The opening of Principles, after introductory material is out of the way, presents what was known at the time of writing about the localization of functions in the brain -- how each sense seemed to have a neural center to which it made report, and how varied bodily motions have their sources in still other centers. The particular hypotheses and observations on which James relies are of course very much dated. But the broadest conclusion to which his material leads is still valid: that the functions of the "lower centers" (benea ...

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Principles of Psychology, Principles of Psychology - The Analytical Arguments of The Principles, Principles of Psychology - James' Qualified Defense of Introspection, Principles of Psychology - Nineteenth Century Experimental Results, Principles of Psychology - The Consequences of Comparisons

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Though it had its genesis in the fields of journalism, anthropology, and sociology, qualitative research has burgeoned into and been taken up by many fields. Anthropology contributed to the field with its development of the research method of ethnography — a type of cultural translation (Boas, 1943; Malinowski, 1922/1961). Qualitative research in sociology, especially in the U.S., has its roots in the Chicago School (Adler & Adler, 1987). Some of the different methods included under the umbrella of qualitative research, therefore, include: ethnography, ethnology, oral life history, case study, ...

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Qualitative research, Qualitative research - Overview, Qualitative research - Applications

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Main articles: Jungian psychology and Analytical psychology Although Jung was wary of founding a "school" of psychology — he was once rumored to have said, "Thank God I'm Jung and not a Jungian." — he did develop a distinctive approach to the study of the human mind. Through his early years working in a Swiss hospital with psychotic patients and collaborating with Sigmund Freud and the burgeoning psychoanalytic community, he gained a close look at the mysterious depths of the huma ...

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Carl Jung, Carl Jung - Jungian psychology, Carl Jung - The collective unconscious, Carl Jung - The shadow, Carl Jung - Anima and Animus, Carl Jung - Jung's life, Carl Jung - Jung and Freud, Carl Jung - Psychological Types, Carl Jung - Psychological Types – another view:, Carl Jung - Influence, Carl Jung - Spiritualism as a cure for alcoholism, Carl Jung - Influences on culture, Carl Jung - Recommended Reading, Carl Jung - Jung bibliography

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In the social sciences, qualitative research is a broad term that describes research that focuses on how individuals and groups view and understand the world and construct meaning out of their experiences. Qualitative research methods are sometimes used together with quantitative research methods to gain deeper understanding of the causes of social phenomena, or to help generate questions for further research. Unlike quantitative methods, qualitative research methods place little importance on developing statistically valid samples, or ...

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Qualitative research, Qualitative research - Overview, Qualitative research - Applications

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Jung has had an enduring influence on psychology as well as wider society. He has influenced psychotherapy (see Jungian psychology and Analytical psychology). The concept of introversion vs. extroversion The concept of the complex Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and David Keirsey tests were inspired by Jung's Psychological Types theory. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses people on extraversion and introversion, Jung's function types and also on judging-perceiving, a dimension not found in Jung's origin ...

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Carl Jung, Carl Jung - Jungian psychology, Carl Jung - The collective unconscious, Carl Jung - The shadow, Carl Jung - Anima and Animus, Carl Jung - Jung's life, Carl Jung - Jung and Freud, Carl Jung - Psychological Types, Carl Jung - Psychological Types – another view:, Carl Jung - Influence, Carl Jung - Spiritualism as a cure for alcoholism, Carl Jung - Influences on culture, Carl Jung - Recommended Reading, Carl Jung - Jung bibliography

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Eugene Monick PhD. is a Jungian Analyst practicing in Scranton, Pennsylvannia, and New York City. He is a graduate of the Virginia (Episcopal) Theological Seminary. He received his doctorate from the Union Graduate School, and his Diploma in Analytical Psychology from the C.G. Jung Institute in Zurich. Mr. Monick has published two books on masculine psychology. Phallos: Sacred Image of the Masculine [2] was published in 1987. In this book, Mr. Monick correlates male sexuality and spirituality, saying that "phallos" (the erect p ...

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Masculine Psychology, Masculine Psychology - Males are not born of their own identity, Masculine Psychology - The role of the father, Masculine Psychology - The works of Eugene Monick, Masculine Psychology - Related articles, Masculine Psychology - External links

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Qualitative research - Overview. In the social sciences, qualitative research is a broad term that describes research that focuses on how individuals and groups view and understand the world and construct meaning out of their experiences. Qualitative research methods are sometimes used together with quantitative research methods to gain deeper understanding of the causes of social phenomena, or to help generate questions for further research. Unlike quantitative methods, qualitative research methods place little importance on developing statistically v ...

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Qualitative research, Qualitative research - Headline text, Qualitative research - In the social sciences, Qualitative research - Overview, Qualitative research - Applications

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Hillman’s archetypal psychology is inspired by and heavily indebted to Jung’s analytical psychology (and to an extent Freud’s psychoanalysis), yet at the same time is a radical departure from it. Whereas Jung’s psychology focused on the Self, its dynamics and its constellations (ego, anima, animus, shadow), Hillman’s archetypal psychology relativizes and deliteralizes the ego and focuses on the psyche, or soul, itself and the archai, the deepest patterns of psychic functioning, “the fundamental fantasies that animat ...

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James Hillman, James Hillman - Brief Biography, James Hillman - Archetypal Psychology, James Hillman - Influences, James Hillman - Psyche or Soul, James Hillman - Dream Analysis, James Hillman - The Soul's Code, James Hillman - Select Bibliography

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Two early western interpretations of Kundalini were supplied by C.W. Leadbeater (1847-1934), of the Theosophical Society, and the Analytical Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961). Jung's seminar on Kundalini yoga, presented to the Psychological Club in Zurich in 1932, has been widely regarded as a milestone in the psychological understanding of Eastern thought and of the symbolic transformations of inner peace. Kundalini yoga presented Jung with a model for the developmental phases of higher consciousness, and he interpreted its sym ...

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Kundalini, Kundalini - Historical source text, Kundalini - The interpretation of Kundalini, Kundalini - Kundalini Yoga, Kundalini - Kundalini in the world's religions, Kundalini - Kundalini rising, Kundalini - The Kundalini Syndrome, Kundalini - Kundalini and development, Kundalini - Kundalini and physiology, Kundalini - Pathological Kundalini

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The modern period in philosophy, beginning in the late nineteenth century to the 1950's, was marked by a developing schism in philosophy between 'Continental' tradition, which is mainly Franco-German, and the English and American 'Analytic' tradition. Both traditions appear radically different, yet they have a common root, namely a rejection of the Cartesian and empiricist tradition that dominated philosophy since the early modern period, and particularly of the psychologism tha ...

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Philosophy, Philosophy - Definition, Philosophy - Branches of philosophy, Philosophy - History of philosophy, Philosophy - Philosophical traditions, Philosophy - Other traditions, Philosophy - Western and Eastern philosophy, Philosophy - Applied philosophy, Philosophy - General philosophy topics, Philosophy - General philosophy lists, Philosophy - History of philosophy, Philosophy - Bibliography, Philosophy - Introductions, Philosophy - Reference works

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Timeline of psychology - 1900s. 1900 - Sigmund Freud published 'Interpretation of Dreams' marking the beginning of Psychoanalytic Thought. 1906 - The Journal of Abnormal Psychology was founded by Morton Prince. Timeline of psychology - 1910s. 1911 - Alfred Adler left Freud's Psychoanalytic Group to form his own school of thought, accusing Freud of overemphasizing sexuality and basing his theory on his own childhood. 1913 - Carl Jung departed ...

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Timeline of psychology, Timeline of psychology - Nineteenth century, Timeline of psychology - 1840s, Timeline of psychology - 1850s, Timeline of psychology - 1860s, Timeline of psychology - 1870s, Timeline of psychology - 1880s, Timeline of psychology - 1890s, Timeline of psychology - Twentieth century, Timeline of psychology - 1900s, Timeline of psychology - 1910s, Timeline of psychology - 1920s, Timeline of psychology - 1940s, Timeline of psychology - 1950s, Timeline of psychology - 1960s, Timeline of psychology - 1970s, Timeline of psychology - 1980s, Timeline of psychology - 1990s, Timeline of psychology - Twenty First century, Timeline of psychology - References

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The University is divided into faculties most of which are then subdivided into schools: Faculty of Applied Sciences (Frenchay Campus) School of Biomedical Sciences School of Biosciences School of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences School of Human & Analytical Sciences School of Psychology Bristol School of Art, Media and Design (Bower Ashton Campus) School of Communication Design and Media School of Design and Applied Arts School of Fin ...

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University of the West of England, University of the West of England - History, University of the West of England - Structure, University of the West of England - Coat of Arms, University of the West of England - Student Union, University of the West of England - Notable alumni

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Assumptions about ethical underpinnings of human behaviour are reflected in every social science, including: anthropology because of the complexities involved in relating one culture to another, economics because of its role in the distribution of scarce resources, political science because of its role in allocating power, sociology because of its roots in the dynamics of groups, law because of its role in codifying ethical constructs like mercy and punishment, criminology because of its role in rewarding ethical behaviour and discouraging unethical behaviour, and psychology because of its role in definin ...

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Ethics, Ethics - The first social science, Ethics - Meta-ethics, Ethics - Normative ethics, Ethics - Applied ethics, Ethics - Ethics in religion, Ethics - Ethics in health care, Ethics - Ethics in politics, Ethics - Ethics by cases, Ethics - Descriptive ethics, Ethics - The analytic view

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Gnosticism - Scholars of gnosticism and those influenced by it. There follows a list of those figures who are known to have undertaken a study of gnosticism, and who have occasionally incorporated elements of gnostic systems into their own work, or whose own work subsequently contains recognizably gnostic traits. Carl Jung and his associate G. R. S. Mead worked on trying to understand and explain the Gnostic faith from a psychological standpoint. Jung's "analytical psychology" in many ways schematica ...

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Gnosticism, Gnosticism - Overview, Gnosticism - Etymology and philosophical context, Gnosticism - The meaning of 'gnosis', Gnosticism - The Platonist and Aristotelian traditions, Gnosticism - Neoplatonism and Plotinus' 'Address to the Gnostics', Gnosticism - Sources, Gnosticism - Heresiologists and gnostic detractors, Gnosticism - Gnostic texts preserved before 1945, Gnosticism - The Nag Hammadi library, Gnosticism - History, Gnosticism - The development of the Syrian-Egyptian school, Gnosticism - The development of the Persian school, Gnosticism - Nature and Structure of Gnosticism, Gnosticism - A typological model: the main features of gnosticism, Gnosticism - Dualism and monism, Gnosticism - Moral and ritual practise, Gnosticism - Major gnostic schools and their texts, Gnosticism - 'Gnosticism' as a potentially flawed category, Gnosticism - Gnosticism in modern times, Gnosticism - Scholars of gnosticism and those influenced by it, Gnosticism - Modern gnostic 'revivals', Gnosticism - Gnosticism in pop culture, Gnosticism - Literature, Gnosticism - Film and television, Gnosticism - Music, Gnosticism - Art, Gnosticism - Computer console and 'tabletop' games

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Nyaya (Sanskrit) The first of the six Darsanas or Hindu schools of philosophy. This school has been called the Analytic or Logical School; nevertheless the title of the school would rather mean synthesizing by way of analogy or apposite likenesses, and hence it could equally well be called the synthetic or constructive method of reasoning. Nyaya is applicable to its method of treating all subjects, physical and metaphysical, rather than to its aims. This school has entered thoroughly into the laws and processes of ratiocinative thought, and in consequence has worked out a formal system of reasoning which forms the Hindu standard of logic.

The Nyaya school draws a clear distinction between matter and spirit, and has developed a careful and ingenious system of psychology. It distinguishes between the jivatmans, which are virtually infinitely numerous and eternal, and paramatman, which is one only, the kosmic hierarch, and therefore the seat of eternal wisdom and, so far as its own hierarchy goes, the Isvara (lord) of all things therein. The Nyaya is said to have been founded by the sage Gautama or Gotama.

The Vaiseshika school, founded by the sage Kanada, considered a contemporary of this Gautama, is sometimes considered to be a branch of the Nyaya school because the two schools in their teachings supplement each other. The Vaiseshika is also called the Atomistic School, because it teaches the existence of a transient or illusory universe composed of aggregations of everlasting atoms or life-atoms, which are really but the vehicular expressions of the jivatmans of the Nyaya.

(See also: Nyaya, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Enneagram system (Enneagram, Enneatype system): System of spiritual psychology based on an ancient Sufi typology of nine (ennea in Greek) personality types or primary roles:

(1)           the achiever (reformer) - orderly, rational, and self-righteous;

(2)           the helper - generous, manipulative, and possessive;

(3)           the succeeder (motivator, status-seeker) - ambitious, hostile, and pragmatic;

(4)           the individualist (artist) - intuitive, self-absorbed, and sensitive;

(5)           the observer (thinker) - analytic, original, and provocative;

(6)           the guardian (loyalist) - defensive, engaging, and responsible;

(7)           the dreamer (generalist) - accomplished and manic;

(8)           the confronter (leader) - combative, dominating, and self-confident; and

(9)           the preservationist (peacemaker) - easygoing and receptive.

Each type has a prime psychological addiction (fixation or blind spot), respectively: anger, pride, deceit, envy, greed, fear, gluttony, lust for life and power, and laziness. These addictions include Christianity's seven deadly sins.

(a)           Recognition of one's type is tantamount to spiritual awakening. in the process of neutralizing the prime addiction:

(b)          achievers become pathfinders,

(c)           helpers become partners, succeeders become motivators,

(d)           individualists become builders,

(e)           observers become explorers,

(f)             guardians become stabilizers,

(g)           dreamers become illuminators,

(h)           confronters become philanthropists, and

(i)             preservationists become universalists.

(See also: Enneagram system, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Timeline of psychology - 1840s. 1844 G.Stanley Hall born. Timeline of psychology - 1850s. Timeline of psychology - 1860s. 1860 James McKeen Cattell born 1863 Hugo Munsterberg born Timeline of psychology - 1870s. 1878 G. Stanley Hall Awarded the first PhD in Psychology from Harvard Timeline of psychology - 1880s. 1886 - Sigmund Freud opened in private practice in Vienna 1887 The ...

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Timeline of psychology, Timeline of psychology - Nineteenth century, Timeline of psychology - 1840s, Timeline of psychology - 1850s, Timeline of psychology - 1860s, Timeline of psychology - 1870s, Timeline of psychology - 1880s, Timeline of psychology - 1890s, Timeline of psychology - Twentieth century, Timeline of psychology - 1900s, Timeline of psychology - 1910s, Timeline of psychology - 1920s, Timeline of psychology - 1940s, Timeline of psychology - 1950s, Timeline of psychology - 1960s, Timeline of psychology - 1970s, Timeline of psychology - 1980s, Timeline of psychology - 1990s, Timeline of psychology - Twenty First century, Timeline of psychology - References

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The nebulous nature of the strategic management process has caused problems for universities. How do you teach “intuition”? Should we even try to teach strategy in this way? The response has been to offer two types of MBA degrees: the executive MBA, and the academic MBA. The academic MBA typically requires candidates to have an undergrad background in stats and calculus, and a satisfactory score on a GMAT. Analytical and strategic techniques are taught together in an comprehensive system of study. The executive MBA, on the other hand, ty ...

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Strategic management, Strategic management - General Approaches, Strategic management - The strategy hierarchy, Strategic management - Historical development of strategic management, Strategic management - Birth of strategic management, Strategic management - Headline text, Strategic management - Growth and portfolio theory, Strategic management - The marketing revolution, Strategic management - The Japanese challenge, Strategic management - Gaining competitive advantage, Strategic management - The military theorists, Strategic management - Strategic change, Strategic management - Information and technology driven strategy, Strategic management - The psychology of strategic management, Strategic management - Teaching strategic management, Strategic management - Reasons why strategic plans fail, Strategic management - Criticisms of strategic management, Strategic management - Journals devoted primarily to strategic management, Strategic management - Magazines that frequently contain strategic management articles, Strategic management - Web sites with significant strategic management content, Strategic management - Lists of related topics

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Psychology - Mind and brain. Psychology does not necessarily refer to the brain or nervous system and can be framed purely in terms of phenomenological or information processing theories of the mind. Increasingly, though, an understanding of brain function is being included in psychological theory and practice, particularly in areas such as artificial intelligence, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience.

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Psychology, Psychology - History, Psychology - Principles of psychology, Psychology - Mind and brain, Psychology - Schools of thought, Psychology - Scope of psychology, Psychology - Biological basis: the brain, Psychology - Information processing: the mind, Psychology - Change over time: development, Psychology - Interaction with others, Psychology - Study of animals in psychology, Psychology - Mental health, Psychology - Applied psychology, Psychology - Research methods, Psychology - Controlled experiments, Psychology - Correlational studies, Psychology - Longitudinal studies, Psychology - Neuropsychological methods, Psychology - Computational modeling, Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

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Throughout the history of psychoanalysis, most psychoanalytic organizations have existed outside of the university setting, with a few notable exceptions. Psychoanalytic training usually occurs at a psychoanalytic institute and may last approximately 4-10 years. Training includes coursework, supervised psychoanalytic treatment of patients, and personal psychoanalysis lasting 4 or more years. Most psychoanalytic institutes require that applicants already possess a graduate degree. Applicants usually have degrees in clinical soci ...

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Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis - History, Psychoanalysis - Theories, Psychoanalysis - The topographical model, Psychoanalysis - The structural model, Psychoanalysis - The economic model, Psychoanalysis - The conflict model, Psychoanalysis - The object-relational model, Psychoanalysis - The intersubjective model, Psychoanalysis - Techniques, Psychoanalysis - Cost and length, Psychoanalysis - Training, Psychoanalysis - Other definitions, Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalyses in groups, Psychoanalysis - Cultural Adaptations, Psychoanalysis - Adaptations for age and managed care, Psychoanalysis - Play Therapy for different ages, Psychoanalysis - Other play therapy techniques, Psychoanalysis - Criticisms, Psychoanalysis - Online papers about psychoanalytic theory, Psychoanalysis - Online papers and links about psychoanalytic research, Psychoanalysis - Critiques of psychoanalysis

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Psychology is an extremely broad field, encompassing many different approaches to the study of mental processes and behavior. Below are the major areas of inquiry that comprise psychology. A comprehensive list of the sub-fields and areas within psychology can be found at the list of psychological topics and list of psychology disciplines. Psychology - Biological basis: the brain. Main articles: Behavioral neuroscience, Cognitive neurosci ...

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Psychology, Psychology - History, Psychology - Principles of psychology, Psychology - Mind and brain, Psychology - Schools of thought, Psychology - Scope of psychology, Psychology - Biological basis: the brain, Psychology - Information processing: the mind, Psychology - Change over time: development, Psychology - Interaction with others, Psychology - Study of animals in psychology, Psychology - Mental health, Psychology - Applied psychology, Psychology - Research methods, Psychology - Controlled experiments, Psychology - Correlational studies, Psychology - Longitudinal studies, Psychology - Neuropsychological methods, Psychology - Computational modeling, Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia II - Psychology - Scope of psychology