Ammonia - Toxicity. The toxicity of ammonia solutions does not usually cause problems for humans and other mammals, as a specific mechanism exists to prevent its build-up in the bloodstream. Ammonia is converted to carbamoyl phosphate by the enzyme carbamoyl phosphate synthase, and then enters the urea cycle to be either incorporated into amino acids or excreted in the urine. However fish and amphibians lack this mechanism, as they can usually eliminate ammonia from their bodies by direct excretion. Ammonia even at dilute concentrations is highly toxic to aquatic animals, and for this reason it is class ...

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Ammonia, Ammonia - History, Ammonia - Production, Ammonia - Properties, Ammonia - Formation of salts, Ammonia - Acidity, Ammonia - Formation of other compounds, Ammonia - Ammonia as a ligand, Ammonia - Uses, Ammonia - Liquid ammonia as a solvent, Ammonia - Solubility of salts, Ammonia - Solutions of metals, Ammonia - Redox properties of liquid ammonia, Ammonia - Detection and determination, Ammonia - Safety precautions, Ammonia - Toxicity, Ammonia - Household use, Ammonia - Laboratory use of ammonia solutions, Ammonia - Laboratory use of anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid, Ammonia - Reference, Ammonia - Bibliography

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Ammonia, Ammonia - History, Ammonia - Production, Ammonia - Properties, Ammonia - Formation of salts, Ammonia - Acidity, Ammonia - Formation of other compounds, Ammonia - Ammonia as a ligand, Ammonia - Uses, Ammonia - Liquid ammonia as a solvent, Ammonia - Solubility of salts, Ammonia - Solutions of metals, Ammonia - Redox properties of liquid ammonia, Ammonia - Detection and determination, Ammonia - Safety precautions, Ammonia - Toxicity, Ammonia - Household use, Ammonia - Laboratory use of ammonia solutions, Ammonia - Laboratory use of anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid, Ammonia - Reference, Ammonia - Bibliography

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Salts of ammonia have been known from very early times; thus the term Hammoniacus sal appears in the writings of Pliny, although it is not known whether the term is identical with the more modern sal-ammoniac. In the form of sal-ammoniac, ammonia was known to the alchemists as early as the 13th century, being mentioned by Albertus Magnus. It was also used by dyers in the Middle Ages in the form of fermented urine to alter the colour of vegetable dyes. In the 15th century, Basilius Valentinus showed that ammonia could be ...

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Ammonia, Ammonia - History, Ammonia - Production, Ammonia - Properties, Ammonia - Formation of salts, Ammonia - Acidity, Ammonia - Formation of other compounds, Ammonia - Ammonia as a ligand, Ammonia - Uses, Ammonia - Liquid ammonia as a solvent, Ammonia - Solubility of salts, Ammonia - Solutions of metals, Ammonia - Redox properties of liquid ammonia, Ammonia - Detection and determination, Ammonia - Safety precautions, Ammonia - Toxicity, Ammonia - Household use, Ammonia - Laboratory use of ammonia solutions, Ammonia - Laboratory use of anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid, Ammonia - Reference, Ammonia - Bibliography

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Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. At standard temperature and pressure ammonia is a gas. It is toxic and corrosive to some materials, and has a characteristic pungent odor. An ammonia molecule is not flat, but has the shape of a compressed tetrahedron known as a trigonal pyramid, as would be expected from VSEPR theory. This shape gives the molecule an overall dipole moment and makes it polar so that ammonia very readily dissolves in water. The nitrogen atom in the molecule has a lon ...

Including:

• Ammonia - History
• Ammonia - Production
• Ammonia - Properties
• Ammonia - Acidity
• Ammonia - Formation of other compounds
• Ammonia - Ammonia as a ligand
• Ammonia - Uses
• Ammonia - Liquid ammonia as a solvent
• Ammonia - Solubility of salts
• Ammonia - Solutions of metals
• Ammonia - Redox properties of liquid ammonia
• Ammonia - Detection and determination
• Ammonia - Safety precautions
• Ammonia - Toxicity
• Ammonia - Household use
• Ammonia - Laboratory use of ammonia solutions
• Ammonia - Laboratory use of anhydrous ammonia gas or liquid
• Ammonia - Reference
• Ammonia - Bibliography

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Ammonium phosphate. The normal phosphate, (NH4)3PO4,is obtained as a crystalline powder, on mixing concentrated solutions of ammonia and phosphoric acid, or on the addition of excess of ammonia to the acid phosphate (NH4)2HPO4. It is soluble in water, and the aqueous solution on boiling loses ammonia and the acid phosphate NH4H2PO4 is ...

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SI units and standard conditions used unless otherwise stated. Disclaimer and references Ammonium acetate is the salt of ammonia and acetic acid. Ammonium acetate - Uses. Ammonium acetate - Properties. Ammonium acetate - Reactions. Ammonium acetate - Synthesis of Ammonium Acetate. Ammnonium acetate can be obtained easily by the reaction with of acetic acid with ammonia. CH3Including:

• Ammonium acetate - Uses
• Ammonium acetate - Properties
• Ammonium acetate - Reactions
• Ammonium acetate - Synthesis of Ammonium Acetate

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Cyanic acid is a colourless poisonous liquid with a boiling point of 23.5°C and a melting point of -81°C. At 0°C cyanic acid is converted to cyamelide. In water, cyanic acid hydrolyses to carbon dioxide and ammonia. Cyanic acid (H-N=C=O) is an isomer of fulminic acid (H-C=N-O). Two tautomers exist for cyanic acid, NC-O-H and H-N=C=O . It forms in a reaction between potassium cyanate and formic acid.< ...

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General Physical Thermochemistry Safety SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references Ammonium perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4ClO4. It is the salt of ammonia and perchloric acid. Like other perchlorates, it is a powerful oxidizer. This salt is used as an explosive in mining, due to th ...

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The urea cycle is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animal organisms that produces urea from NH4+. This cycle, also known as ornithine cycle, was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932). Urea is much less toxic than ammonia; therefore, organisms that cannot easily and quickly remove ammonia usually have to convert it to some other substance, like urea or uric acid. Insufficiency of the urea cycle occurs in some genetic disorders (inborn errors of metabolism), and ...

Including:

• Urea cycle - Reactions
• Urea cycle - Regulation
• Urea cycle - NAcGlu
• Urea cycle - Substrate concentrations

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Copper(I) oxide or cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is an oxide of copper. It is insoluble in water and organic solvents. Copper(I) oxide dissolves in concentrated ammonia solution to form the colourless complex [Cu(NH3)2]+, which easily oxidises in air to the blue [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid to form HCuCl2 (a complex of CuCl), while dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid produce co ...

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• CopperI oxide - Applications as semiconductor

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Nitrogen is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol N and atomic number 7. Commonly a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic non-metal gas, nitrogen constitutes 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living tissues. Nitrogen forms many important compounds such as amino acids, ammonia, nitric acid, and cyanides. Nitrogen - Notable characteristics. Nitrogen is a non-metal, with an electronegativity of 3.0. It has five electron ...

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• Nitrogen - Notable characteristics
• Nitrogen - Applications
• Nitrogen - Nitrogen Compounds
• Nitrogen - Molecular nitrogen gas and liquid
• Nitrogen - History
• Nitrogen - Occurrence
• Nitrogen - Compounds
• Nitrogen - Biological role
• Nitrogen - Isotopes
• Nitrogen - Precautions

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Bromide chemistry - Definition. A bromide ion is an bromine atom with charge -1. Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 are called bromides. This can include ionic compounds such as caesium bromide or basically covalent compounds such as sulfur dibromide. You can test for a bromide ion by adding dilute nitric acid HNO3. Then add silver nitrate AgNO3. A cream precipitate forms that disappears in concentrated ammonia solution. Bromide che ...

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• Bromide chemistry - Definition
• Bromide chemistry - Examples

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Urethane 1. A polymer containing a urethane linkage. 2. Any organic chemical compound contaning a urethane functional group (or linkage). 3. The specific compound (NH2*COOC2H5). This ethyl ester is a white crystalline substance produced by the action of ammonia on ethyl carbonate or by heating urea nitrate and ethyl alcohol. It is used as a hypnotic, antipyretic, and antispasmodic. Generally, a urethane is an ester of a carbamic acid (RNHCOOQ, where R and Q represent many different organic compo ...

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Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. It occurs naturally as the mineral nantokite. It is a white solid which is almost insoluble in water, and which tends to oxidise in air to green CuCl2. It is a Lewis acid which reacts with suitable ligands such as ammonia or chloride ion to form complexes, many of which are water-soluble. It is ...

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• CopperI chloride - Chemical Properties
• CopperI chloride - Preparation
• CopperI chloride - Uses
• CopperI chloride - Precautions
• CopperI chloride - Suppliers/Manufacturers

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Ammonium Bicarbonate also called bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, hartshorn, or powdered baking ammonia is the bicarbonate salt of ammonia. Ammonium bicarbonate is formed as shown above and also by passing carbon dioxide through a solution of the normal compound, when it is deposited as a white powder, which has no smell and is only slightly soluble in water. The aqueous solution of this salt liberates carbon dioxide on exposure to air or on heating, and becomes alkaline in ...

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• Ammonium bicarbonate - Properties
• Ammonium bicarbonate - Uses
• Ammonium bicarbonate - Safety

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In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. It is important to remember that the term [H2O] is omitted from the general equilibrium constant expression. While strong acids dissociate practically completely in solution and consequently have large acidity constants, weak acids do not fully dissociate and gen ...

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• Acid dissociation constant - Basicity constant of the conjugate base
• Acid dissociation constant - Relationship between acidity and basicity constants
• Acid dissociation constant - The Relative Strengths of Acids and Bases
• Acid dissociation constant - pKa of some common substances

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Uric acid is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen with the structure shown right: Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in the human body and is found in small amounts in urine. Purine precursors include xanthine and hypoxanthine, which are converted to uric acid by xanthine oxidase. Uric acid is the end product of nitrogen metabolism in birds and reptiles, whereas in humans and many other animals the main product of nitrogen detoxification is urea. In animals ...

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In chemistry, an amide is either the organic functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to a nitrogen atom, a compound that contains this functional group, or a particular inorganic anion. In organic chemistry, an amide is essentially is an amine where one of the nitrogen substituents is a carbonyl group, represented generally by the formula: R1(CO)NR2R3 where either or both of RIncluding:

• Amide - Overview
• Amide - Synthesis and breakdown
• Amide - Amide linkages
• Amide - Derivatives
• Amide - Naming

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ASS (argininosuccinate synthetase) is a human gene that provides instructions for making an enzyme called argininosuccinate synthetase. This enzyme participates in the urea cycle, which is a sequence of chemical reactions that takes place in the cells of the liver. The urea cycle processes excess nitrogen (which is generated as the body uses proteins) into a compound called urea that is excreted from the body in urine. Argininosuccinate synthase is responsible for the third step of the urea cycle. This reaction combines ...

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• ASS gene - Related conditions

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Argininosuccinate synthetase is an enzyme that participates in the urea cycle, which is a sequence of chemical reactions that takes place in the cells of the liver. The urea cycle processes excess nitrogen (which is generated as the body uses proteins) into a compound called urea that is excreted from the body in urine. Argininosuccinate synthase is responsible for the third step of the urea cycle. This reaction combines two amino acids (building blocks of proteins), citrulline and aspartate, to form a molecule called argininosuccinic acid. A series of add ...

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• Argininosuccinate synthetase - Related conditions

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