Thanks to Alvars, a set of twelve people who with their devotional hymns spread the sect to the common people, Vaishnavism flourished in south India. Some of the prominent azhvars are Poigaiyazhvar, Peyazhvar, Periyazhvar, Nammazhvar and Andal. Vaishnavism grew in later years due to the influence of sages like Ramanujar, Surdas, Tulsidas, Tyagaraja, etc. With the entry of other religions into the Indian subcontinent, Hindus united and the discriminations of Vaishnavism and Saivism became intellectual ...

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Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Schools of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - The Major Schools, Vaishnavism - The Supreme Godhead, Vaishnavism - History of Vaishnavism, Vaishnavism - Vaishnava Upanishads

Read more here: » Vaishnavism: Encyclopedia II - Vaishnavism - History of Vaishnavism

The prominent Nayanars who were considered as the foremost among the 63 are Appar, Sundarar, Sambandar also known as Thirugnana Sambanthar, and Manikkavasagar. They are the four Grandmasters of the Shaivite Bhakti canon. Similarly, the Alvars, who were twelve in number, exhibited greatest devotion to Vishnu. ...

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Nayanars, Nayanars - Simple but divinely intoxicated, Nayanars - Role model of Devotion, Nayanars - Four Samayacharyas, Nayanars - Bhakti Renaissance, Nayanars - Related Links

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Following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the fall of the Russian Empire, Finland declared itself independent. During the Finnish Civil War Viipuri was in the hands of the Reds, until it was captured by the Whites on 29 April 1918. In the mid-war decades, the town, now officially known as Viipuri, was the second biggest city in Finland. In 1939 Viipuri had some 80,000 inhabitants, including sizable minorities of Russians, Germans and Swedes. During this time, Alvar Aalto built a masterpi ...

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Vyborg, Vyborg - History, Vyborg - 20th-century vicissitudes, Vyborg - Economics, Vyborg - Sights

Read more here: » Vyborg: Encyclopedia II - Vyborg - 20th-century vicissitudes

After his accession to the throne, João proceeded to conquer the Portuguese cities that supported Princess Beatrice and her husband's claims, namely Caminha, Braga and Guimarães among others. On the news of the invasion by the Castilians, João's army met with Nuno Alvares Pereira (the Portuguese field marshal) in the town of Tomar. There, they decided to face the enemy in battle, before they could get close to Lisbon, capital of the kingdom. Along with its English allies, the Portuguese army set out to intercept the invading army n ...

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Battle of Aljubarrota, Battle of Aljubarrota - Prelude, Battle of Aljubarrota - Portuguese dispositions, Battle of Aljubarrota - Castile arrives, Battle of Aljubarrota - Battle, Battle of Aljubarrota - Aftermath, Battle of Aljubarrota - Notes

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This section covers the last design series of the Finnish markka, designed in the 1980s by Finnish designer Erik Bruun and issued in 1986. 10 markkaa (blue) - Paavo Nurmi (1897–1973), athlete and Olympic winner (note discontinued upon introduction of the 20 markkaa note) 20 markkaa (blue/green) - Väinö Linna (1920–1992), author and novelist (note introduced in 1993) 50 markkaa (brown) - Alvar Aalto (1898–1976), architect 100 markkaa (green) - Jean Sibelius (1865-1957), composer 500 mar ...

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Finnish markka, Finnish markka - History, Finnish markka - Portraits in banknotes, Finnish markka - Earlier banknotes, Finnish markka - Coins, Finnish markka - External link

Read more here: » Finnish markka: Encyclopedia II - Finnish markka - Portraits in banknotes

Tamil literature - The Bhakti Cult. The spread of religions like Jainism and Buddhism resulted in a new religious movement that saw the revival of Shaivism and Vaishnavism. It is therefore known as the Bhakti movement. This also resulted in the creation of huge number of literary works,primarily by the Alvars and the Nayanmars, who sung the praise of Vishnu and Shiva respectively. Periya puranaam, Divya Prabhandham,Thiruppavai, Thiruvempaavai and Dhevaaram were all written during the Bhakti cult. See also South India's 75 Apostles of Bhakti. < ...

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Tamil literature, Tamil literature - Ancient Literature, Tamil literature - Caṅkam literature, Tamil literature - Post-Sangam Period, Tamil literature - The Dark Age, Tamil literature - Medieval literature, Tamil literature - The Bhakti Cult, Tamil literature - The Epic Period, Tamil literature - The Modern Era

Read more here: » Tamil literature: Encyclopedia II - Tamil literature - Medieval literature

1898 - January to March. January 16 - Margaret Booth, American film editor (d. 2002) January 21 - Ahmad Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (d. 1930) January 23 - Sergei Eisenstein, Russian film director (d. 1948) January 23 - Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (d. 1948) February 3 - Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976) February 10 - Bertolt Brecht, German writer (d. 1956) February 14 - Fritz Zwicky, Swiss physicist and astronomer (d. 1974)

The first phase of modern European activity in this region began with the oceanic crossings of Christopher Columbus (1492-1500), sponsored by Spain, whose original attempt was to find a new route to India and China, known as "the Indies". These were followed by other explorers such as John Cabot, sponsored by England, who came in search of the riches the Spanish had found, and also Pedro Alvares Cabral, who discovered Brazil for Portugal. Other settlers included Giovanni da Verrazano, sponsored by France, and, according to some, the German D ...

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European colonization of the Americas, European colonization of the Americas - Early state-sponsored colonists, European colonization of the Americas - Religious immigration, European colonization of the Americas - Economic immigrants, European colonization of the Americas - Forced immigration

Read more here: » European colonization of the Americas: Encyclopedia II - European colonization of the Americas - Early state-sponsored colonists

List of compositions for harp - Concertos. Johann Georg Albrechtsberger 4 harp concertinos (1772) Harp Concerto (1773) Elias Parish Alvars Three concertos Two concertinos, one for solo harp, one for two harps François-Adrien Boieldieu Harp Concerto in C (1801) Henry Cowell Harp Concerto, L. 947 (1965) Jan Ladislav Dussek Harp Concerto in E flat, C. 53/265 (1789) ...

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List of compositions for harp, List of compositions for harp - Solo Works, List of compositions for harp - Chamber works, List of compositions for harp - Concertante works, List of compositions for harp - Concertos, List of compositions for harp - Other concertante works, List of compositions for harp - Concertos with other solo instruments, List of compositions for harp - Reference

Read more here: » List of compositions for harp: Encyclopedia II - List of compositions for harp - Concertante works

Tamil literature - The Bhakti Cult. The spread of religions like Jainism and Buddhism resulted in a new religious movement that saw the revival of Shaivism and Vaishnavism. It is therefore known as the Bhakti movement. This also resulted in the creation of huge number of literary works,primarily by the Alvars and the Nayanmars, who sung the praise of Vishnu and Shiva respectively. Periya puranaam, Divya Prabhandham,Thiruppavai, Thiruvempaavai and Dhevaaram were all written during the Bhakti cult. See also South India's 75 Apostles of Bhakti. < ...

See also:

Tamil literature, Tamil literature - Ancient Literature, Tamil literature - Caṅkam literature, Tamil literature - Post-Sangam Period, Tamil literature - The Dark Age, Tamil literature - Medieval literature, Tamil literature - The Bhakti Cult, Tamil literature - The Epic Period, Tamil literature - The Modern Era, Tamil literature - Famous contemporary writers, Tamil literature - Commercial writers, Tamil literature - Major poets of recent times, Tamil literature - Modern Tamil women poets, Tamil literature - Literary Magazines or Siru Pathirikaigal

Read more here: » Tamil literature: Encyclopedia II - Tamil literature - Medieval literature

For current affairs see: Kalmar County There was an Öland County between 1819 and 1824, otherwise the island has belonged to Kalmar County since 1634. The island is connected to the mainland through the Öland bridge, which opened in 1972. ...

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Öland, Öland - County, Öland - History, Öland - Geography, Öland - City, Öland - Hundreds, Öland - Facts, Öland - Culture, Öland - Heraldry

Read more here: » Öland: Encyclopedia II - Öland - County

Kelleys is heavily forested among several residential areas, some for year-round residents, others for summer vacationers. Some small farms and a small limestone quarrying operation exist on the island. Historically, Kelleys Island was the center of limestone production in the Great Lakes when in the late 19th century when 16 limestone kilns produced lime on the island. Numerous ruins of these operations and quarries dot the island. On the northern side, Kelleys Island State Park offers camping and protects the Glacial Grooves State M ...

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Kelleys Island Ohio, Kelleys Island Ohio - Island Development, Kelleys Island Ohio - Geography, Kelleys Island Ohio - Demographics

Read more here: » Kelleys Island Ohio: Encyclopedia II - Kelleys Island Ohio - Island Development

Baker House is a co-ed dormitory at MIT designed by the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto in 1947-1948 and built in 1949. It has an undulating shape which allows most rooms a view of the Charles River, and gives many of the rooms a wedge layout. Aalto also designed furniture for the rooms. Baker House has historically been known on campus as a social dorm. Many of MIT's more outgoing students call Baker House home. The dorm is almost entirely student run: staffing the front desk 18 hours a day, running the mail room, planning the budget, and of course throwing parties is all done by the residents of Baker H ...

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List of MIT dormitories, List of MIT dormitories - Ashdown House, List of MIT dormitories - Baker House, List of MIT dormitories - Quotes, List of MIT dormitories - Bexley Hall, List of MIT dormitories - Burton-Conner House, List of MIT dormitories - East Campus Alumni Houses, List of MIT dormitories - Senior House, List of MIT dormitories - Simmons Hall

Read more here: » List of MIT dormitories: Encyclopedia II - List of MIT dormitories - Baker House

Sri N. Krishnamachari, a Vaishnavite scholar, at Steven Knapp's web site, quoting Vaishnavite scholars, states that there are six reasons for the greatness of Vishnu sahasranama: "1. Vishnu sahasranama is the essence of the Mahabharata; 2. Great sages such as Narada, the Alvars, and composers including Saint Tyagaraja have made repeated references to the "Thousand Names of Vishnu" in their devotional works; 3. The person who strung together the thousand names as part of the Mahabharata and preserved it for the ...

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Vishnu sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Etymology, Vishnu sahasranama - Interpretation, Vishnu sahasranama - Pronunciation and Merits of Recitation, Vishnu sahasranama - Prayer, Vishnu sahasranama - Shlokas, Vishnu sahasranama - Recitation and aggregation, Vishnu sahasranama - Tradition of recitation, Vishnu sahasranama - Inclusion of other deities, Vishnu sahasranama - Quotes about Vishnu Sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Benefits of chanting Vishnu Sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Books

Read more here: » Vishnu sahasranama: Encyclopedia II - Vishnu sahasranama - Quotes about Vishnu Sahasranama

Sri N. Krishnamachari, a vaishnavite scholar, at Steven Knapp's web site, quoting Vaishnavite scholars, states that there are six reasons for the greatness of Vishnu sahasranama: "1. Vishnu sahasranama is the essence of the Mahabharata; 2. Great sages such as Narada, the Alvars, and composers including Saint Tyagaraja have made repeated references to the "Thousand Names of Vishnu" in their devotional works; 3. The person who strung together the thousand names as part of the Mahabharata and preserved it for the ...

See also:

Vishnu sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Etymology, Vishnu sahasranama - Interpretation, Vishnu sahasranama - Pronunciation and Merits of Recitation, Vishnu sahasranama - Prayer, Vishnu sahasranama - Shlokas, Vishnu sahasranama - Recitation and aggregation, Vishnu sahasranama - Tradition of recitation, Vishnu sahasranama - Inclusion of other deities, Vishnu sahasranama - Quotes about Vishnu Sahasranama and Its Greatness, Vishnu sahasranama - Benefits of chanting Vishnu Sahasranama, Vishnu sahasranama - Books

Read more here: » Vishnu sahasranama: Encyclopedia II - Vishnu sahasranama - Quotes about Vishnu Sahasranama and Its Greatness

Main article: Culture of Öland The Borgholm Castle was built in 1669-1681 for Queen Hedvig Eleonora, and designed by Nicodemus Tessin, senior. In its vicinity sits the Solliden Palace, summer home to the royal family. The Agricultural Landscape of southern Öland has been entered as a site of the UNESCO World heritage program. Features of this are the many windmills left standing and the special geologi ...

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Öland, Öland - County, Öland - History, Öland - Geography, Öland - City, Öland - Hundreds, Öland - Facts, Öland - Culture, Öland - Heraldry

Read more here: » Öland: Encyclopedia II - Öland - Culture

During the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal eclipsed most other nations in terms of economic, political, and cultural influence and it had an extensive empire throughout the world. July 25, 1415 marked the beginning of the Portuguese Empire, when the Portuguese Armada along with King John I and his sons Prince Duarte (future king), Prince Pedro, Prince Henry the Navigator and Prince Afonso, also with the mythical Portuguese hero Nuno Alvares Pereira departed to Ceuta in North Africa, a rich trade Islamic centre. On ...

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History of Portugal, History of Portugal - Portugal, History of Portugal - Early history, History of Portugal - Roman Lusitania, History of Portugal - Germanic kingdoms, History of Portugal - Moorish rule and the Reconquista, History of Portugal - Affirmation of Portugal, History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire, History of Portugal - Decline of the Empire, History of Portugal - Pombaline Era, History of Portugal - Crises of the Nineteenth Century, History of Portugal - The First Republic, History of Portugal - New State Estado Novo, History of Portugal - The Third Republic, History of Portugal - Timeline

Read more here: » History of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire

Portuguese literature - Prose. A new epoch in literature dates from the Revolution of 1383-1385. King John I wrote a book of the chase, his sons, King Duarte and D. Pedro, composed moral treatises, and an anonymous scribe told with charming naïveté the story of the heroic Nuno Alvares Pereira in the Chronica do Condestavel. The line of the chroniclers which is one of the boasts of Portuguese literature began with Fernão Lopes, who compiled the chronicles of the reigns of Kings Pedro I, Fernando, and Joh ...

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Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - The birth of a literary language, Portuguese literature - Verse, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Early sixteenth century, Portuguese literature - Pastoral Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - First classical phase: The Renaissance, Portuguese literature - Lyric and epic poetry, Portuguese literature - The classical plays, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Second Classical Phase: Baroque, Portuguese literature - Lyric Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Third Classical Phase: NeoClassicism, Portuguese literature - The Academies, Portuguese literature - The Arcadias, Portuguese literature - Brazilian Poetry, Portuguese literature - Prose, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - Romanticism and Realism, Portuguese literature - Poetry, Portuguese literature - Drama, Portuguese literature - The Novel, Portuguese literature - Other prose, Portuguese literature - Fine examples of Portuguese literature, Portuguese literature - Luís Vaz de Camões, Portuguese literature - Eça de Queirós, Portuguese literature - Fernando Pessoa

Read more here: » Portuguese literature: Encyclopedia II - Portuguese literature - Fifteenth century

Indigenous peoples in Brazil - First contacts. When the Portuguese discoverers arrived for the first time in Brazil, in April 1500 they found, to their astonishment, a widely inhabited coastland, teeming with hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of indigenous people living in a "paradise" of natural riches. Pero Vaz de Caminha, the official scribe of Pedro Alvares Cabral, the commander of the discovery fleet which landed in the present state of Bahia, wrote a letter to the King of Portugal describing in glowing terms the beauty of the land and of its in ...

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Indigenous peoples in Brazil, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Origins, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Siberian Ice Age hypothesis, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The American Aborigines hypothesis, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Archaeological remains, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Brazilian Indians at the time of discovery, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Tools, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Ceramics, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Economy, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Indians after the European colonization, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - First contacts, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Slavery and the Bandeiras, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Jesuits, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Indian wars, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Government protection, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Major ethnic groups

Read more here: » Indigenous peoples in Brazil: Encyclopedia II - Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Indians after the European colonization

Indigenous peoples in Brazil - First contacts. When the Portuguese discoverers arrived for the first time in Brazil, in April 1500 they found, to their astonishment, a widely inhabited coastland, teeming with hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of indigenous people living in a "paradise" of natural riches. Pero Vaz de Caminha, the official scribe of Pedro Alvares Cabral, the commander of the discovery fleet which landed in the present state of Bahia, wrote a letter to the King of Portugal describing in glowing terms the beauty of the land and of its in ...

See also:

Indigenous peoples in Brazil, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Origins, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Siberian Ice Age Hypothesis, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The American Aborigines hypothesis, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Archaeological remains, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Brazilian Indians at the time of discovery, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Tools, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Ceramics, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Economy, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Indians after the European colonization, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - First contacts, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Slavery and the Bandeiras, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Jesuits, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Indian wars, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Government protection, Indigenous peoples in Brazil - Major ethnic groups

Read more here: » Indigenous peoples in Brazil: Encyclopedia II - Indigenous peoples in Brazil - The Indians after the European colonization

Main article: List of Brazilian Explorers Cândido Rondon, famous explorer and engineer Orlando Villas Boas (1914-2003), explorer and indigenist Amyr Klink, adventurer and navigator, first solo rowing across the South Atlantic Sydney Possuelo, (b. 1940), explorer, social activist and Indian expert List of Brazilians - Foreigners who explored or discovered in Brazil. Pedro Alvares Cabral, discovered Brazil in 1500 (Portuguese) Francisco de ...

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List of Brazilians, List of Brazilians - Actors, List of Brazilians - Architects and urbanists, List of Brazilians - Artists, List of Brazilians - Diplomats, List of Brazilians - Film directors, List of Brazilians - Explorers and discoverers, List of Brazilians - Foreigners who explored or discovered in Brazil, List of Brazilians - Fashion Designers, List of Brazilians - Heroes and historical figures, List of Brazilians - Intellectuals and thinkers, List of Brazilians - Models, List of Brazilians - Female, List of Brazilians - Male, List of Brazilians - Monarchs, List of Brazilians - Music, List of Brazilians - Classic composers, List of Brazilians - Politicians, List of Brazilians - Religious leaders, List of Brazilians - Reporters and TV hosts, List of Brazilians - Sports, List of Brazilians - Writers and Poets, List of Brazilians - Science and technology, List of Brazilians - Foreign scientists and engineers who lived in Brazil, List of Brazilians - Others

Read more here: » List of Brazilians: Encyclopedia II - List of Brazilians - Explorers and discoverers