History of gardening - Chinese and Japanese gardens, History of gardening - European gardens: Medieval, History of gardening - Modern gardens, History of gardening - Gardens in Poland, History of gardening - Historic gardeners, History of gardening - Notable historic gardens

Read more here: » History of gardening: Encyclopedia II - History of gardening - The historical development of garden styles

History of gardening - Ancient Near East. Hanging Gardens of Babylon Assyrian/Persian paradise garden or enclosed hunting-orchard. Royalty, most likely that found in Egypt, was probably also very instrumental in the development of the garden, much as royalty and the privileged classes throughout the centuries have continued to influence the design and actualization of gardens. History of gardening - Hellenistic and Roman ga ...

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History of gardening, History of gardening - The historical development of garden styles, History of gardening - Ancient Near East, History of gardening - Hellenistic and Roman gardens, History of gardening - Islamic gardens, History of gardening - Chinese and Japanese gardens, History of gardening - European gardens: Medieval, History of gardening - Modern gardens, History of gardening - Gardens in Poland, History of gardening - Historic gardeners, History of gardening - Notable historic gardens

Read more here: » History of gardening: Encyclopedia II - History of gardening - The historical development of garden styles

Homosexuality has been documented in China since ancient times. According the scholar Ji Yun of the Qing Dynasty, already at the very beginning Huang Di (The Yellow Emperor, 2697? - 2597? BCE), legendary king and founder of the Chinese culture, had male lovers. This is naturally not very trustworthy because whether there was really a person called Huang Di is not very clear. Two notable royal examples come from a formulaic expression, yútáo duànxiù (余桃断袖). Yútáo, or "the leftover peach", recorded in Hanf ...

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Homosexuality in China, Homosexuality in China - Terminology in Chinese, Homosexuality in China - Traditional views towards homosexuality in China's society, Homosexuality in China - Same-sex love in literature, Homosexuality in China - Ancient China, Homosexuality in China - Modern China, Homosexuality in China - Same-sex marriage in China, Homosexuality in China - Hong Kong, Homosexuality in China - Taiwan, Homosexuality in China - Taiwanese Homosexual History, Homosexuality in China - Recent Taiwanese Homosexual News/Events, Homosexuality in China - Culture, Homosexuality in China - People, Homosexuality in China - Movies and TV series, Homosexuality in China - Books

Read more here: » Homosexuality in China: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in China - Ancient China

See article History of Western philosophy Western philosophy has a long history. Conventionally divided into three large eras - the Ancient, Medieval and Modern. The Ancient era runs through the fall of Rome and includes the Greek philosophers such as Plato. The Medieval period runs until roughly the late 1400s and the Renaissance. The "Modern" is a word with more varied use, which includes everything from Post-Medieval through the specific period up to the 20th century. Contemporary philosophy encompasses the philosophical developements of the 20th century up to the present day. ...

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History of philosophy, History of philosophy - Western Philosophy, History of philosophy - Ancient philosophy, History of philosophy - Medieval philosophy, History of philosophy - Modern philosophy, History of philosophy - Contemporary philosophy, History of philosophy - Eastern philosophy, History of philosophy - Buddhist philosophy, History of philosophy - Chinese philosophy, History of philosophy - Hindu philosophy, History of philosophy - Abrahamic philosophy, History of philosophy - Jewish philosophy, History of philosophy - Christian philosophy, History of philosophy - Islamic philosophy

Read more here: » History of philosophy: Encyclopedia II - History of philosophy - Western Philosophy

Another remarkable thing is the prominence of friendship between men in the ancient Chinese culture. There are many examples in the classic novels, especially in Water Margin, a book about very deep and long lasting male friendships. These bonds were based on revolutionary comradeship in war, instead of homosexual tendencies. However, other works depict less Platonic relationships. In the novel Dream of the Red Chamber, there ...

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Homosexuality in China, Homosexuality in China - Terminology in Chinese, Homosexuality in China - Traditional views towards homosexuality in China's society, Homosexuality in China - Same-sex love in literature, Homosexuality in China - Ancient China, Homosexuality in China - Modern China, Homosexuality in China - Same-sex marriage in China, Homosexuality in China - Hong Kong, Homosexuality in China - Taiwan, Homosexuality in China - Taiwanese Homosexual History, Homosexuality in China - Recent Taiwanese Homosexual News/Events, Homosexuality in China - Culture, Homosexuality in China - People, Homosexuality in China - Movies and TV series, Homosexuality in China - Books

Read more here: » Homosexuality in China: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality in China - Same-sex love in literature

In classical times, these inquiries were systematized in six schools of philosophy. The questions asked were: What is the ontological nature of consciousness? How is cognition itself experienced? Is mind (chit) intentional or not? Does cognition have its own structure? The six schools of Indian philosophy are: Mimamsa Samkhya See also:

Ancient philosophy, Ancient philosophy - Classical, Ancient philosophy - Greek, Ancient philosophy - Roman, Ancient philosophy - Schools of thought in the Hellenistic period, Ancient philosophy - Vedic philosophy, Ancient philosophy - Classical Indian philosophy, Ancient philosophy - Old Iranian philosophy, Ancient philosophy - Chinese philosophy

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Liberal Biblical scholarship concludes that the Biblical account was based upon Mesopotamian models. A majority of Christian fundamentalists believe that the prevalence of the story points to its origin in an actual, historical event. They argue that the high level of detail given in Genesis makes it an inherently reliable account, and that the other stories are accounts of the same historical event which were distorted into mythology over time. They claim that the Epic of Gilgamesh is merely a corrupted retelling of Genesis (though Genesis is beli ...

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Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - The ark, Noah's Ark - The flood, Noah's Ark - After the flood, Noah's Ark - Theology, Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts, Noah's Ark - The flood as purported history, Noah's Ark - Geology, Noah's Ark - Depth of the floodwaters, Noah's Ark - Ancient Chinese characters, Noah's Ark - Modern searches, Noah's Ark - Modern allusions

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Prior to the global adoption of the metric system many different systems of measurement had been in use. Many of these were related to some extent or other. Often they were based on the dimensions of the human body. In the History of measurement many of the units that we have records of, or at least the ones that have been used in Europe and around the Mediterranean are variations on older systems originating in the Ancient Near East and Egypt. Systems of measurement - Ancient systems of measurement. < ...

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Systems of measurement, Systems of measurement - The metric system, Systems of measurement - Imperial and US customary units, Systems of measurement - Natural units, Systems of measurement - Atomic units, Systems of measurement - Non-standard units, Systems of measurement - Units of currency, Systems of measurement - Historical Mediterranean and European systems of measurement, Systems of measurement - Ancient systems of measurement, Systems of measurement - Mediæval measurements, Systems of measurement - The Chinese system, Systems of measurement - Other historical systems of measurement

Read more here: » Systems of measurement: Encyclopedia II - Systems of measurement - Historical Mediterranean and European systems of measurement

Tattoo - Diversity. Tattooing has been a nearly ubiquitous human practice. The Ainu, the indigenous people of Japan, wore facial tattoos. Tattooing was widespread among Polynesian peoples, and in the Philippines, Borneo, Africa, North America, South America, Mesoamerica, Japan, and China. Tattoo - Tattooing in prehistoric times. Tattooing has been a Eurasian practice since Neolithic times. "Ötzi the Iceman", dated circa 3300 BC, exhibits therapeutic tattoos (small parallel das ...

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Tattoo, Tattoo - Prevalence, Tattoo - History, Tattoo - Diversity, Tattoo - Tattooing in prehistoric times, Tattoo - Tattooing in the ancient world, Tattoo - Tattooing in Chinese literature, Tattoo - Reintroduction in the Western world, Tattoo - The electric tattoo machine, Tattoo - Negative associations, Tattoo - Popular and youth culture, Tattoo - Purpose, Tattoo - Procedure, Tattoo - Permanent cosmetics, Tattoo - Natural tattoos, Tattoo - Temporary tattoos, Tattoo - Dyes and pigments, Tattoo - Tattoo removal, Tattoo - Risks, Tattoo - Diseases, Tattoo - Allergic reactions, Tattoo - Infection, Tattoo - Tattoos and MRI, Tattoo - Deciding where to get a tattoo, Tattoo - Aftercare, Tattoo - Other uses

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Silk Road - Zhang Qian 138–126 BCE. The next step came around 130 BC, with the embassies of the Han Dynasty to Central Asia, following the reports of the ambassador Zhang Qian (who was originally sent to obtain an alliance with the Yuezhi against the Xiong-Nu, in vain). The Chinese emperor Wudi became interested in developing commercial relationship with the sophisticated urban civilizations of Ferghana, Bactria and Parthia: “The Son of Heaven on hearing all this reasoned thus: Ferghana (Dayuan) and the posse ...

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Silk Road, Silk Road - Origins, Silk Road - Cross-continental travel, Silk Road - Ancient transport, Silk Road - Egyptian maritime trade, Silk Road - British tin, Silk Road - Chinese and Central Asian contacts, Silk Road - Persian Royal Road, Silk Road - Roman and Egyptian transatlantic voyages, Silk Road - Hellenistic conquests, Silk Road - Chinese exploration of Central Asia, Silk Road - Zhang Qian 138–126 BCE, Silk Road - Ban Chao 97–102 CE, Silk Road - The Roman Empire and silk, Silk Road - Central Asian commercial & cultural exchanges, Silk Road - Artistic transmission on the Silk Road, Silk Road - Mongol era, Silk Road - Technological transfer to the West, Silk Road - Disintegration, Silk Road - The great explorers: Europe reaching for Asia, Silk Road - External links, Silk Road - Notes

Read more here: » Silk Road: Encyclopedia II - Silk Road - Chinese exploration of Central Asia

Japanese poetry - Poems in Kojiki and Nihonshoki. Until Korean scholars brought Chinese classical texts to Japan in the 6th century, Japanese was an unwritten language. The oldest written work in Japanese literature is Kojiki in the 8th century, in which Ota Yasumaro recorded Japanese mythology and history as recited by Hieda no Are, to whom it was handed down by his ancestors. Many of the poetic pieces recorded by the Kojiki were perhaps transmitted from the time the Japanese had no w ...

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Japanese poetry, Japanese poetry - Ancient, Japanese poetry - Poems in Kojiki and Nihonshoki, Japanese poetry - Early Manyoshu poets Vol. I-III, Japanese poetry - Chinese influence, Japanese poetry - Nara period poets, Japanese poetry - Waka in the early Heian period, Japanese poetry - The culmination of Kanshi, Japanese poetry - Kokinshu, Japanese poetry - Influence of Kokin-wakashu, Japanese poetry - Imperial anthologies of Waka, Japanese poetry - From the late ancient to Middle, Japanese poetry - Waka in the life of Kuge, Japanese poetry - Roei style, Japanese poetry - Age of Nyobo or court ladies, Japanese poetry - Poetry in the period of cloistered rule, Japanese poetry - Shinkokin Wakashu, Japanese poetry - Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poetry - Pre-modern, Japanese poetry - Modern, Japanese poetry - Contemporary, Japanese poetry - Important Poets premodern, Japanese poetry - Important poets Modern, Japanese poetry - Important collections and works

Read more here: » Japanese poetry: Encyclopedia II - Japanese poetry - Ancient

Silk Road - Zhang Qian 138-126 BCE. The next step came around 130 BC, with the embassies of the Han Dynasty to Central Asia, following the reports of the ambassador Zhang Qian (who was originally sent to obtain an alliance with the Yuezhi against the Xiong-Nu, in vain). The Chinese emperor Wudi became interested in developing commercial relationship with the sophisticated urban civilizations of Ferghana, Bactria and Parthia: “The Son of Heaven on hearing all this reasoned thus: Ferghana (Dayuan) and the possess ...

See also:

Silk Road, Silk Road - Origins, Silk Road - Cross-continental travel, Silk Road - Ancient transport, Silk Road - Egyptian maritime trade, Silk Road - British tin, Silk Road - Chinese and Central Asian contacts, Silk Road - Persian Royal Road, Silk Road - Roman and Egyptian transatlantic voyages, Silk Road - Hellenistic conquests, Silk Road - Chinese exploration of Central Asia, Silk Road - Zhang Qian 138-126 BCE, Silk Road - Ban Chao 97-102 CE, Silk Road - The Roman Empire and silk, Silk Road - Central Asian commercial & cultural exchanges, Silk Road - Artistic transmission on the Silk Road, Silk Road - Mongol era, Silk Road - Technological transfer to the West, Silk Road - Disintegration, Silk Road - The great explorers: Europe reaching for Asia, Silk Road - External links, Silk Road - Notes

Read more here: » Silk Road: Encyclopedia II - Silk Road - Chinese exploration of Central Asia