In human and zoological anatomy (sometimes called zootomy), several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. These terms are listed and explained here. In some cases, the terminology in human anatomy may differ from that in general anatomy. The anatomical position holds more relevant information on relations and terms of location for human anatomy. Anatomical terms of location - Directions. Anatomical terms of location - Ge ...

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Anatomical terms of location - Directions
Anatomical terms of location - General usage Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy
Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions
Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs
Anatomical terms of location - Planes
Anatomical terms of location - General usage Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy
Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions

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Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions

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Anatomical terms of location - General usage. Animals typically have one end with a head and mouth, with the opposite end often having the anus and tail. The head end is the cranial end; the tail end is the caudal end. Within the head itself, rostral refers to the direction toward the end of the nose, and caudal is still used to refer to the tail direction. The surface or side of the body normally oriented upwards, away from the pull of gravity, is the dorsal side; the opposite ...

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Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions

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The anatomical position is a schematic convention for describing the relative morphology of the human body. All terms in the study of anatomy refer to when the body is in this position. The person is oriented in an erect standing position eyes and head facing forward feet forward and perpendicular to the body arms close to the sides and palms of the hands facing forward with fingers extended. It should be noted that this is not the normal position that arms rest in.

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In anatomy, a viscus (plural viscera) is an internal organ of an animal, in particular an internal organ of the thorax or abdomen. The viscera, when removed from a butchered animal, are known collectively as offal. Internal organs are often informally called guts. The adjective visceral is used for anything pertaining to the internal organs. Historically, viscera of animals were examined by Roman pagan priests like the haruspices or the augurs in order to divine the future ...

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The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. Distally, the Cuboid articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals, forming the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal joints. Proximally, it articulates with the calcaneus, forming the calcaneocuboid joint. The medial surface of the bone articulates with both the lateral cuneiform bone and the navicular bone. The inferior surface has a groove on its distal th ...

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Flexion means approximating adjacent parts of the body (usually at a joint) and extension means separating them. For example, the legs are flexed at the knee joints when sitting down, and extended when standing up. Generally, flexion produces an acute angle between adjacent parts, with its vertex at the joint, and extension produces an obtuse angle. One exception to this rule is in the ankle joint where moving the foot such that the toes move upwards is dorsiflexion and moving the ...

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Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions

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There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone. The first cuneiform (a.k.a. os cuneiform primum / medial cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. It articulates with four bones: the navi ...

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Structures near the midline are called medial and those near the sides of animals are called lateral. Therefore, medial structures are closer to the midsagittal plane, lateral structures are further from the midsagittal plane. Structures in the midline of the body are median. For example, your cheeks are lateral to your nose and the tip of the nose is in the median line. Ipsilateral means on the same side, contralateralSee also:

Anatomical terms of location, Anatomical terms of location - Directions, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions, Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs, Anatomical terms of location - Planes, Anatomical terms of location - General usage, Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy, Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions

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In anatomy, the ankle, or ancle (a word common, in various forms, to Teutonic languages, probably connected in origin with the Latin angulus, or Greek αγκυλος, bent), is the part of the lower limb that is located between the foot and the leg, and is actually comprised of two separate joints: the talocrural joint (or "true" ankle joint) and the subtalar joint. The talocrural joint, is a synovial joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula with the proximal end of the talus and is respon ...

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Ankle - Fractures

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The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot or the point of an animal's hock. Calcaneus - Human. It articulates with two other tarsal bones, the talus above and the cuboid toward the midfoot. In addition to receiving the weight of the body with each step, the calcaneus is the anchor for the plantar fascia, which supports the arch of the foot. The posterior-most portion of the calcaneus is the calcaneal tuberosity, a large, non-articulating process that is the i ...

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Calcaneus - Human Calcaneus - Horse

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The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the navicular and lunate; a constricted portion or neck; and below this, the body. The superior surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate bone. The inferior surface is divided by two ridges into three facets, for articulation with the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones, that for the third being the largest.< ...

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Capitate bone - Articulations

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In human anatomy, the clavicle or collar bone is a bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle). Clavicle - Overview. It is a doubly-curved long bone that connects the arm (upper limb) to the body (trunk), located directly above the first rib. Medially, it articulates with the breast-bone (sternum) at the sternoclavicular joint. At its lateral end it articulates with the acromion of the shoulder-blade (scapula) at the acromioclavicular joint. It is shorter, thinner, less curved, a ...

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Clavicle - Overview Clavicle - Functions Clavicle - Attachments Clavicle - Development Clavicle - Common Clavicle Injuries Clavicle - Note about anatomical position

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The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and touches the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomeronasal organ, also called Jacobson's organ, is a chemoreceptor organ named for its closeness to the vomer and nasal bones, and is particularly developed in animals such as cats (who adopt a characteristic pose called the Flehmen reaction or flehming when making use of it), and is thought to have ...

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Vomer bone - Ossification Vomer bone - Articulations

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In human anatomy, the carpal bones are the bones of the human wrist. There are eight of them altogether, and they can be thought of as forming two rows of four. Carpal bone - Proximal Row. Scaphoid (or navicular) - this bone, with the lunate, articulates with the radius of the arm. Lunate - articulates with the radius and the capitate. Triquetrum - on the ulnar side of the hand, but does not articulate with the ulna. Pisiform - a se ...

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Carpal bone - Proximal Row Carpal bone - Distal Row

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The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It forms part of the orbit and is commonly referred to as the cheekbone. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face: it forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; ...

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Zygomatic bone - Surfaces Zygomatic bone - Processes Zygomatic bone - Borders Zygomatic bone - Ossification Zygomatic bone - Articulations

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Vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column (aka spine) — a flexuous and flexible column. There are thirty-three (33) vertebrae in humans, including the five that are fused to form the sacrum (the others are separated by intervertebral discs) and the four coccygeal bones which form the tailbone. The upper three regions comprise the remaining 24, and are grouped under the names cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae) and lumbar (5 v ...

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Vertebra - General structure Vertebra - Cervical vertebrae Vertebra - Thoracic vertebrae Vertebra - Lumbar vertebrae Vertebra - Vertebral Development

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The coccyx (Latin: os coccygis), commonly referred to as the tailbone, is the final segment of the human vertebral column, of three to five (usually four) fused vertebrae (the coccygeal vertebrae), below the sacrum. It is attached to the sacrum in a fibrocartilaginous joint, which permits limited movement between them. Coccyx - Function. The coccyx is regarded as vestigial in humans, meaning it no longer serves major functions it did in ancestor species of humans. (Those included suppor ...

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Coccyx - Function Coccyx - Structure
Coccyx - Surfaces Coccyx - Borders Coccyx - Base Coccyx - Apex
Coccyx - Pathology

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The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms ...

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Fibula - The Upper Extremity or Head Fibula - The Body or Shaft Fibula - Borders Fibula - Surfaces Fibula - The Lower Extremity or Lateral Malleolus Fibula - Ossification

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In anatomy, ribs (Latin costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage. Ribs surround the chest (Latin thorax) of land vertebrates, and protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thoracic cavity. In mammals, one generally thinks of ribs only occurring in the chest. However, fused-on remnants of ribs can be traced in development in neck vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. In reptiles, ribs sometimes occur in all vertebrae from the neck to the sacrum. Fish can have up to four ribs on each vert ...

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Rib - Types of Ribs Rib - Rib Anatomy
Rib - Typical ribs Rib - Atypical ribs
Rib - Rib Fractures and Associated Injuries Rib - Bifid rib bifurcated rib Rib - Biblical Legend Rib - Notes

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