anatomist

The country's constitution was revised on 14 July 1993 to create a unique federal state, based on three levels: The federal government, based in Brussels. The three language communities: the Flemish (i.e., Dutch-speaking) Community; the French (i.e., French-speaking) Community; and the German-speaking Community. The three regions (which differ from the language communities with respect to the German-speaking community and th ...

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Belgium, Belgium - History, Belgium - Politics, Belgium - Communities and regions, Belgium - Geography, Belgium - Economy, Belgium - Demographics, Belgium - Culture, Belgium - Notes

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Charles Bell was a highly proficuous researcher and author. He first published detailed studies of the nervous system and brain in 1811, in his book An Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain. He described his experiments with animals and how he was the first to distinguish between sensory and motor nerves. This book is considered by many the founding stone of clinical neurology. He was one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice. He described in 1821 the trajectory of the facia ...

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Charles Bell, Charles Bell - Life, Charles Bell - Works

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DNA evidence suggests that the Bonobo and Common Chimpanzee species have stayed apart for about 5 million years. The two species separated just 500,000 years after they diverged from the last common ancestor with humans. Since no species other than Homo sapiens has survived from the human line of that branching, the two chimpanzee species are the closest living relatives of humans, sharing approximately 97% of their DNA with humans (the original estimate was 98.5 percent). Bonobos passed the mirror-recognition test for self-awareness ...

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Bonobo, Bonobo - Name, Bonobo - Physical characteristics, Bonobo - Psychological characteristics, Bonobo - Social behavior, Bonobo - Habitat, Bonobo - Closeness to humanity, Bonobo - Strategies for financing protection from extinction

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Every September Dalian hosts the Dalian International Fashion Festival. This festival is a chance for many major foreign companies to showcase their new products and sign up buyers. Before the festival, the city holds an opening ceremony attended by government officials as well as famous stars of the entertainment world. Dalian is the home of three zoological parks: Dalian Forest Zoo, Shengya Ocean World, and Polar World. The Forest Zoo has a free-range animal section as well as a more traditional zoo. Shengya Ocean World includes an underwater conveyor through a transparent tunnel. Polar World is the only ...

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Dalian, Dalian - Geography, Dalian - History, Dalian - Subdivisions, Dalian - Economy, Dalian - Transportation, Dalian - Cultural Life, Dalian - Beaches, Dalian - Miscellaneous, Dalian - Colleges and universities

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List of Danes - Linguistics Philology and Folklore. Ada Adler, (1878-1946) Otto Jespersen, (1860-1943) Louis Hjelmslev, (1899-1955) Johan Nicolai Madvig, (1804-1886) Axel Olrik, (1864-1917) Holger Pedersen, (1867-1953), linguist Rasmus Rask Finn Thiesen, (1941-), linguist & iranologue Vilhelm Thomsen, (1842-1927) Karl Verner, (1846-1896), linguist List of Danes - Education. N.F.S. Grundtvig, educational ...

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List of Danes, List of Danes - Sciences, List of Danes - Pure and Applied Mathematics, List of Danes - Computer Science, List of Danes - Astronomy, List of Danes - Physics, List of Danes - Chemistry, List of Danes - Geology, List of Danes - Biology and Genetics, List of Danes - Anatomy and Medicine, List of Danes - Economics, List of Danes - Industrial Enterprise, List of Danes - Humanities, List of Danes - Linguistics Philology and Folklore, List of Danes - Education, List of Danes - Archaeology, List of Danes - History, List of Danes - Jurisprudence, List of Danes - Philosophy, List of Danes - Literature and Journalism, List of Danes - Arts and Culture, List of Danes - Sculpture and Painting, List of Danes - Design, List of Danes - Architecture, List of Danes - Musical Theory and Composition, List of Danes - Performing Arts Theatre and Film, List of Danes - Historical Figures, List of Danes - Government statesmanship, List of Danes - Kings and Queens, List of Danes - Exploration and Cartography, List of Danes - Other, List of Danes - Sports, List of Danes - Badminton, List of Danes - Football, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders and Greenlanders, List of Danes - Faroe Islanders, List of Danes - Greenlanders

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A new harbor for oil tankers, at the terminus of an oil pipeline from the Daqing oilfields, was completed in 1976. Dalian is the largest petroleum port in China, and also the 3rd largest port overall. Accordingly, Dalian is a major center for oil refineries, diesel engineering, and chemical production. Dalian has been given many benefits by the Chinese government, including the title of "open-city," (1984) which allows it considerable foreign inves ...

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Dalian, Dalian - Geography, Dalian - History, Dalian - Subdivisions, Dalian - Economy, Dalian - Transportation, Dalian - Cultural Life, Dalian - Beaches, Dalian - Miscellaneous, Dalian - Colleges and universities

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The city administrates 6 districts, 3 county-level cities, and 1 county. Ganjingzi, Zhongshan, Xigang, Shahekou make up the urban centre. Changhai County is made up entirely of islands east of the peninsula. There are 74 sub-districts and 127 town/townships (11 of which are ethnic). (see Political divisions of China#Levels) There are, in addition, 4 national leading open zones (对外开放先导区): - The Development Zone (开发区) - The Free Trade Zone (保税区) - The Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (高新技术产业园区) - The Golden Pebble Beach National Holiday ...

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Dalian, Dalian - Geography, Dalian - History, Dalian - Subdivisions, Dalian - Economy, Dalian - Transportation, Dalian - Cultural Life, Dalian - Beaches, Dalian - Miscellaneous, Dalian - Colleges and universities

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One of the most heavily developed industrial areas of China, the Dalian administrative district today consists of Dalian proper and the smaller Lüshunkou, formerly Lüshun city known in western and Russian historic references as Port Arthur, about forty nautical miles farther along the Liaotung/Liaodong Peninsula. Historical references note that the Russian designed city of Dalny (Alt. Dalney), on the south side of Talien Bay was 40 rail kilometers from Port Arthur/Lüshun (known today as Lüshunkou or ...

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Dalian, Dalian - Geography, Dalian - History, Dalian - Subdivisions, Dalian - Economy, Dalian - Transportation, Dalian - Cultural Life, Dalian - Beaches, Dalian - Miscellaneous, Dalian - Colleges and universities

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In 1543, Vesalius published the seven-volume De humani corporis fabrica (On the fabric of the human body), a groundbreaking work of human anatomy he dedicated to Charles V and which was illustrated by Titian's pupil Jan Stephen van Calcar. A few weeks later he published an abridged edition for students, Andrea Vesalii suorum de humani corporis fabrica librorum epitome, and dedicated it to Philip II of Spain, son of the Emperor. The work emphasized the priority of dissection and what has come to be called the "anat ...

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Vesalius, Vesalius - Early life and education, Vesalius - De Corporis Fabrica, Vesalius - Imperial Physician and Death, Vesalius - Trivia

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See also: mass hysteria The causes of fear can vary to a surprising degree; fear is to a certain extent a "cultural artefact" (Clifford Geertz). In 19th century Britain, one of the biggest fears was of dying poor, unmourned, unremembered, and possibly ending up on an anatomist's dissection table. By the early twentieth century, this had given way to a fear of being buried alive, to the extent that those who could afford it would make all sorts of arrangements to ensure this would be avoided (eg glass lids, for observation, and ...

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Fear, Fear - Degrees of fear, Fear - Distrust, Fear - Paranoia, Fear - Terror, Fear - Expression, Fear - Facial, Fear - Cause of fear

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Fear - Facial. In fear, ones eyes widen and the upper lip rises. The brows draw together and the lips stretch horizontally. ...

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Fear, Fear - Degrees of fear, Fear - Distrust, Fear - Paranoia, Fear - Terror, Fear - Expression, Fear - Facial, Fear - Cause of fear

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Main article: genital modification and mutilation The external part of the clitoris may be partially or totally removed during female circumcision (also known as a clitorectomy) in voluntary or involuntary procedures. The topic is highly controversial with many countries condemning the traditions that give rise to involuntary procedures with some countries outlawing even voluntary procedures. Amnesty International estimates that over 2 million involuntary female circumcisions are being perf ...

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Clitoris, Clitoris - Development and formation, Clitoris - Recognition of existence, Clitoris - Body modification, Clitoris - Popular culture

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He tried in vain to convince his peers that the fossils were from Mesozoic strata by carefully studying rock layers. Sir Richard Owen famously disputed Mantell's assertion by claiming that the teeth were of mammalian origins. Years later, Mantell had acquired enough fossil evidence to show that the dinosaur's forelimbs were much shorter than its hind legs, therefore ruling out any mammal. Mantell went on to demonstrate that fossil vertebrae Owen had attributed to a variety of diffe ...

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Gideon Mantell, Gideon Mantell - Giant iguana-like teeth, Gideon Mantell - Recognition, Gideon Mantell - Later years, Gideon Mantell - Death and remembrance

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In 1833 Mantell relocated to Brighton, but his medical practice suffered and he was almost rendered destitute, but for the town's council who promptly transformed his house into a museum. In 1839, Mary Mantell left her husband. That same year, Gideon's youngest son Walter emigrated to New Zealand. The museum in Brighton ultimately failed as a result of Mantell's habit of waiving the entrance fee. Finally ...

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Gideon Mantell, Gideon Mantell - Giant iguana-like teeth, Gideon Mantell - Recognition, Gideon Mantell - Later years, Gideon Mantell - Death and remembrance

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In the 1940s, following up on Griffith's experiment, Avery, McCleod and McCarty definitively identified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the "transforming principle" responsible for transmitting genetic information. In 1953, Francis Crick and James Watson published their famous paper on the structure of DNA, based on the research of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. These developments ignited the era of molecular biology ...

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History of evolutionary thought, History of evolutionary thought - From ancient times to 1850s, History of evolutionary thought - Acquired characteristics Lamarckism and natural selection, History of evolutionary thought - Later discrediting of Lamarckism and Orthogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1850s - early 20th century: Darwin's theory, History of evolutionary thought - 1920s-1940s: the modern evolutionary synthesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1940s-1960s: developments following molecular biology, History of evolutionary thought - 1960s-1980s: Williams revolution punctuated equilibrium, History of evolutionary thought - 1970s-2000s: evolutionary biology as a discipline, History of evolutionary thought - Recent developments in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Symbiogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - Neo-structuralist themes in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Altruism, History of evolutionary thought - Horizontal gene transfer, History of evolutionary thought - Unconventional extensions to evolutionary ideas, History of evolutionary thought - De Chardin's and Huxley's theories

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Main article: Modern evolutionary synthesis These questions of interpretation were not settled until the early 20th century, beginning with the work of an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel in the late 19th century, who outlined, through a series of ingeniously devised experiments, a model for inheritance of traits based on the fundamental unit of the gene. Mendel's work was unappreciated at the time and largely ignored by the biological community. When it was "rediscovered" in 1900, it led to a storm of conflict between Mendeli ...

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History of evolutionary thought, History of evolutionary thought - From ancient times to 1850s, History of evolutionary thought - Acquired characteristics Lamarckism and natural selection, History of evolutionary thought - Later discrediting of Lamarckism and Orthogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1850s - early 20th century: Darwin's theory, History of evolutionary thought - 1920s-1940s: the modern evolutionary synthesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1940s-1960s: developments following molecular biology, History of evolutionary thought - 1960s-1980s: Williams revolution punctuated equilibrium, History of evolutionary thought - 1970s-2000s: evolutionary biology as a discipline, History of evolutionary thought - Recent developments in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Symbiogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - Neo-structuralist themes in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Altruism, History of evolutionary thought - Horizontal gene transfer, History of evolutionary thought - Unconventional extensions to evolutionary ideas, History of evolutionary thought - De Chardin's and Huxley's theories

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Main articles: Inception of Darwin's theory, Development of Darwin's theory, Publication of Darwin's theory, Reaction to Darwin's theory While transmutation of species was accepted by a sizeable number of scientists before 1859, it was the publication of Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species which provided the first cogent mechanism by which evolutionary change could persist: his theory of natural selection. Darwin was motivated to publish his work on evolution after receiving a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace, in whi ...

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History of evolutionary thought, History of evolutionary thought - From ancient times to 1850s, History of evolutionary thought - Acquired characteristics Lamarckism and natural selection, History of evolutionary thought - Later discrediting of Lamarckism and Orthogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1850s - early 20th century: Darwin's theory, History of evolutionary thought - 1920s-1940s: the modern evolutionary synthesis, History of evolutionary thought - 1940s-1960s: developments following molecular biology, History of evolutionary thought - 1960s-1980s: Williams revolution punctuated equilibrium, History of evolutionary thought - 1970s-2000s: evolutionary biology as a discipline, History of evolutionary thought - Recent developments in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Symbiogenesis, History of evolutionary thought - Neo-structuralist themes in evolutionary theory, History of evolutionary thought - Altruism, History of evolutionary thought - Horizontal gene transfer, History of evolutionary thought - Unconventional extensions to evolutionary ideas, History of evolutionary thought - De Chardin's and Huxley's theories

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Medical literature first recognised the existence of the clitoris in the 16th century. This is the subject of some dispute: Realdo Colombo (also known as Matteo Renaldo Colombo) was a lecturer in surgery at the University of Padua, Italy, and in 1559 he published a book called De re anatomica in which he described the "seat of woman's delight". Colombo concluded, "Since no one has discerned these projections and their workings, if it is permissible to give names to things discovered by me, ...

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Clitoris, Clitoris - Development and formation, Clitoris - Recognition of existence, Clitoris - Body modification, Clitoris - Popular culture

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One theory on the origin of the name "Bonobo" is that it is a misspelling of the name of the town of Bolobo on the Congo river. A more likely explanation is that it comes from the name for "Ancestor" in an ancient Bantu language. As noted above, the scientific name for the Bonobo is Pan paniscus. Since the Bonobo DNA is at least 95% equal to that of Homo sapiens, some scientists maintain that they (and the Common Chimpanzee) should be reclassified as members of the genus Homo -- Homo panisc ...

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Bonobo, Bonobo - Name, Bonobo - Physical characteristics, Bonobo - Psychological characteristics, Bonobo - Social behavior, Bonobo - Habitat, Bonobo - Closeness to humanity, Bonobo - Strategies for financing protection from extinction

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The population density (342 per km²) is one of the highest in Europe, after the Netherlands and some smaller countries such as Monaco. The areas with the highest population density are around the Brussels-Antwerp-Ghent-Leuven agglomerations, as well as other important urban centres as Liège, Charleroi, Kortrijk, Bruges, Hasselt and Namur. The Ardennes have the lowest density. As of 2005, the Flemish Region has a population of about 6,043,161, Wallonia 3,395,942 and Brussels 1,006,749.^{See also:}

Belgium, Belgium - History, Belgium - Politics, Belgium - Communities and regions, Belgium - Geography, Belgium - Economy, Belgium - Demographics, Belgium - Culture, Belgium - Notes

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Densely populated, Belgium is located at the heart of one of the world's most highly industrialised regions. Belgium was the first continental European country to undergo the Industrial Revolution, in the early 1800s. Liège and Charleroi rapidly developed mining and steelmaking, which flourished until the mid-20th century. However, by the 1840s the textile industry of Flanders was in severe crisis and there was famine in Flanders (1846–50). After World War II, Ghent and Antwerp experienced a fast expansion of the chemical and petro ...

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Belgium, Belgium - History, Belgium - Politics, Belgium - Communities and regions, Belgium - Geography, Belgium - Economy, Belgium - Demographics, Belgium - Culture, Belgium - Notes

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Belgian cultural life has tended to concentrate within each community. The shared element is less important, because there are no bilingual universities, except the royal military academy, no common media, and no single, common large cultural or scientific organisation where both main communities are represented. Aside from these differences, Belgium is well-known for its fine art and architecture. The region corresponding to today's Belgium has seen the flourishing of major artistic movements that have had tremendous influence over E ...

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Belgium, Belgium - History, Belgium - Politics, Belgium - Communities and regions, Belgium - Geography, Belgium - Economy, Belgium - Demographics, Belgium - Culture, Belgium - Notes

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