The initiative of starting the battle was on the Castilian side. The French allied cavalry charged, as they were accustomed to do: in full strength, in order to disrupt order in enemy lines. Even before they could get in contact with the Portuguese infantry, however, they were already disorganized. Just like at Crecy, the defending archers along with the ditches and pits did most of the work. The losses on the cavalry were heavy and the effect of its attack completely null. Support from the Castilian rear was late to come and the knights that did not perish in the combat were ...

See also:

Battle of Aljubarrota, Battle of Aljubarrota - Prelude, Battle of Aljubarrota - Portuguese dispositions, Battle of Aljubarrota - Castile arrives, Battle of Aljubarrota - Battle, Battle of Aljubarrota - Aftermath, Battle of Aljubarrota - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of Aljubarrota: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Aljubarrota - Battle

Krishna figure as a very minor figure in Buddhism. He appears in the Ghata Jataka as a prince who along with his other brothers captures Dwaraka. Many of the important names found in Hindu versions of the tale are found in conflated forms or with slight variations. The incidents have a touch more of folk-tales than epic or mythical ones. ...

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Krishna, Krishna - The name, Krishna - Literary sources, Krishna - The story of Krishna, Krishna - The incarnation, Krishna - Birth and childhood, Krishna - Boyhood and youth, Krishna - Krishna the prince, Krishna - The Kurukshetra war, Krishna - Later life, Krishna - The worship of Krishna, Krishna - Early references, Krishna - The Bhakti tradition, Krishna - Spread of Krishna-Bhakti movement, Krishna - Recent Krishna Bhakti movements, Krishna - Krishna in Jainism, Krishna - Krishna in Buddhism, Krishna - Krishna in the performing arts, Krishna - Chronology

Read more here: » Krishna: Encyclopedia II - Krishna - Krishna in Buddhism

Carl Ludvig Engel (1778-1840) designed several neo-classical buildings in Helsinki. He was kept in Helsinki by a unique assignment, as he was elected to plan a new centrum all on his own, which later on was also referred to as The White City Of The North. The city became shallow and wide at the time when most buildings had only two or three floors. The central point of Engel's city is the Senate Square, surrounded by the Government's Palace, the main building of the University, and the enormous Cathedral, which was finished in 1852 ...

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Helsinki, Helsinki - History, Helsinki - Services, Helsinki - Education, Helsinki - Traffic, Helsinki - Other services, Helsinki - Politics, Helsinki - Geography, Helsinki - Architecture, Helsinki - Culture, Helsinki - Events, Helsinki - Tourism, Helsinki - Notable natives, Helsinki - Olympics, Helsinki - Trivia

Read more here: » Helsinki: Encyclopedia II - Helsinki - Architecture

This substratum – named Brahman, by the Upanishads – permeates everything in the world. It is the common content of all that has a name and/or form. For that very reason, it has no name or form for itself. It is spoken of as ‘THAT’ in the neuter gender by the Upanishads. This is the unique Godhead of Hinduism. There is no other. There is no second. It is the source of all energy, of all power, either in nature or in living beings. In this abstract concept, however, there cannot be any subject-object relationship. Brahman cannot be th ...

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Bhakti, Bhakti - Concept of God, Bhakti - Brahman the Ultimate, Bhakti - Two schools the Absolutist and the non-Absolutist, Bhakti - Ishwara the all-powerful Almighty, Bhakti - Names and Forms, Bhakti - Favourite deity worship, Bhakti - Six traditional favourites, Bhakti - All-encompassing eclecticism, Bhakti - Classifications of Bhakti, Bhakti - Example of Towering Giants of Bhakti, Bhakti - Theory of Grace, Bhakti - Take the first step, Bhakti - One Purpose of prayer and worship, Bhakti - Sources

Read more here: » Bhakti: Encyclopedia II - Bhakti - Brahman the Ultimate

Despite the fact that instrumental music is better known outside India, Hindustani classical music is primarily vocal-centric, insofar as the musical forms were designed primarily for vocal performance, and many instruments were designed and evaluated as to how well they emulate the human voice. Some of the best known vocalists are Pandit Jasraj, Bhimsen Joshi, Kumar Gnadharva, Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Kishori Amonkar, Gangubai Hangal, Rajan and Sajan Mishra, Shubha Mudgal and Parveen Sultana . ...

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Hindustani classical music, Hindustani classical music - History, Hindustani classical music - Instrumental music, Hindustani classical music - Vocal music, Hindustani classical music - Types of Compositions, Hindustani classical music - Principles of Hindustani music, Hindustani classical music - Other personalities

Read more here: » Hindustani classical music: Encyclopedia II - Hindustani classical music - Vocal music

 6th century BCE  5th century BCE  4th century BCE  3rd century BCE  2nd century BCE  1st century BCE  1st century CE  2nd century CE  3rd century CE  4th century CE  5th century CE  6th century CE  7th century CE  8th century CE  9th century CE 10th century CE 11th century CE

See also:

Pallava, Pallava - Persian Origins, Pallava - Pallava Kingdom, Pallava - List of Pallava Kings, Pallava - Notes

Read more here: » Pallava: Encyclopedia II - Pallava - List of Pallava Kings

The markka was introduced in 1860 as a quarter of the Russian ruble. In 1865 the markka was separated from the Russian ruble and tied to the value of silver. After Finland gained independence in 1917, the Bank of Finland was founded and the markka was reintroduced as an independent currency backed by gold. The gold standard was abolished in 1940, and the markka suffered heavy inflation during the war years. In 1963 the markka was replaced by the new markka, equivalent to 100 old units. The name "markka" was based on a medieval unit of weight. Both "markka" and "penni" are loanwords based on the ...

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Finnish markka, Finnish markka - History, Finnish markka - Portraits in banknotes, Finnish markka - Earlier banknotes, Finnish markka - Coins, Finnish markka - External link

Read more here: » Finnish markka: Encyclopedia II - Finnish markka - History

The second-to-last banknote design series, designed by Tapio Wirkkala, was introduced in 1955 and revised in the reform of 1963. It was the first series to depict actual specific persons. These included Juho Kusti Paasikivi on the 10 markkaa note, J. V. Snellman on the 100 markkaa note and Urho Kekkonen on the 500 markkaa note (introduced later). Unlike Erik Bruun's series, this series did not depict any other real-life subjects, but only abstract ornaments in addition to the person depictions. A popular joke at the time was to cover ...

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Finnish markka, Finnish markka - History, Finnish markka - Portraits in banknotes, Finnish markka - Earlier banknotes, Finnish markka - Coins, Finnish markka - External link

Read more here: » Finnish markka: Encyclopedia II - Finnish markka - Earlier banknotes

The organization was hugely influential. It was not only engaged in formalising the architectual principles of the Modern Movement, but also saw architecture as an economic and political tool that could be used to improve the World through the design of buildings and through urban planning. At the fourth congress, held in 1933, the group conceived of the "Athens Charter", a document that adopted a functional conception of modern architecture and urban planning which was unique and provocative. The Charter, based on discussions held te ...

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Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Formation and Membership, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Influence, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - CIRPAC, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Conferences, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Disbanding

Read more here: » Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne: Encyclopedia II - Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Influence

The East Campus (EAsT camPUS) Alumni Houses are an undergraduate dorm named for six alumni of MIT: Munroe, Hayden, Wood, Walcott, Bemis, and Goodale. The six "houses" are arranged in two long parallels of three houses each, and are connected by floor. Residents closely identify with the floor they reside on. Most students simply refer to the dorm as "East Campus", "EC", or "Fred". East Campus was the location of the Time Traveler Convention on May 7, 2005. Notable alumni ...

See also:

List of MIT dormitories, List of MIT dormitories - Ashdown House, List of MIT dormitories - Baker House, List of MIT dormitories - Quotes, List of MIT dormitories - Bexley Hall, List of MIT dormitories - Burton-Conner House, List of MIT dormitories - East Campus Alumni Houses, List of MIT dormitories - Senior House, List of MIT dormitories - Simmons Hall

Read more here: » List of MIT dormitories: Encyclopedia II - List of MIT dormitories - East Campus Alumni Houses

In the morning of the following day, the true dimension of the battle was revealed: in the field, the bodies of Castilians were enough to dam the creeks surrounding the small hill. Juan himself had to run at full speed to save his life. Behind him he was leaving not only common soldiers but also many noblemen, causing mourning in Castile that would last until 1387. The French cavalry contingent suffered yet another defeat (after Crecy and Poitiers) by English defensive tactics. Agincourt decades late ...

See also:

Battle of Aljubarrota, Battle of Aljubarrota - Prelude, Battle of Aljubarrota - Portuguese dispositions, Battle of Aljubarrota - Castile arrives, Battle of Aljubarrota - Battle, Battle of Aljubarrota - Aftermath, Battle of Aljubarrota - Notes

Read more here: » Battle of Aljubarrota: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Aljubarrota - Aftermath

Krishna - Early references. The first possible recorded instance of a Krishna who may be identified with the deity can be found in the Chandogya Upanishad( circa 900 BCE). The teacher Ghora Angirasa discusses the nature of soul with Krishna, the son of Devaki. However, this teacher is never mentioned in connection with Krishna in later works nor does any ancient or medieval author quote this instance of Krishna, the deity. The exact words that Ghora speaks are treated by some as praise of Krishna and most others ...

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Krishna, Krishna - The name, Krishna - Texts stories and literature, Krishna - The story of Krishna, Krishna - The incarnation, Krishna - Birth and childhood, Krishna - Boyhood and youth, Krishna - Krishna the prince, Krishna - The Kurukshetra war, Krishna - The last days, Krishna - The worship of Krishna, Krishna - Early references, Krishna - The Bhakti tradition, Krishna - Gita Govinda - the song of the cowherd, Krishna - Recent Krishna bhakti movements, Krishna - Krishna in Jainism, Krishna - Krishna in Buddhism, Krishna - Chronology

Read more here: » Krishna: Encyclopedia II - Krishna - The worship of Krishna

A number of local traditions and regional deities may have been subsumed into the stories and person of Krishna. Accounts of or ballads about Krishna occur in a large number of works. These include the Mahabharata, the Bhagavad Gita, the Bhagavata Purana, and the Gita Govinda. Roughly one quarter of the Bhagavata Purana (mostly in the tenth book) is spent extolling his life and philosophy. The best known, or the most important stories of Krishna, include these: Krishna the butter-thief (Maakhanchor). One of the mos ...

See also:

Krishna, Krishna - The name, Krishna - Texts, stories, and literature, Krishna - The story of Krishna, Krishna - The incarnation, Krishna - Birth and childhood, Krishna - Boyhood and youth, Krishna - Krishna the prince, Krishna - The Kurukshetra war, Krishna - The last days, Krishna - The worship of Krishna, Krishna - Early references, Krishna - The Bhakti tradition, Krishna - Gita Govinda - the song of the cowherd, Krishna - Recent Krishna bhakti movements, Krishna - Krishna in Jainism, Krishna - Krishna in Buddhism, Krishna - Chronology

Read more here: » Krishna: Encyclopedia II - Krishna - Texts, stories, and literature

CN Tower John Hancock Tower Home Office Royal National Theatre ...

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1976 in architecture, 1976 in architecture - Buildings, 1976 in architecture - Births, 1976 in architecture - Deaths

Read more here: » 1976 in architecture: Encyclopedia II - 1976 in architecture - Buildings

Vaishnavas believe that Vishnu-Narayana is the one supreme God and all other gods and creatures are subservient to Him. All of the sects mentioned above except the last fall under this group. Advaita Vashnavas believe that no soul is actually separated from God, and that every soul is ultimately one and the same. Thus each soul could be considered as equally divine. Thus Vishnu in the saguna (with attributes) form is characterized by harmony and perfection. But in nirguna (without attributes) form, He is in a state ...

See also:

Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Schools of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - The Major Schools, Vaishnavism - The Supreme Godhead, Vaishnavism - History of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Vaishnava Upanishads

Read more here: » Vaishnavism: Encyclopedia II - Vaishnavism - The Major Schools

Following the town's return to Russia, its name officially reverted to Vyborg. During the Soviet era, the town was settled by people from all over the Soviet Union and continued to be an important industrial producer of paper. In the proximity of Vyborg there is since 1982 a HVDC back-to-back facility for the change of electricity between the Russian and Finnish power grid. It consists of three bipolar HVDC back-to-back schemes with an operating voltage of 85 kV and a maximum transmission rate of 355 megawatts, so that the entire maximum transmis ...

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Vyborg, Vyborg - History, Vyborg - 20th-century vicissitudes, Vyborg - Economics, Vyborg - Sights

Read more here: » Vyborg: Encyclopedia II - Vyborg - Economics

A number of firsts in Finnish education have taken place in Jyväskylä: The first Finnish-speaking Lyceum (High School) (1858) The first Finnish-speaking teacher training college (1863) The first Finnish-speaking school for girls (1864) Finland's first Summer University (1914) Due to this, among other things, the city earned the nickname Athens of Finland. The teacher training college later evolved into the College of Education (1934) and further into the multidisci ...

See also:

Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä - Education, Jyväskylä - History, Jyväskylä - Numerical data on Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä - Twin towns, Jyväskylä - Sister cities, Jyväskylä - Trivia

Read more here: » Jyväskylä: Encyclopedia II - Jyväskylä - Education

Much speculation abounds about Sancho's death. Most say that the assassination was a result of a pact between Alfonso and Urraca; some even say they had an incestuous relationship. In any case, since Sancho died unmarried and childless, all of his power passed to his brother, Alfonso—the very person he had fought against. Almost immediately, Alfonso was recalled from exile in Toledo and took his seat as king of Leon and Castile. While he was deeply suspected in Castile (probably correctly) for being involved in Sancho's murder, a le ...

See also:

El Cid, El Cid - Early life, El Cid - Service under Sancho, El Cid - Early military victories, El Cid - Victories over Alfonso and Sancho's death, El Cid - Service under Alfonso, El Cid - Battle tactics, El Cid - Marriage and family life, El Cid - Service as administrator, El Cid - Exile, El Cid - Conquest of Valencia, El Cid - Legend, El Cid - Tizona, El Cid - El Cid in literature film and other media, El Cid - Bibliography

Read more here: » El Cid: Encyclopedia II - El Cid - Service under Alfonso

Isabella was great-great-granddaughter of both Henry II of Castile and his half-brother Peter I of Castile and their respective wives (Joan of Villena and Maria de Padilla). She was also great-great-granddaughter of Peter IV of Aragon and his wife Leonor of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal, as well as of her half-brother Peter I of Portugal and his mistress Teresa Lourenço. Through John of Gaunt she was great-great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England and his wife Philippa of Hainault and through his first wife of Hen ...

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Isabella of Castile, Isabella of Castile - Name, Isabella of Castile - Genealogy, Isabella of Castile - Early years, Isabella of Castile - Accession, Isabella of Castile - The events of 1492, Isabella of Castile - Granada, Isabella of Castile - Columbus, Isabella of Castile - Expulsion of the Jews and Muslims, Isabella of Castile - Later years, Isabella of Castile - Children, Isabella of Castile - Influence, Isabella of Castile - Isabella and contemporay politics and religion, Isabella of Castile - Isabella in fiction

Read more here: » Isabella of Castile: Encyclopedia II - Isabella of Castile - Genealogy

The Sanskrit name and word is written kṛṣṇa in IAST transliteration (the equivalent of Devanagari कृष्ण; see Sanskrit for pronunciation.) The term Krishna in Sanskrit means "the all-attractive one". In depictions, Krishna often appears as a black or dark-skinned figure, for instance in the modern murtis (statues) and pictorial representati ...

See also:

Krishna, Krishna - The name, Krishna - Texts stories and literature, Krishna - The story of Krishna, Krishna - The incarnation, Krishna - Birth and childhood, Krishna - Boyhood and youth, Krishna - Krishna the prince, Krishna - The Kurukshetra war, Krishna - The last days, Krishna - The worship of Krishna, Krishna - Early references, Krishna - The Bhakti tradition, Krishna - Gita Govinda - the song of the cowherd, Krishna - Recent Krishna bhakti movements, Krishna - Krishna in Jainism, Krishna - Krishna in Buddhism, Krishna - Chronology

Read more here: » Krishna: Encyclopedia II - Krishna - The name

A number of local traditions and regional deities may have been subsumed into the stories and person of Krishna. Accounts of or ballads about Krishna occur in a large number of works. These include the Mahabharata, the Bhagavad Gita, the Bhagavata Purana, and the Gita Govinda. Roughly one quarter of the Bhagavata Purana (mostly in the tenth book) is spent extolling his life and philosophy. The best known, or the most important stories of Krishna, include these: Krishna the butter-thief (Maakhanchor). One of the mos ...

See also:

Krishna, Krishna - The name, Krishna - Texts stories and literature, Krishna - The story of Krishna, Krishna - The incarnation, Krishna - Birth and childhood, Krishna - Boyhood and youth, Krishna - Krishna the prince, Krishna - The Kurukshetra war, Krishna - The last days, Krishna - The worship of Krishna, Krishna - Early references, Krishna - The Bhakti tradition, Krishna - Gita Govinda - the song of the cowherd, Krishna - Recent Krishna bhakti movements, Krishna - Krishna in Jainism, Krishna - Krishna in Buddhism, Krishna - Chronology

Read more here: » Krishna: Encyclopedia II - Krishna - Texts stories and literature

The most exalted fugures in Jainism are the 24 Tirthankaras. Krishna when he was incorpoarted into the Jain list of herioc figures presented a problem with his activities which are not pacifist or non-violent. The concept of Baladeva, Vasudeva and Prati-Vasedeva was used to solve it. The Jain list of 63 Shalakapurshas or notable figures includes amongst others, the 24 Tirthankaras and 9 sets of this triad. One of these traids is Krishna as the Vasudeva, Balarama as the Baladeva and Jarasandha as the Prati-Vasudeva. The stories of these triad ...

See also:

Krishna, Krishna - The name, Krishna - Texts stories and literature, Krishna - The story of Krishna, Krishna - The incarnation, Krishna - Birth and childhood, Krishna - Boyhood and youth, Krishna - Krishna the prince, Krishna - The Kurukshetra war, Krishna - The last days, Krishna - The worship of Krishna, Krishna - Early references, Krishna - The Bhakti tradition, Krishna - Gita Govinda - the song of the cowherd, Krishna - Recent Krishna bhakti movements, Krishna - Krishna in Jainism, Krishna - Krishna in Buddhism, Krishna - Chronology

Read more here: » Krishna: Encyclopedia II - Krishna - Krishna in Jainism