Definition and meaning of archipelago:

archipelago

An archipelago is a group of islands. The Philippines, for example, form an archipelago.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Arminianism:

Arminianism

Arminianism was the view--heretical to Puritans--that good works and faith in God could win a person admittance to Heaven (salvation). Arminianism was a doctrine of works.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of artisan:

artisan

Artisans were self-employed craftsmen and small businessmen engaged in the production of a marketable good or service--tailor, shoemaker, printer, baker, etc.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of ashcan artists:

ashcan artists

The early-twentieth-century "ashcan" school of artists supported progressive political and social reform. They turned to city streets, the slums, and the working class for subject matter.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of antebellum:

antebellum

Antebellum translates from Latin as "before the war," and is a term commonly used by historians to refer to the three decades preceding the Civil War, 1830-1860.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Anti-Masons:

Anti-Masons

A third party formed in 1827, the Anti-Masons stood in opposition to the presumed power and influence of the Masonic order.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Antifederalists:

Antifederalists

Antifederalists opposed ratification of the Constitution; they were states' rightists and were concerned that the Constitution contained no Bill of Rights. Federalists advocated ratification of the Constitution; they were centralizing nationalists.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Appomattox:

Appomattox

On April 9, 1865, Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrended to Union general Ulysses S. Grant in this town in south-central Virginia.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Beats:

Beats

Nonconformists in the late 1950s who came together in large cities to reject conventional dress and sexual standards and cultivate poetry, jazz, and folk music; also known as beatniks.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of boycott:

boycott

Colonists protested against British tax policies in the 1760s by refusing to import, that is, they boycotted British goods. Boycotts were effective in forcing the repeal of the Stamp Act and Townshend duties.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Bolshevik:

Bolshevik

A Bolshevik was a member of the Communist movement in Russia that established the Soviet government after the 1917 Russian Revolution; more generally, a Bolshevik is any radical or disruptive person or movement seeking to transform economic and political relationships.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of boomers:

boomers

"Boomers" were transient workers on the railroads. They had reputations as lustful, heavy-drinking rowdies.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Blitzkreig:

Blitzkreig

Translated as "lightning war," blitzkreig was a German war tactic in World War II involving the concentration of air and armored firepower to punch and exploit holes in opposing defensive lines.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Chattanooga:

Chattanooga

Chattanooga was the site of a series of Civil War campaigns culminating in a smashing Union victory in November 1863 as federal troops broke a Confederate siege of the city and opened the road to Georgia.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Challenger:

Challenger

In 1986, one of NASA's space shuttles, the "Challenger," exploded shortly after takeoff, killing its crew. The tragedy delayed space-shuttle launchings for three years.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Chancellorsville:

Chancellorsville

Chancellorsville was the site of a battle ending in May 1863, marked by a Confederate victory, during which General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was mortally wounded.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of Cabinet:

Cabinet

The Cabinet is the body of secretaries appointed by the president to head executive departments and serve as advisers.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of californio:

californio

A californio is a person of Spanish descent in California.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of empresario:

empresario

An empresario was an agent who received a land grant from the Spanish or Mexican government in return for organizing settlements.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of encomienda:

encomienda

In the Spanish colonies, an encomienda was a grant to a Spanish settler of a certain number of Indian subjects, who would pay him tribute in goods and labor.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of factionalism:

factionalism

When the Federalists disappeared as a national party by 1820, the Jeffersonian Republicans, lacking any organized opposition, became more troubled by internal factional disputes. A faction is a group or clique within a larger group (political party).

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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Definition and meaning of The Federalist:

The Federalist

This series of eighty-five essays, written anonymously and individually by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, were published in New York in 1787 and 1788 to rally support for the ratification of the Constitution.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

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