Amanita muscaria is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Amanita. A. muscaria var. muscaria, var. flavivolvata, and var. formosa are commonly called Fly Agaric (less often fly mushroom) or Toadstool. Amanita muscaria - Characteristics. Variety muscaria is a classic mushroom. Fully grown, the cap is usually around 12 cm in diameter (up to 30 cm) with a distinctive blood-red colour (crimson, fading to yellow with age), scattered with white ...

Including:

Amanita muscaria - Characteristics Amanita muscaria - Varieties Amanita muscaria - Toxicity and chemistry Amanita muscaria - Uses Amanita muscaria - Mythology and religion Amanita muscaria - Amanita Muscaria in pop-culture

Read more here: » Amanita muscaria: Encyclopedia - Amanita muscaria

See also:

Amanita muscaria, Amanita muscaria - Characteristics, Amanita muscaria - Varieties, Amanita muscaria - Toxicity and chemistry, Amanita muscaria - Uses, Amanita muscaria - Mythology and religion, Amanita muscaria - Amanita Muscaria in pop-culture

Read more here: » Amanita muscaria: Encyclopedia II - Amanita muscaria - Uses

Variety muscaria is a classic mushroom. Fully grown, the cap is usually around 12 cm in diameter (up to 30 cm) with a distinctive blood-red colour (crimson, fading to yellow with age), scattered with white to yellow, removable flecks (warts), which are remnants of the universal veil, a membrane that encloses the entire mushroom when it is still very young. The stem is white, 5-20 cm, with a basal bulb that bears universal veil remnants, in the form of a ragged collar or [group of] ruff ...

See also:

Amanita muscaria, Amanita muscaria - Characteristics, Amanita muscaria - Varieties, Amanita muscaria - Toxicity and chemistry, Amanita muscaria - Uses, Amanita muscaria - Mythology and religion, Amanita muscaria - Amanita Muscaria in pop-culture

Read more here: » Amanita muscaria: Encyclopedia II - Amanita muscaria - Characteristics

Urine therapy is a specialized branch of alternative medicine. Any sort of oral or external application of human urine for medicinal purposes falls into this category. Promoters of urine therapy believe urine to have many curative powers. Some cultures, especially Indian, have traditionally used urine as a medicine. According to one theory, this perhaps dates to a time when the Amanita muscaria mushroom was used as Soma in Vedic rituals. The psychoactive alkaloids of the mushroom are passed unchanged in human urine, leading to ...

Including:

Urine therapy - Books on the subject Urine therapy - In fiction

Read more here: » Urine therapy: Encyclopedia - Urine therapy

Koryak Siberians have a story about the fly agaric (wapaq) which enabled Big Raven to carry a whale to its home. In the story, the deity Vahiyinin ("Existence") spat onto earth, and his spittle became the wapaq, and his saliva becomes the warts. After experiencing the power of the wapaq, Raven was so exhilarated that he told it to grow forever on earth so his children, the people, can learn from it. Amanita muscaria is widely thought to be the Soma talked about in the Hindu scriptures, and is less often also th ...

See also:

Amanita muscaria, Amanita muscaria - Characteristics, Amanita muscaria - Varieties, Amanita muscaria - Toxicity and chemistry, Amanita muscaria - Uses, Amanita muscaria - Mythology and religion, Amanita muscaria - Amanita Muscaria in pop-culture

Read more here: » Amanita muscaria: Encyclopedia II - Amanita muscaria - Mythology and religion

It contains a number of hallucinogenic constituents: ibotenic acid, muscimol, muscazone and muscarine, of which muscimol (3hydroxy-5-aminomethy-1 isoxazole, an unsaturated cyclic hydroxamic acid) is the most significant. Muscarine, discovered in 1869, was long thought to be the active hallucinogenic agent in A. muscaria until late 1960s, when scientists recognized it as ibotenic acid and muscimol. Consuming the mushrooms in doses of over 1 gram can cause nausea but also can cause a number of other effects, depending on dosage, ...

See also:

Amanita muscaria, Amanita muscaria - Characteristics, Amanita muscaria - Varieties, Amanita muscaria - Toxicity and chemistry, Amanita muscaria - Uses, Amanita muscaria - Mythology and religion, Amanita muscaria - Amanita Muscaria in pop-culture

Read more here: » Amanita muscaria: Encyclopedia II - Amanita muscaria - Toxicity and chemistry

Entries marked with a # are naturally occurring. Dissociative drug - NMDA receptor antagonists and sigma1 ligands. dextromethorphan ketamine, "Special K" PCP, "Angel dust" Ibogaine # (is also classed as a psychedelic) Dissociative drug - Kappa opioid receptor agonists. Salvinorin-A #, the active constituent of Salvia divinorum (d ...

See also:

Dissociative drug, Dissociative drug - Pharmacological classes of dissociatives and their general subjective effects, Dissociative drug - NMDA receptor antagonists and sigma1 ligands, Dissociative drug - Kappa opioid receptor agonists, Dissociative drug - Inhalants, Dissociative drug - Amanita muscaria constituents

Read more here: » Dissociative drug: Encyclopedia II - Dissociative drug - Pharmacological classes of dissociatives and their general subjective effects

Various cultures throughout the ages have used psychedelic fungi for shamanistic and other purposes. Mesoamerican mushroom stones of the pre-classic Mayans representing deified mushrooms date back to approximately 500 BC, while rock paintings in the Sahara of mushroom effigies date back to 7000 BC. Some scholars believe that Soma, the drink mentioned in Vedic literature, was derived from psychedelic mushrooms (R. Gordon Wasson suggests that this was amanita muscaria), while Albert Hofmann and Carl Ruck contend that the Eleusinian Mysteries made use of the psychedelic fungus ergot in the Kykeon. Amanita muscaria i ...

See also:

Psychedelic mushroom, Psychedelic mushroom - History, Psychedelic mushroom - Effects, Psychedelic mushroom - Dosage, Psychedelic mushroom - Legal Status, Psychedelic mushroom - Nomenclature, Psychedelic mushroom - Books

Read more here: » Psychedelic mushroom: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelic mushroom - History

Traditional uses of entheogenic mushrooms are recorded across the globe, yet there are no certain instances of the particular use of psilocybe semilanceata. It is widely considered that the druids of ancient Ireland ingested the liberty cap ritualistically and it is almost certain that Celtic warriors consumed a psychedelic potion before entering into battle. However, it is more probable that Celtic use involved the fungi 'Fly Agaric' (Amanita Muscaria), which conta ...

See also:

Liberty cap mushroom, Liberty cap mushroom - Traditional use, Liberty cap mushroom - Modern use

Read more here: » Liberty cap mushroom: Encyclopedia II - Liberty cap mushroom - Traditional use

Psychedelic mushrooms can elicit a range of bodily and mental effects, such as: Physical Torpor Chills Sensory Closed-eye visuals Open-eye visual effects Auditory effects Emotional Euphoric states Beatific states Paranoia and/or anxiety, even panic Intellectual Looped or confused thinking Introspective thinking Extreme mental lucidity< ...

See also:

Psychedelic mushroom, Psychedelic mushroom - History, Psychedelic mushroom - Effects, Psychedelic mushroom - Dosage, Psychedelic mushroom - Legal Status, Psychedelic mushroom - Nomenclature, Psychedelic mushroom - Books

Read more here: » Psychedelic mushroom: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelic mushroom - Effects

Dosage of psychedelic mushrooms depends on the total psilocybin and psilocin content of the mushrooms, which varies significantly between species and can also vary significantly within the same species, but is typically around 0.5-2% of the dried weight of the mushroom. A light dose of P. cubensis is usually cited to be about 1g dried material, corresponding to approximately 10mg of psilocybin/psilocin. A common or average dose is approximately 1-3g, corresponding to 10-30mg psilocybin/psilocin and a heavy dose is about 3-5g dried mat ...

See also:

Psychedelic mushroom, Psychedelic mushroom - History, Psychedelic mushroom - Effects, Psychedelic mushroom - Dosage, Psychedelic mushroom - Legal Status, Psychedelic mushroom - Nomenclature, Psychedelic mushroom - Books

Read more here: » Psychedelic mushroom: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelic mushroom - Dosage

The fly-agaric is not a controlled substance in most countries. Access to ergot and ergoline alkaloids is usually restricted since these substances are precursors to LSD. In most western countries, possession and use of psilocybin mushrooms is illegal. An exception to that rule are The Netherlands, where fresh mushrooms can be obtained in so-called "smart shops" which specialize in ethnobotanicals. Dried mushrooms however are considered a "preparation" and thus remain illegal, even in Holland; the same law is currently in place ...

See also:

Psychedelic mushroom, Psychedelic mushroom - History, Psychedelic mushroom - Effects, Psychedelic mushroom - Dosage, Psychedelic mushroom - Legal Status, Psychedelic mushroom - Nomenclature, Psychedelic mushroom - Books

Read more here: » Psychedelic mushroom: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelic mushroom - Legal Status

The word psychedelic is a neologism coined from the Greek words for "mind," ψυχη (psyche), and "manifest," δηλειν (delein) and is usually the preferred nomenclature because of its relative neutrality. The word hallucinogenic, though common parlance, is somewhat of a misnomer in the sense that psychedelic mushrooms do not primarily cause true hallucinations and is often avoided because of negative connotations. See the article on psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants for further discussion o ...

See also:

Psychedelic mushroom, Psychedelic mushroom - History, Psychedelic mushroom - Effects, Psychedelic mushroom - Dosage, Psychedelic mushroom - Legal Status, Psychedelic mushroom - Nomenclature, Psychedelic mushroom - Books

Read more here: » Psychedelic mushroom: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelic mushroom - Nomenclature

The deliriants (or anticholinergics) are a special class of dissociative which are antagonists for the acetylcholine receptors (unlike muscimol which is an agonist of this receptor). Deliriants are considered to be true hallucinogens as users will have conversations with people who aren't there, or become angry with a 'person' mimicking their actions, not realizing it is their own reflection in a mirror (which could be dangerous if they became aggressive towards a glass mirror). Where the cholinergics like amanita muscaria have ...

See also:

Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Etymology and alternative terms, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - History of use, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Traditional religious and shamanic use entheogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Early scientific investigations, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogens after World War II, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Social status of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Legal status, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacology, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacological classes of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants anticholinergics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants fungi and animals, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Plants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Fungi, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Animals

Read more here: » Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants

The usual classifications of five species follow: the fruit fly so familiar in genetics laboratories (Drosophila melanogaster), humans (Homo sapiens), the peas used by Gregor Mendel in his discovery of genetics (Pisum sativum), the fly agaric mushroom Amanita muscaria, and the bacterium Escherichia coli. The eight major ranks are given in bold; a selection of minor ranks are given as well. Notes: Botanists and mycologists use systematic naming conventions for higher taxa, using the Latin ...

See also:

Scientific classification, Scientific classification - Modern developments, Scientific classification - Early systems, Scientific classification - Linnaeus, Scientific classification - Examples, Scientific classification - Group suffixes

Read more here: » Scientific classification: Encyclopedia II - Scientific classification - Examples

Certain drugs can affect the subjective qualities of perception, thought or emotion, resulting in altered interpretations of sensory input, alternate states of consciousness, or hallucinations. This general group of pharmacological agents can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants. All of these agents act as neurotransmitter mimics, often as agonists or antagonists at neurotransmitter receptors. Their primary effects are markedly different from those of st ...

Including:

Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Etymology and alternative terms Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - History of use
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Early scientific investigations Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogens after World War II Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Social status of hallucinogens Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Legal status
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacology Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacological classes of hallucinogens
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants anticholinergics
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants, fungi, and animals
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Plants Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Fungi Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants - Animals

Read more here: » Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants: Encyclopedia - Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants

Certain drugs can affect the subjective qualities of perception, thought or emotion, resulting in altered interpretations of sensory input, alternate states of consciousness, or hallucinations. This general group of pharmacological agents can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants. All of these agents act as neurotransmitter mimics, often as agonists or antagonists at neurotransmitter receptors. Their primary effects are markedly different from those of st ...

Including:

Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Etymology and alternative terms Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - History of use
Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Traditional religious and shamanic use entheogens Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Early scientific investigations Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogens after World War II Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Social status of hallucinogens Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Legal status
Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacology Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacological classes of hallucinogens
Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants anticholinergics
Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants fungi and animals
Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Plants Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Fungi Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Animals

Read more here: » Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants: Encyclopedia - Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants

Hallucinogenic drugs are among the oldest drugs used by humankind, as hallucinogens naturally occur in mushrooms, cacti, and various other plants. Whether the use of hallucinogens is encouraged, unregulated, regulated, or prohibited, and whether hallucinogens are used for recreational, medicinal, or spiritual purposes, varies from culture to culture and nation to nation. In most nations of the world, the possession of many hallucinogens, even those that are common in nature, is a crime punished by fines, imprisonment or in many countries, de ...

See also:

Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Etymology and alternative terms, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - History of use, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Traditional religious and shamanic use entheogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Early scientific investigations, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogens after World War II, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Social status of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Legal status, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacology, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacological classes of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants anticholinergics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants fungi and animals, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Plants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Fungi, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Animals

Read more here: » Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - History of use

Among the most well-known hallucinogenic plants and fungi are: Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Plants. Ayahuasca (contains DMT and an MAOI, commonly Banisteriopsis caapi with Psychotria viridis) Epená (Virola sp.) (contains 5-MeO-DMT and DMT) Hawaiian baby woodrose (Argyreia nervosa) (contains Ergine) Ololiuhqui/Coaxihuitl (Turbina/Rivea corymbosa) (contains Ergine) Tlitliltzin/Badoh Negro (Ipomoea ...

See also:

Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Etymology and alternative terms, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - History of use, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Traditional religious and shamanic use entheogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Early scientific investigations, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogens after World War II, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Social status of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Legal status, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacology, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacological classes of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants anticholinergics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants fungi and animals, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Plants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Fungi, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Animals

Read more here: » Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants fungi and animals

Among the best-known hallucinogenic plants and fungi are: Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Plants. Ayahuasca (contains DMT and an MAOI, commonly Banisteriopsis caapi with Psychotria viridis) Epená (Virola sp.) (contains 5-MeO-DMT and DMT) Hawaiian baby woodrose (Argyreia nervosa) (contains Ergine) Ololiuhqui/Coaxihuitl (Turbina/Rivea corymbosa) (contains Ergine) Tlitliltzin/Badoh Negro (Ipomoea ...

See also:

Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Etymology and alternative terms, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - History of use, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Traditional religious and shamanic use entheogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Early scientific investigations, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogens after World War II, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Social status of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Legal status, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacology, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Pharmacological classes of hallucinogens, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Psychedelics serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Dissociatives, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Deliriants anticholinergics, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants fungi and animals, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Plants, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Fungi, Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Animals

Read more here: » Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants: Encyclopedia II - Psychedelics dissociatives and deliriants - Hallucinogenic plants fungi and animals