The 20th century abounds with manifestos in which the term "architecture as a social art" is variously voiced. Among the many propositions that command our attention are the concepts and buildings of architects associated with the International Congress of Modern Architecture (CIAM), founded in June 1928 at the Chateau de la Sarraz in Switzerland, by a group of 28 European architects organized by Le Corbusier, Hél ...

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Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Formation and Membership, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Influence, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - CIRPAC, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Conferences, Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne - Disbanding

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There has probably been continuous settlement in the Rovaniemi area since the Stone Age. Periodic clearance of new land for agriculture and the practice of slash-and-burn cultivation began around 750-530 B.C. Artifacts found in the area suggest that an increasing number of travellers from Karelia in the east, Häme in the south and the Arctic Ocean coast in the north must have come there from 500 A.D. onwards. The Sami are considered to be ...

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Rovaniemi, Rovaniemi - History, Rovaniemi - Rovaniemi Today, Rovaniemi - Facts and Figures, Rovaniemi - Climate, Rovaniemi - Population, Rovaniemi - Employment, Rovaniemi - Famous Figures

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Because of the unspoilt nature and numerous recreational opportunities, tourism is an important industry in Rovaniemi. The city has a number of hotels and restaurants located both in the centre and on the outskirts of the town. The majority of its 35,000 inhabitants make their living in service professions. Since Rovaniemi represents the capital of the Province of Lapland, many government institutions have their offices there. It is said that out of 35,000 inhabitants, about 10,000 are students. Rovaniemi is home to not only the Unive ...

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Rovaniemi, Rovaniemi - History, Rovaniemi - Rovaniemi Today, Rovaniemi - Facts and Figures, Rovaniemi - Climate, Rovaniemi - Population, Rovaniemi - Employment, Rovaniemi - Famous Figures

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The people of the island appear to be mentioned as early as 98 AD, by Tacitus, who called them the "Aviones". The same tribal name appears in Widsith as "Eowan", and Wulfstan later called the island "Eowland", the land of the Eowan. In Swedish history, the island long served as a royal game park. ...

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Öland, Öland - County, Öland - History, Öland - Geography, Öland - City, Öland - Hundreds, Öland - Facts, Öland - Culture, Öland - Heraldry

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The Castilian vanguard arrived at lunch time from the north. Seeing the strongly defensive position occupied by the Portuguese, Juan made the wise decision to avoid combat on João's terms. Slowly, due to the numbers of his army (about 30,000 men), the Castilian army started to contour the hill where the Portuguese were located. Juan's scouts had noticed that the south side of the hill had a gentler slope and it w ...

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Battle of Aljubarrota, Battle of Aljubarrota - Prelude, Battle of Aljubarrota - Portuguese dispositions, Battle of Aljubarrota - Castile arrives, Battle of Aljubarrota - Battle, Battle of Aljubarrota - Aftermath, Battle of Aljubarrota - Notes

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Main article: Geography of Öland Oelandia was historically divided into one chartered city and five hundreds. Öland - City. Borgholm (1816) Öland - Hundreds. Algutsrum Hundred Gräsgård Hundred Möckleby Hundred Runsten Hundred Slättbo Hundred Åkerbo Hundred Öland - Facts. Highest mountain: Högsrum 55 meters Largest lake: Möckelmossen Length: 137 km W ...

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Öland, Öland - County, Öland - History, Öland - Geography, Öland - City, Öland - Hundreds, Öland - Facts, Öland - Culture, Öland - Heraldry

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Narada Bhakti sutra by sage Narada distinguishes eleven forms based on the different relationship to God that the devotee can assume. Prahlada, as explained in Srimad Bhagavatam, enunciates Nine Expressions of Bhakti. Adi Shankara, in his verse #61 of Sivanandalahari lists Five analogies of Bhakti. See Five Graded Analogies of Bhakti. Sathya Sai Baba, talks about Three stages of Bhakti, namely, External Worship (“Bahya bhakti”, like worshipping in temples and holy places), Exclusive Worship of one deity (“Ananya bh ...

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Bhakti, Bhakti - Concept of God, Bhakti - Brahman the Ultimate, Bhakti - Two schools the Absolutist and the non-Absolutist, Bhakti - Ishwara the all-powerful Almighty, Bhakti - Names and Forms, Bhakti - Favourite deity worship, Bhakti - Six traditional favourites, Bhakti - All-encompassing eclecticism, Bhakti - Classifications of Bhakti, Bhakti - Example of Towering Giants of Bhakti, Bhakti - Theory of Grace, Bhakti - Take the first step, Bhakti - One Purpose of prayer and worship, Bhakti - Sources

Read more here: » Bhakti: Encyclopedia II - Bhakti - Classifications of Bhakti

The Bhakti Movement was essentially founded in South India and later spread to the North during the late medieval period. The notion of 'Bhakti' (loosely translated as devotional love to God) is of hoary antiquity. A nascent consciousness of what 'Bhakti' constitutes is already to be found in the earliest Vedas, especially in relation to deities such as Varuna. A clearer expression of Bhakti began to be formed during the so-called Epic Period and the Puranic periods of Hindu history. Texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Bhagavata Purana clearly explore Bhakti Yoga or th ...

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Bhakti movement, Bhakti movement - Origins, Bhakti movement - Rama bhakti, Bhakti movement - Vaishnava bhakti, Bhakti movement - Influences, Bhakti movement - Bibliography

Read more here: » Bhakti movement: Encyclopedia II - Bhakti movement - Origins

Kelleys Island is located at 41°36'5" North, 82°41'51" West (41.601343, -82.697442)GR1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 12.0 km² (4.6 mi²). 11.8 km² (4.6 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.30% water. ...

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Kelleys Island Ohio, Kelleys Island Ohio - Island Development, Kelleys Island Ohio - Geography, Kelleys Island Ohio - Demographics

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Of the 108 Upanishads of the Muktika, 13 are considered Vaishna Upanishads. They are listed with their associated Veda (SV, ŚYV, KYV, AV): Nṛsiṃhatāpanī (AV) Mahānārāyaṇa (AV) See also:

Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Schools of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - The Major Schools, Vaishnavism - The Supreme Godhead, Vaishnavism - History of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Vaishna Upanishads, Vaishnavism - See Also

Read more here: » Vaishnavism: Encyclopedia II - Vaishnavism - Vaishna Upanishads

Most public spaces are fitted with guard rails when there is a risk of injury to the spaces users or occupants. Any abrupt change in elevation where the higher portion is accessible, makes possible a fatal or injurious fall. As a result of this responsibility and often liability, provisions are placed by the sites planners to prevent harm, and protect people who will be using the premises. Examples of this are both architectural and environmental. Environmental guard rails are placed frequently along hiking trails, where adjacent terr ...

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Guard rail, Guard rail - Public safety, Guard rail - Safety and industry, Guard rail - Automotive safety

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It is customary to commence the Vishnu sahasranama with a devotional prayer to Vishnu. See also: full text of the Vishnu sahasranama. ...

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Vishnu sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Etymology, Vishnu sahasranama - Interpretation, Vishnu sahasranama - Pronunciation and Merits of Recitation, Vishnu sahasranama - Prayer, Vishnu sahasranama - Shlokas, Vishnu sahasranama - Recitation and aggregation, Vishnu sahasranama - Tradition of recitation, Vishnu sahasranama - Inclusion of other deities, Vishnu sahasranama - Quotes about Vishnu Sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Benefits of chanting Vishnu Sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Books

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João I married at Oporto on February 2, 1387 to Philippa of Lancaster (1359-1415), daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster. From that marriage were born several famous princes and princesses of Portugal (Infantes) that became known as the Ilustrous Generation (Portuguese: Ínclita Geração). See also: Kings of Portugal family tree This article incorporates text from the1911 Encyclopædi ...

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John I of Portugal, John I of Portugal - Genealogical Data, John I of Portugal - Sources:

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Ashdown is a graduate dormitory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, named for Avery Ashdown, the first housemaster. Formerly known as "Graduate House", the building was first a hotel and later converted into a dormitory. Notable residents have included Murray Gell-Mann who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1969 and Elias James Corey who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1990. ...

See also:

List of MIT dormitories, List of MIT dormitories - Ashdown House, List of MIT dormitories - Baker House, List of MIT dormitories - Quotes, List of MIT dormitories - Bexley Hall, List of MIT dormitories - Burton-Conner House, List of MIT dormitories - East Campus Alumni Houses, List of MIT dormitories - Senior House, List of MIT dormitories - Simmons Hall

Read more here: » List of MIT dormitories: Encyclopedia II - List of MIT dormitories - Ashdown House

Of the 108 Upanishads of the Muktika, 13 are considered Vaishnava Upanishads. They are listed with their associated Veda (SV, ŚYV, KYV, AV): Nṛsiṃhatāpanī (AV) Mahānārāyaṇa (AV) See also:

Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Schools of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - The Major Schools, Vaishnavism - The Supreme Godhead, Vaishnavism - History of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Vaishnava Upanishads

Read more here: » Vaishnavism: Encyclopedia II - Vaishnavism - Vaishnava Upanishads

João I married at Oporto on February 2, 1387 Philippa of Lancaster, daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster. From that marriage were born several famous princes and princesses of Portugal (Infantes) that became known as the Ilustrous Generation (Portuguese: Ínclita Geração). See also: Kings of Portugal family tree This article incorporates text from the1911 Encyclopædi ...

See also:

John I of Portugal, John I of Portugal - Genealogical Data, John I of Portugal - Sources:

Read more here: » John I of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - John I of Portugal - Genealogical Data

Jyväskylä - Sister cities. Jalapa, Nicaragua (1988) Mudanjiang, China (1988) ...

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Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä - Education, Jyväskylä - History, Jyväskylä - Numerical data on Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä - Twin towns, Jyväskylä - Sister cities, Jyväskylä - Trivia

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The Pallava dynasty’s greatest kings were Simhavisnu (ruled 575-600) and Narasimhavarman I (ruled 630-668). Their main capital was Kanchipuram, a town southwest of Madras. It is believed that they had two other working capitals in Bhavathri, in Andhra, and in Palakkad, in eastern Kerala. At its peak the Pallava Empire stretched over most of south India, bounded by the Cholas on the south and Cheras on the west and the Chalukyas on the north. At its height it covered an area larger than France, England and Germany combined. It encomp ...

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Pallava, Pallava - Persian Origins, Pallava - Pallava Kingdom, Pallava - List of Pallava Kings, Pallava - Notes

Read more here: » Pallava: Encyclopedia II - Pallava - Pallava Kingdom

Portugal's rival Castile had been somewhat slower than their neighbour to begin exploring the Atlantic, and it was not until late in the fifteenth century that Castilian sailors began to compete with their Iberian neighbours. The first contest was for control of the Canary Islands, which Castille won. It was not until the union of Aragon and Castille and the completion of the reconquista that the large nation became fully committed to looking for new trade routes and colonies overseas. In 1492 the joint rulers of the nation decided to ...

See also:

Age of Discovery, Age of Discovery - Exploration by land, Age of Discovery - Exploration begins in Portugal, Age of Discovery - Discovery of the Americas, Age of Discovery - Decline of the Portuguese monopoly, Age of Discovery - Northern European involvement, Age of Discovery - Conquest of Siberia, Age of Discovery - Effect on Europe, Age of Discovery - End of the Age of Exploration

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Carl Ludvig Engel (1778-1840) designed several neo-classical buildings in Helsinki. He was kept in Helsinki by a unique assignment, as he was elected to plan a new centrum all on his own, which later on was also referred to as The White City Of The North. The city became shallow and wide at the time when most buildings had only two or three floors. In the middle of the city, on the northern side of the Senate Square, he planned an enormous Cathedral, which was finished in 1852 ...

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Helsinki, Helsinki - History, Helsinki - Services, Helsinki - Education, Helsinki - Traffic, Helsinki - Other services, Helsinki - Politics, Helsinki - Geography, Helsinki - Architecture, Helsinki - Culture, Helsinki - Happenings, Helsinki - Tourism, Helsinki - Notable natives, Helsinki - Olympics, Helsinki - Trivia

Read more here: » Helsinki: Encyclopedia II - Helsinki - Architecture

In the Battle of Cabra (1079), the Cid rallied his troops and turned the battle into a rout of Emir Abd Allah of Granada and his ally García Ordóñez. However, the Cid's unauthorized expedition into Granada greatly angered Alfonso, and May 8, 1080, was the last time the Cid confirmed a document in King Alfonso's court. This is the generally given reason for the Cid's exile, although several others are plausible and may have been contributing factors: jealous nobles turning Alfonso against the Cid, Alfonso's own animosity towards the Cid, a ...

See also:

El Cid, El Cid - Early life, El Cid - Service under Sancho, El Cid - Early military victories, El Cid - Victories over Alfonso and Sancho's death, El Cid - Service under Alfonso, El Cid - Battle tactics, El Cid - Marriage and family life, El Cid - Service as administrator, El Cid - Exile, El Cid - Conquest of Valencia, El Cid - Legend, El Cid - Tizona, El Cid - El Cid in literature film and other media, El Cid - Bibliography

Read more here: » El Cid: Encyclopedia II - El Cid - Exile

She was great-great-granddaughter of both Henry II of Castile and his half-brother Peter I of Castile and their respective wives Joan of Villena and Maria de Padilla. She was also great-great-granddaughter of Peter IV of Aragon and his wife Leonor of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal, as well as of her half-brother Peter I of Portugal and his mistress Teresa Lourenço. Through John of Gaunt she was great-great-granddaughter of King Edward III of England and his wife Philippa of Hainault and through his first wife of Henry of G ...

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Isabella of Castile, Isabella of Castile - Name, Isabella of Castile - Genealogy, Isabella of Castile - Early years, Isabella of Castile - Accession, Isabella of Castile - 1492, Isabella of Castile - Granada, Isabella of Castile - Columbus, Isabella of Castile - Expulsion of the Jews, Isabella of Castile - Later years, Isabella of Castile - Children, Isabella of Castile - Influence

Read more here: » Isabella of Castile: Encyclopedia II - Isabella of Castile - Genealogy