A clade is group of organisms which share a common ancestor and which includes all descendents of that ancestor. Taxonomy which requires all taxa to be clades is called cladistics. A clade may or may not conform to an existing taxon. A clade is thus a monophyletic group of organisms. The term evolutionary grade is sometimes used for groups of related organisms that don't include all decendents of their common ancestor. The PhyloCode is an attempt at a Code that will allow clades to get a formal name.

The Eighth Doctor is captured while escaping from the Edifice, a massive, bone structure that has appeared in the skies above Gallifrey, and taken to Gallifrey where he is accused of being an agent of Faction Paradox. The Doctor is forced to aid the Time Lords in the capture of Compassion to aid in the forthcoming War. Meanwhile, Fitz appears before a group of disenchanted, young Time Lords who are holding rituals based on the occult texts of Faction Paradox and finds himself unable to escape. Getting further embroiled in the group's ...

See also:

The Ancestor Cell, The Ancestor Cell - Plot, The Ancestor Cell - Notes

Read more here: » The Ancestor Cell: Encyclopedia II - The Ancestor Cell - Plot

ANCESTOR WORSHIP: The belief inherent in some religions, such as Shintoism, that asserts the continued existence of the deceased and the influence that the living descendants have upon their existence. Descendants have an obligation to support their ancestors through their actions and reverence.

(See also: ANCESTOR WORSHIP, Magickal Traditions, Magickal Paths, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

Ancestor Worship A cult widely observed among peoples and usually defined as the cult of the spirits of parents and forefathers. It implies belief in the continued existence of the deceased and in certain cases in their power of being interested in and affected by the fortunes of their living descendants; the sense of a perpetual spiritual unity and moral reciprocity in obligations and services; and a dependence of the fortunes of the living on the fulfillment of these obligations.

This can be seen from the ancient Roman ideas portrayed in the Aeneid, where the household gods (lares and penates) are so carefully preserved through all vicissitudes. This belief and practice point to times when death was regarded as merely an event in a continuous life. With the ancient cults, the sense of personal separateness seems merged in the more vivid sense of family unity, from whose privileges and obligations death is no discharge. In fact, theosophy suggests that the reimbodying ego of an ancestor actually takes a body born of its own descendants as a result of the transmigration of life-atoms. Thus what might be called an ancestral blood stream, or a tree with collateral branches, subsists.

The basic idea behind ancestor worship seems to be that its holders envisaged unity in a continuous and never-ending stream of lives, perpetuating itself in succession through the ages, and out of which and back into which individuals arise and sink, an idea in direct contrast to the modern view that the individual is the most important factor in life.

(See also: Ancestor Worship, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

ANCESTOR WORSHIP: ritualized propitiation and invocation of dead kin, based on the belief that spirits influence the fate of the living. A widespread ancient practice.

(See also: Ancestor worship, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Definition and meaning of common ancestor:

common ancestor - the most recent ancestral form or species from which two different species evolved

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

For more dictionary entries, see » Ancestors Dictionary

In Islamic traditions, there are varying accounts of Enoch's "death", which are thought to possibly contain traces of lost aggadahs. One account simply describes him as being on a visit to the Angel of Heaven, at a time the Angel of Death happened to be due to meet him, and so he died in the embrace of the Angel of Heaven, remaining in the 4th heaven forever. In other versions, Enoch is presented as a student of the knowledge given to him by the ...

See also:

Enoch ancestor of Noah, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a man rewarded for piety, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch in Freemasonry, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a victim of the Angel of Death, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Metatron, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a Greek, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Emmerduranki and Gilgamesh

Read more here: » Enoch ancestor of Noah: Encyclopedia II - Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a victim of the Angel of Death

In Freemasonry legend, Enoch was the guardian of a secret doctrine that was first given to Adam to guard and preserve, which included specific knowledge of or about God, including his name. The secret was preserved from father to son within a close inner circle of believers until it was given to Enoch. Enoch was given a vision on a hill called Moriah, where he saw a cave with a lid or a covered vault that preserved sacred relics, including a gold record containing unknown engravings and symbols, one of which designated the name of the hill. Enoch was shown on this record the sacred name ...

See also:

Enoch ancestor of Noah, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a man rewarded for piety, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch in Freemasonry, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a victim of the Angel of Death, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Metatron, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a Greek, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Emmerduranki and Gilgamesh

Read more here: » Enoch ancestor of Noah: Encyclopedia II - Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch in Freemasonry

In the late first millennium BC, extensive writings attributed to Enoch appeared, in particular the 4 works known as the Book of Enoch. While all of these are regarded as non-canonical by all but Coptic Christianity, even Coptic Christianity regards the last two as dubious. These recount how Enoch is taken up to heaven, and is appointed guardian of all the celestial treasures, chief of the archangels, and the immediate attendant on God's throne. He is subsequently taught all secrets and mysteries, and, while all the angels are at his beck, f ...

See also:

Enoch ancestor of Noah, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a man rewarded for piety, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch in Freemasonry, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a victim of the Angel of Death, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Metatron, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a Greek, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Emmerduranki and Gilgamesh

Read more here: » Enoch ancestor of Noah: Encyclopedia II - Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Metatron

In classical Rabbinical literature, there are divergent opinions of Enoch. After Christianity and Judaism had completely separated, the prevailing view regarding Enoch was that of Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, which thought of Enoch as a pious man, taken to heaven, and receiving the title of Safra rabba (Great scribe). However, while Christianity was in the process of detaching itself from Judaism, the Jewish view was often highly negative. In these views, for example held by Abbahu, Rashi, and Ibn Ezra, Enoch was held to frequently lapse in his piety, and thus re ...

See also:

Enoch ancestor of Noah, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a man rewarded for piety, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch in Freemasonry, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a victim of the Angel of Death, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Metatron, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a Greek, Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as Emmerduranki and Gilgamesh

Read more here: » Enoch ancestor of Noah: Encyclopedia II - Enoch ancestor of Noah - Enoch as a man rewarded for piety

When two people have made changes to copies of the same file, diff3 can produce a merged output that contains both sets of changes together with warnings about conflicts. diff3 can merge three or more sets of changes to a file by merging two change sets at a time. diff3 can incorporate changes from two modified versions into a common preceding version. This enables users to merge the sets of changes represented by the two newer files. This can be enabled using a ...

See also:

Diff3, Diff3 - Merging from a common ancestor

Read more here: » Diff3: Encyclopedia II - Diff3 - Merging from a common ancestor

Before the recent discoveries in Pakistan, one popular theory of cetacean evolution was that whales were related to the mesonychids, an extinct order of carnivorous ungulates (hoofed animals), which looked rather like wolves with hooves. These animals possessed unusual triangular teeth that are similar to those of whales. For this reason, scientists had long believed that whales evolved from a form of mesonychid. However, DNA analysis generated an alternative hypothesis. Whale DNA is more similar to that of the hippopotamids than to any other living animal. Therefore, a debate arose as to whether hippopotami (hip ...

See also:

Evolution of cetaceans, Evolution of cetaceans - Earliest ancestors, Evolution of cetaceans - Pakicetids: the earliest Cetaceans?, Evolution of cetaceans - Ambulocetids and remingtonocetids, Evolution of cetaceans - Protocetids, Evolution of cetaceans - Basilosaurids and dorudontids: fully marine cetaceans

Read more here: » Evolution of cetaceans: Encyclopedia II - Evolution of cetaceans - Earliest ancestors

Also, the existence of an MRCA does not imply any sort of population bottleneck or first couple. The MRCA of everyone alive today co-existed with a large human population, most of whom either have no living descendants today or else are ancestors of almost everyone alive today. Most recent common ancestor - Patrilineal and matrilineal ancestry. The most recent common patrilineal ancestor of all living male humans, and the most recent common matrilineal ancestor of all living female humans have been ...

See also:

Most recent common ancestor, Most recent common ancestor - MRCA of two individuals, Most recent common ancestor - MRCA of all living humans, Most recent common ancestor - Patrilineal and matrilineal ancestry, Most recent common ancestor - Time estimates

Read more here: » Most recent common ancestor: Encyclopedia II - Most recent common ancestor - MRCA of all living humans

Halfdan the Old - Hyndluljód. The eddic poem Hyndluljód states in verses 14–16: "Of old the noblest     of all was Áli, Before him Halfdan,     foremost of Skjöldungs [Skjǫldungar]; Famed were the battles     the hero fought, To the corners of heaven     his deeds were carried. "Strengthened by Eymund [Eymundr],     the strongest of men, Sigtrygg [Sigtryggr] he slew     ...

See also:

Halfdan the Old, Halfdan the Old - Halfdan the Old ancestor of many lineages, Halfdan the Old - Hyndluljód, Halfdan the Old - Skáldskaparmál, Halfdan the Old - Ættartolur, Halfdan the Old - Halfdan the Old of Gór's lineage, Halfdan the Old - Variant spellings

Read more here: » Halfdan the Old: Encyclopedia II - Halfdan the Old - Halfdan the Old ancestor of many lineages

The source of the model of organization incorporating drills, curfews and tea was most likely observed by the leaders of the movement whilst working in plantations far away from the Papuan Gulf, where they also picked up Tok Pisin. It is likely that there they also learned about the war with Germany, since the glossolalia was described as "djaman". It has been suggested that ideas about 'cargo' - specifically, the belief that it was diverted from the ancestors by whites - emerged wi ...

See also:

Vailala Madness, Vailala Madness - Name, Vailala Madness - Return of the Ancestors, Vailala Madness - White Ancestors, Vailala Madness - Regulation of Life after Colonial Fashion, Vailala Madness - Strict Moral Code, Vailala Madness - Abandonment of Ceremonies, Vailala Madness - Source of these Beliefs, Vailala Madness - Observers and the End of the Movement

Read more here: » Vailala Madness: Encyclopedia II - Vailala Madness - Source of these Beliefs

Mitochondrial Eve is sometimes referred to as African Eve, an ancestor who has been hypothesized on the grounds of fossil as well as DNA evidence. According to the most common interpretation of the mitochondrial DNA data, the titles belong to the same hypothetical woman. Family trees (or "phylogenies") constructed on the basis of mitochondrial DNA comparisons show that the living humans whose mitochondrial lineages branched earliest from the tree are indigenous Africans, whereas the lineages of indigenous peoples on other continents a ...

See also:

Mitochondrial Eve, Mitochondrial Eve - Matrilineal descent, Mitochondrial Eve - Most recent common ancestor, Mitochondrial Eve - Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial Eve - Academic investigation, Mitochondrial Eve - Eve and the Out-of-Africa theory, Mitochondrial Eve - In popular culture

Read more here: » Mitochondrial Eve: Encyclopedia II - Mitochondrial Eve - Eve and the Out-of-Africa theory

Although Mitochondrial Eve was named after Eve of the Genesis creation myth, this has led to some misunderstandings among the general public. A common misconception is that Mitochondrial Eve was the only living female of her time — she was not (indeed, had she been, humanity would have probably become extinct). Rather, at all times during humanity's existence there has been a large population of humans. Many women alive at the same time as Mitochondrial Eve have descendants alive today. However, only Mitochondrial Eve produced an unbrok ...

See also:

Mitochondrial Eve, Mitochondrial Eve - Matrilineal descent, Mitochondrial Eve - Most recent common ancestor, Mitochondrial Eve - Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial Eve - Academic investigation, Mitochondrial Eve - Eve and the Out-of-Africa theory, Mitochondrial Eve - In popular culture

Read more here: » Mitochondrial Eve: Encyclopedia II - Mitochondrial Eve - Matrilineal descent

Bryan Sykes has written a popular science book entitled The Seven Daughters of Eve. The Discovery Channel has produced a documentary entitled The Real Eve. The Japanese novel, horror film and video game series Parasite Eve uses the Mitochondrial Eve theory as the basis for a fantasy about a scientist resurrecting his wife by regenerating her liver cells, with disastrous effects. Greg Egan ha ...

See also:

Mitochondrial Eve, Mitochondrial Eve - Matrilineal descent, Mitochondrial Eve - Most recent common ancestor, Mitochondrial Eve - Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial Eve - Academic investigation, Mitochondrial Eve - Eve and the Out-of-Africa theory, Mitochondrial Eve - In popular culture

Read more here: » Mitochondrial Eve: Encyclopedia II - Mitochondrial Eve - In popular culture

We know about Eve because of mitochondria organelles that are passed only from mother to offspring. Each mitochondrion contains Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and the comparison of DNA sequences from mtDNA reveals a molecular phylogeny. Unlike mtDNA which is outside the nucleus, genes in nuclear DNA become mixed because of recombination, and therefore we can be statistically less certain about their origins. Diversity is magnified in mtDNA and population bottlenecks ...

See also:

Mitochondrial Eve, Mitochondrial Eve - Matrilineal descent, Mitochondrial Eve - Most recent common ancestor, Mitochondrial Eve - Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial Eve - Academic investigation, Mitochondrial Eve - Eve and the Out-of-Africa theory, Mitochondrial Eve - In popular culture

Read more here: » Mitochondrial Eve: Encyclopedia II - Mitochondrial Eve - Mitochondrial DNA

Fujian White Crane is one of the constituent styles of Five Ancestors. Five Ancestors as well as various styles of Karate, notably Goju Ryu and Uechi Ryu, obtained the routine San Chian from Fujian White Crane. San Chian is best known by the Japanese pronunciation of its name: Sanchin. ...

See also:

Fujian White Crane martial art, Fujian White Crane martial art - The legend of the White Crane, Fujian White Crane martial art - Branches, Fujian White Crane martial art - History, Fujian White Crane martial art - Influence

Read more here: » Fujian White Crane martial art: Encyclopedia II - Fujian White Crane martial art - Influence

Main article: O-bon O-bon, or simple Bon, is the Japanese version of the Ghost Festival. It has since been transformed over time into a family reunion holiday during which people from the big cities return to their home towns and visit and clean their ancestors' graves. Traditionally including a dance festival, it has existed in Japan for more than 500 years. It is held from 13th of July to the 16th ("Welcoming Obon" and "Farewell Obon" respectively) in the eastern part of ...

See also:

Ghost Festival, Ghost Festival - Buddhist Ghost Festival: Ullambana, Ghost Festival - Mahāmaudgalyāyana Saves His Mother From Hell, Ghost Festival - Japanese Ghost Festival: O-bon

Read more here: » Ghost Festival: Encyclopedia II - Ghost Festival - Japanese Ghost Festival: O-bon