Alum, in chemistry, is a term given to the crystallized double sulfates of the typical formula M+2SO4·M3+2(SO4)3·24H2O, where M+ is the sign of an alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or caesium), and M3+ denotes one of the trivalent metals (typically aluminium, chromium, or iron (III)). The ammonium ion (NH4+) also occurs in the M+ position. These salts are employed in ...

Including:

• Alum - Alchemical and later discoveries and uses
• Alum - Pliny's writings
• Alum - Alum from alunite
• Alum - Alum from clays or bauxite
• Alum - Types of alum
• Alum - Soda alum
• Alum - Chrome alum
• Alum - Ammonium alum
• Alum - Alum solubility
• Alum - Uses

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Alum, Alum - Alchemical and later discoveries and uses, Alum - Pliny's writings, Alum - Alum from alunite, Alum - Alum from clays or bauxite, Alum - Types of alum, Alum - Potash alum, Alum - Soda alum, Alum - Chrome alum, Alum - Ammonium alum, Alum - Alum solubility, Alum - Uses

Read more here: » Alum: Encyclopedia II - Alum - Types of alum

The word "alumen," which we translate "alum," occurs in Pliny's Natural History. In the 15th chapter of his 35th book he gives a detailed description of it. By comparing this with the account of stupteria given by Dioscorides in the 123rd chapter of his 5th book, it is obvious that the two are identical. Pliny informs us that alumen was found naturally in the earth. He calls it salsugoterrae. Different substances were distinguished by the name of "alumen"; but they were all characterized by a certain degree of astringency, and ...

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Alum, Alum - Alchemical and later discoveries and uses, Alum - Pliny's writings, Alum - Alum from alunite, Alum - Alum from clays or bauxite, Alum - Types of alum, Alum - Potash alum, Alum - Soda alum, Alum - Chrome alum, Alum - Ammonium alum, Alum - Alum solubility, Alum - Uses

Read more here: » Alum: Encyclopedia II - Alum - Pliny's writings

An alumnus (masculine) or alumna (feminine) is a former student of a college, university, or school. Informal equivalents are alum and alumn (with a silent "n"). The term is often mistakenly thought of as synonymous with "graduate." Alumni/ae reunions are popular events at many institutions. They are usually organized by alumni associations and are often social occasions for fundraising. In Latin, alumnus is the masculine singular form and alumna the feminine singular form. (The words are deri ...

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Aluminium sulfate is a widely used industrial chemical. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as alum, as it is closely related to this group of compounds. It occurs naturally as the mineral alunogenite. It is frequently used in the purification of drinking water supplies, and also in paper manufacturing. Aluminium sulfate is rarely, if ever, encountered as the anhydrous salt. It forms a number of different hy ...

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• Aluminium sulfate - Preparation
• Aluminium sulfate - Uses
• Aluminium sulfate - Suppliers

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A Styptic or hemostatic pencil is a short stick of medication, usually containing alum or silver nitrate, which is used for staunching blood by causing blood vessels to contract at the site of the wound. Before safety razors were invented it was an essential part of a shaving kit and was used to seal cuts caused by improper shaving. Stypic pencils are also useful for stopping the flow of blood when trimming a cat or dog's claws. While effective at stopping blood loss, the sting of the medication as it takes effect has been said to be

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Alunite, or alumstone, is a mineral that was first observed in the 15th century at Tolfa, near Rome, where it was mined for the manufacture of alum. First called aluminilite by JC Delametherie in 1707, this name was contracted by FS Beudant in 1824 to alunite. Distinct crystals of alunite are rarely found in cavities in the massive material. Alunite crystallizes in the hexagonal system with crystals forming trigonal pyramids that resemble rhombohedra with interfacial angles of 90 50', so that they resemble cubes in appearance. ...

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A chine is a steep-sided river valley where the river flows through coastal cliffs to the sea. Typically these are soft eroding cliffs such as sandstone or clays. The word chine originates from the Saxon "Cinan" meaning a gap or yawn. The word is in use in central southern England; in Hampshire, Dorset and particularly the Isle of Wight. In Dorset, west of Bournemouth is found Branksome Chine and Alum Chine, and east towards Boscombe, Honeycombe Chine. There are nineteen chines on the Isle of Wight including the p ...

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In 1896, the Coptic Berlin Codex (aka. the Akhmim Codex), given the accession number 8502, (Berolinensis Gnosticus 8502) was unearthed in Akhmim, Egypt. It was a papyrus bound book (a codex), dating to the 5th century, found in the desert and taken to Berlin, where it was finally completely translated in the 1950s. Few people paid attention to it until the 1970s, when it suddenly became very interesting to a new generation of scholars of early Christianity in the wake of the more famous group of early Gnostic Christi ...

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• Berlin Codex - External link

Read more here: » Berlin Codex: Encyclopedia - Berlin Codex

Alizarin, or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone or mordant red, is the red dye originally derived from the root of the madder plant. In 1869, it became the first natural pigment to be duplicated synthetically. Its molecular structure is shown at right. Madder has been cultivated as a dyestuff since antiquity in central Asia and Egypt, where it was grown as early as 1500 BC. Cloth dyed with madder root pigment was found in the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun and in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Corinth. In the Middle Ag ...

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Crimson is a deep red color tinged with blue; however the name is also used for red colors in general. Traditionally, it is the color of blood. Etymology of the word "crimson" is from Sanskrit krmi-ja, a compound meaning "(red dye) produced by a worm", from krmih "worm" + -ja, "produced" (from Proto-Indo-European *gene-).[1] Crimson - Dyes. Alizarin crimson is a pigment that was first synthesized in 1868 by the German chemists Carl Gräbe and Carl Liebermann and re ...

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• Crimson - Dyes
• Crimson - Uses

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An astringent substance is a chemical substance that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application. Two common examples are calamine lotion and witch hazel. Astringent substances are also found in many fruits such as blackthorn, bird cherry and persimmon fruits, giving them their mouth-puckering qualities. Astringency is tasted as unpleasant by many mammals (including humans), which tend to avoid eating astringent fruit; conversely, birds do not taste astringency and readily eat ...

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Carmine, also called Cochineal, Natural Red 4, or C.I. 75470, is a pigment of a bright red color obtained from the carminic acid produced by the cochineal insect, and is used as a general term for a particularly deep red color. Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, watercolors, rouge, cosmetics, food additives and crimson ink, and in the painting of miniatures. Carmine as a food dye has been known to cause allergic reactions and Anaphylactic shock in some people. It is not an FDA require ...

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Adulterants are chemical impurities or substances that by law do not belong in a food, pesticide, or other substance. Some are added intentionally to lower the manufacturing cost of the product, or to modify its characteristics in a deceptive way. Usage of adulterants was very common and often was a penal offense. A few examples used through the history are: Mogdad coffee, whose seeds have been used as an adulterant for coffee Roasted chicory roots were used for the same purpose, starting during the Napole ...

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Tanning is the process of making leather from skin. This is commonly done with the acidic compound tannin, which prevents normal decomposition and often imparts color. Tanning - Modern Tanning. The process of dressing up animal skin/hide into leather consists of three stages. The first stage is the preparation for tanning. The second stage is the actual tanning and other chemical treatment. The third stage applies finishing to the surface. Preparing hides begins by curing them with salt. In wet-salti ...

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• Tanning - Modern Tanning
• Tanning - Ancient Methods of Tanning
• Tanning - Other use

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Deodorants are cosmetic substances applied to the body, most frequently the armpits, to reduce the body odor caused by perspiration. Human sweat itself is odorless. The odor of sweat is actually caused by bacteria thriving in hot, humid environments. This odor is negatively stigmatized in many cultures (see below), hence the desire to eliminate or suppress it. The underarm areas are breeding grounds for odor-causing bacteria, as the armpits are among the consistently warmest areas on the surface of the human body; the sweat glands provide water, and armpit hair contributes to perspirati ...

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• Deodorant - Adolescence
• Deodorant - Deodorants and culture

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The school has an outstanding academic reputation and consistently sends its graduates to America's most prestigious universities. Notable alums include Calvin Thigpen ('94) who was a Rhodes Scholar and Jennifer Fillingim ('95) who was a Rhodes Scholar State Finalist. Thigpen said that "as students at Jackson Academy, we have had teachers who have pushed us farther than we once thought we could go. They have inspired passions in us; they have taught us to think critically, and they have taught us to communicate clearly. They have done these ...

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Jackson Academy, Jackson Academy - Jackson Academy, Jackson Academy - Future, Jackson Academy - Alumni, Jackson Academy - JA Athletics, Jackson Academy - Football, Jackson Academy - Birth of a Football Dynasty, Jackson Academy - Hawkins Coaching Record At JA, Jackson Academy - JA Alums Playing College Football, Jackson Academy - JA Head Football Coaches, Jackson Academy - JA Athletics on the Radio, Jackson Academy - JA Band, Jackson Academy - Images

Read more here: » Jackson Academy: Encyclopedia II - Jackson Academy - Alumni

The present SUNY Upstate Medical University traces its ancestry to September 15, 1834, when Geneva Medical College was founded as a department of Geneva (now Hobart) College. The medical school was the brainchild of Edward Cutbush, M.D., who became its first dean. GMC held its first classes in February 1835, and graduated its first six physicians later that year. In 1849 it graduated Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman to earn a regular M.D.. Among the early luminaries at GMC were Prof. of Surgery Frank Hastings Hamilton, pioneer in ...

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Upstate Medical University, Upstate Medical University - History, Upstate Medical University - Notable Alums and Professors, Upstate Medical University - External link

Read more here: » Upstate Medical University: Encyclopedia II - Upstate Medical University - History

Alum

• Alum seen in a dream, portends frustration of well laid plans. To taste alum, denotes secret remorse over some evil work by you upon some innocent person.
• For a woman to dream of quantities of alum, foretells disappointment in her marriage and loss of affection.

Source: 10 000 Dream Interpretations, by Gustavus Hindman Miller

(See also: Dream Archives, Meaning of Dreams, Dream Interpretation, Dream Dictionary, Dream Dictionary - Alum, Dreams - Meaning of Dream about Alum, Dream Interpretation Alum)

Jackson Academy also excels in athletics. The football team has won three consecutive state championships, and Jackson Academy regularly wins or contends for championships in boys basketball, girls basketball, tennis, track, and baseball. Major rivals include Jackson Prep, Hillcrest Christian School, and MRA. Former high school boys basketball coach Stan Jones, who led JA to overall championships in 1994 and 1995, is now an assistant basketball coach at Florida State University. He has also coached at The University of Miami and the Washington Wizards. < ...

See also:

Jackson Academy, Jackson Academy - Jackson Academy, Jackson Academy - Future, Jackson Academy - Alumni, Jackson Academy - JA Athletics, Jackson Academy - Football, Jackson Academy - Birth of a Football Dynasty, Jackson Academy - Hawkins Coaching Record At JA, Jackson Academy - JA Alums Playing College Football, Jackson Academy - JA Head Football Coaches, Jackson Academy - JA Athletics on the Radio, Jackson Academy - JA Band, Jackson Academy - Images

Read more here: » Jackson Academy: Encyclopedia II - Jackson Academy - JA Athletics