Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). It connects to the rib bones via cartilage, forming the rib cage with them, and thus helps to protect the lungs and heart from physical trauma. The sternum is usually cut open (a sternotomy) to gain access to the thoracic contents when performing cardiothoracic surgery. Sternum - Overview. The sternum (Figs. 1 to 3) is an elongated, flattened bone, forming the middle portion of the anterior wall of the thor ...

Including:

Sternum - Overview Sternum - Manubrium
Sternum - Surfaces Sternum - Borders
Sternum - Body
Sternum - Surfaces Sternum - Borders
Sternum - Xiphoid Process
Sternum - Surfaces
Sternum - Structure Sternum - Ossification Sternum - Articulations Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

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In anatomy, the arm is the upper limb of a bipedal mammal, specifically the segment between the shoulder and the elbow. Arm can also refer to any analogous structure, such as one of the paired forelimbs of a quadruped, or any muscular hydrostat similar to a tentacle, as seen on some cephalopods, such as octopuses. The term arm also refers to the entire upper limb in an organism. Anatomically, the segment between the elbow and wrist is properly called the forearm. In primates the arms are richly adapted for ...

Including:

Arm - Anatomy of the human arm
Arm - Bony structure and joints Arm - Osteofascial compartments Arm - Cubital fossa Arm - Nervous supply Arm - Blood supply and venous drainage

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Bone, also called osseous tissue, (Latin: "os") is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bones support body structures, protect internal organs, and (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; are also involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage. The bones of an animal are, collectively, known as the skeleton. Bone has a different composition than cartilage, and both are derived from mesoderm. In common parlance, cartilage can also be called "bone", cert ...

Including:

Bone - Functions
Bone - Post-mortem functions
Bone - Structure
Bone - Cells Bone - Matrix
Bone - Formation Bone - Bone pathologies Bone - Terminology

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Adipose tissue is an anatomical term for loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes. Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body. It has an important endocrine function in producing recently-discovered hormones such as leptin, resistin and TNFα. Adipose tissue - Anatomical features. Adipose tissue is primarily located beneath the skin, but is also found around internal organs. In the skin, it accumulates in the deepest level, the subcutaneous la ...

Including:

Adipose tissue - Anatomical features Adipose tissue - Physiology Adipose tissue - Cultural and social role

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A skull, or cranium, is a bony structure of Craniates which serves as the general framework for a head. The skull supports the structures of the face and protects the brain against injury. Skull - Humans. In humans, the adult skull is normally made up of 28 bones. Except for the mandible, all of the bones of the skull are joined together by sutures, rigid articulations permitting very little movement. Eight bones form the neurocranium (braincase), a protective vault of bone surrounding ...

Including:

Skull - Humans
Skull - Development of the skull Skull - Pathology Skull - Craniometry and morphology of human skulls Skull - Bones of the human skull Skull - Other features of the skull

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It articulates with two other tarsal bones, the talus above and the cuboid toward the midfoot. In addition to receiving the weight of the body with each step, the calcaneus is the anchor for the plantar fascia, which supports the arch of the foot. The posterior-most portion of the calcaneus is the calcaneal tuberosity, a large, non-articulating process that is the insertion point for the calcaneal tendon (or Achilles tendon). In addition, this process is the origin for some of t ...

See also:

Calcaneus, Calcaneus - Human, Calcaneus - Horse

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The clavicle serves several functions: It serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb are suspended. This arrangement keeps the upper limb away from the thorax so that the arm has maxiumum range of movement. Covers the cervicoaxillary canal (passageway between the neck and arm), through which several important structures pass. Transmits impacts from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. Even though it is classified as a long bone, the clavicle has no medullary (bone marrow) cavity like other long bones. It is made up of spongy (cancello ...

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Clavicle, Clavicle - Overview, Clavicle - Functions, Clavicle - Attachments, Clavicle - Development, Clavicle - Common Clavicle Injuries, Clavicle - Note about anatomical position

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Note: this article uses some professional terms to explain certain anatomical details. These words apply only when the body is in anatomical position, i.e., standing with palms of the hands facing forward. These terms are: superior - above inferior - below abduction - the movement of the limb away from the body medial - toward the midline lateral - away from the midline Please visit the ...

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Clavicle, Clavicle - Overview, Clavicle - Functions, Clavicle - Attachments, Clavicle - Development, Clavicle - Common Clavicle Injuries, Clavicle - Note about anatomical position

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The vomer articulates with six bones: two of the cranium, the sphenoid and ethmoid; and four of the face, the two maxillae; and the two palatine bones; it also articulates with the septal cartilage of the nose. This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove th ...

See also:

Vomer bone, Vomer bone - Ossification, Vomer bone - Articulations

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The pisiform bone may be known by its small size, and by its presenting a single articular facet. It is situated on a plane anterior to the other carpal bones and is spheroidal in form. Its dorsal surface presents a smooth, oval facet, for articulation with the triangular: this facet approaches the superior, but not the inferior border of the bone. The volar surface is rounded and rough, and gives attachment to the transverse carpal ligament, and to the Flexor carpi ulnaris and Abductor digiti quinti. The lateral and medial surfaces are also rough, ...

See also:

Pisiform bone, Pisiform bone - Overview of anatomy, Pisiform bone - Articulation

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The navicular bone (also called the navicular or scaphoid) is one of the tarsal bones, found in the foot. Its name derives from the bone's resemblance to a small boat, caused by the strongly concave proximal articular surface. It is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and occasionally laterally with the cuboid. The term navicular bone or hand navicular bone is sometimes used to describe the scap ...

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Navicular bone, Navicular bone - Human anatomy, Navicular bone - Horse anatomy

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The superior surface, the apex of the wedge, is narrow, convex, smooth, and articulates with the lunate. The inferior surface articulates with the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, by concave facets which are separated by a ridge. The dorsal surface is triangular and rough for ligamentous attachment. The volar surface presents, at its lower and ulnar side, a curved, hook-like process, the hamulus, directed forward and lateralward. This process gives attachment, by its apex, to the transverse ...

See also:

Hamate bone, Hamate bone - Surfaces, Hamate bone - Articulations, Hamate bone - Clinical significance

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The inferior nasal concha articulates with four bones: the ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal, and palatine. This article is based on an entry from the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy, which is in the public domain. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant. SKULL: cranial (frontal | parietal | temporal | occipital | sphenoid | ethmoid) | facial (zygomati ...

See also:

Inferior nasal conchae, Inferior nasal conchae - Ossification, Inferior nasal conchae - Articulations

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The greater multangular bone may be distinguished by a deep groove on its volar surface. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus, between the navicular and the first metacarpal bone. The superior surface is directed upward and medialward; medially it is smooth, and articulates with the navicular; laterally it is rough and continuous with the lateral surface. The inferior surface is oval, concave from side to side, convex from before backward, so as to form a saddle-shaped surface for articulation with the base of the first metac ...

See also:

Trapezium bone, Trapezium bone - Overview of anatomy, Trapezium bone - Articulations

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The scaphoid is the largest bone of the proximal row. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus, its long axis being from above downward, lateralward, and forward. The superior surface is convex, smooth, of triangular shape, and articulates with the lower end of the radius. The inferior surface, directed downward, lateralward, and backward, is also smooth, convex, and triangular, and is divided by a slight ridge into two parts, the lateral articulating with the greater ...

See also:

Scaphoid bone, Scaphoid bone - Overview of anatomy, Scaphoid bone - Articulations

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The triangular bone may be distinguished by its pyramidal shape, and by an oval isolated facet for articulation with the pisiform bone. It is situated at the upper and ulnar side of the carpus. The superior surface presents a medial, rough, non-articular portion, and a lateral convex articular portion which articulates with the triangular articular disk of the wrist. The inferior surface, directed lateralward, is concave, sinuously curved, and smooth for articulation with the hamate. The d ...

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Triquetral bone, Triquetral bone - Location and articulation, Triquetral bone - Shape, Triquetral bone - Etymology, Triquetral bone - Overview of anatomy, Triquetral bone - Articulations

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The coccyx is formed of four rudimentary vertebrae; the number may be as high as five or as low as three. It articulates superiorly with the sacrum. In each of the first three segments may be traced a rudimentary body and articular and transverse processes; the last piece (sometimes the third) is a mere nodule of bone. All the segments are destitute of pedicles, laminae, and spinous processes. The first is the largest; it resembles the lowest sacral vertebra, and often exists as a separate piece; the last three diminish in size from above downward, and are usually fused with one another. ...

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Coccyx, Coccyx - Function, Coccyx - Structure, Coccyx - Surfaces, Coccyx - Borders, Coccyx - Base, Coccyx - Apex, Coccyx - Pathology

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The malar surface [Fig. 2] is convex and perforated near its center by a small aperture, the zygomaticofacial foramen, for the passage of the zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels; below this foramen is a slight elevation, which gives origin to the Zygomaticus. The temporal surface [Fig. 3], directed backward and medialward, is concave, presenting medially a rough, triangular area, for articulation with the maxilla, and laterally a smooth, concave surface, the upper part of which forms the anterior boundary of the temporal fossa, the low ...

See also:

Zygomatic bone, Zygomatic bone - Surfaces, Zygomatic bone - Processes, Zygomatic bone - Borders, Zygomatic bone - Ossification, Zygomatic bone - Articulations

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The zygomatic articulates with four bones: the frontal, sphenoidal, temporal, and maxilla. This article is based on an entry from the 1918 edition of Gray's Anatomy, which is in the public domain. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant. ...

See also:

Zygomatic bone, Zygomatic bone - Surfaces, Zygomatic bone - Processes, Zygomatic bone - Borders, Zygomatic bone - Ossification, Zygomatic bone - Articulations

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A typical vertebra consists of two essential parts: an anterior (front) segment, which is the vertebral body; and a posterior part – the vertebral or neural arch – which encloses the vertebral foramen. The vertebral arch is formed by a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes, four articular, two transverse, and one spinous. When the vertebrae are articulated with each other, the bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and trunk, and the vertebra ...

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Vertebra, Vertebra - General structure, Vertebra - Cervical vertebrae, Vertebra - Thoracic vertebrae, Vertebra - Lumbar vertebrae, Vertebra - Vertebral Development

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Note: For more detailed information, see Cervical vertebrae These are generally small and delicate. Their spinous processes are short (with the exception of C7 which has the first palpable spinous process), and often split. Numbered top-to-bottom from C1-C7, atlas (C1) and axis (C2), are the vertebrae that allow the neck so much rotation. Specifically, the atlas allows the skull to move up and down, while the axis allows the upper neck to twist left and right. The axis also houses the first intervertebra ...

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Vertebra, Vertebra - General structure, Vertebra - Cervical vertebrae, Vertebra - Thoracic vertebrae, Vertebra - Lumbar vertebrae, Vertebra - Vertebral Development

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