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Alternative medicine - Safety | A Wisdom Archive on Alternative medicine - Safety | | Alternative medicine - Safety A selection of articles related to Alternative medicine - Safety | |
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Alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - A misleading term?, Alternative medicine - Complementary and alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Contemporary use of alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Criticism of alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Danger reduced when used as a complement to conventional medicine, Alternative medicine - Definitions, Alternative medicine - Efficacy, Alternative medicine - Medical education, Alternative medicine - Regulation, Alternative medicine - Safety, Alternative medicine - Support for alternative medicine, Famous people in alternative medicine, History of alternative medicine, Terms and concepts in alternative medicine
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Alternative medicine - Safety | |
| | |  Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Alternative medicine - Definitions
Alternative medicine broadly describes methods and practices used in place of, or in addition to, conventional medical treatments. The precise scope of alternative medicine is a matter of some debate and depends to a great extent on the definition of "conventional medicine."
The debate on alternative medicine is complicated further by the diversity of treatments that are categorized as "alternative." These include practices that incorporate spiritual, metaphysical, or religious underpinnings; non-European medical traditions; newly developed approaches to healing; and a number of others. Proponents of ...
See also:Alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Definitions, Alternative medicine - A misleading term?, Alternative medicine - Complementary and alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Regulation, Alternative medicine - Contemporary use of alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Medical education, Alternative medicine - Support for alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Efficacy, Alternative medicine - Danger reduced when used as a complement to conventional medicine, Alternative medicine - Criticism of alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Efficacy, Alternative medicine - Safety Read more here: » Alternative medicine: Encyclopedia II - Alternative medicine - Definitions |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Alternative medicine - Complementary and alternative medicine The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine defines complementary and alternative medicine as "a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be part of conventional medicine". One distinction that the NCCAM makes is that complementary medicine is used in conjunction with conventional medicine whereas alternative medicine is used in place of conventional medicine. The NCCAM also defines integrative medicine as the combination of "mainstream medical therapies and CAM therapies for whi ...
See also:Alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Complementary and alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Regulation, Alternative medicine - Contemporary use of alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Medical education, Alternative medicine - Support for alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Efficacy, Alternative medicine - Danger reduced when used as a complement to conventional medicine, Alternative medicine - Criticism of alternative medicine, Alternative medicine - Efficacy, Alternative medicine - Safety Read more here: » Alternative medicine: Encyclopedia II - Alternative medicine - Complementary and alternative medicine |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Bates Method - Eye exercises In recent years, the growing interest in alternative medicine has led to an increase in the popularity of the Bates Method and other methods claim success via visual training through eye exercises. One particularly controversial area is the efficacy of eye exercises in the treatment of myopia (near-sightedness) and whether the use of eyeglasses makes myopia progressively worse.
Several points-of-view exist about the use of eye exercises to treat vision problems:
Traditional mainstream ophthalmologists and optometrists use ...
See also:Bates Method, Bates Method - Techniques, Bates Method - Eye exercises, Bates Method - The Bates Method, Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing, Bates Method - Theory regarding the pathogenesis of refractive errors, Bates Method - Efficacy, Bates Method - Safety, Bates Method - Criticisms of the Bates Method, Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing, Bates Method - Theory regarding the pathogenesis of refractive errors, Bates Method - Efficacy, Bates Method - Safety Read more here: » Bates Method: Encyclopedia II - Bates Method - Eye exercises |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Regulation
Animal testing - United States.
In the United States, animal testing is primarily regulated by the 1985 Animal Welfare Act, which is enforced by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It contains provisions to ensure animals used in research receive humane care and treatment. [16] However mice, rats and birds are exempt, meaning over 95% of research animals in the USA are not covered by this legislation. [17] However, the Act does require each institu ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Regulation |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Species used Rats and mice are used in large proportion because they are small, cheap, easy to handle and care for, and can produce up to 100 babies in a year. Albino rabbits are used in eye irritancy tests because they have less tear flow than other animals. Beagles and non-human primates are used in toxicity tests, surgery, dental experiments, and brain research. Most of the NHPs used are baboons, macaques, marmosets, and chimpanzees. The use of great apes, also known as Hominidae — humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and orang utans — is prohibited in ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Species used |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Number of animals used Accurate global figures for animal testing are difficult to collect. The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) estimates that 100 million animals are experimented on around the world every year, 10–11 million of them in the European Union [35] (pdf) and 1,101,958 in the United States in 2004 [36] (pdf p.3). The Nuffield Council on Bioethics reports that "[e]stimates of the total number of animals used annually in research around the world are difficult to obtain and range from between 50 to 100 million animals" [37] (pdf). Animals bred for research then killed as surplus, or use ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Number of animals used |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Types of experiment There are a range of scientific uses of animals, which can be split into three broad and at times overlapping categories. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics, in its The ethics of research involving animals - a guide to the report (accessible from here [48]) has categorised them according to the subheadings below.
Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge.
‘Basic research’ increases scientific knowledge about the way animals and humans behave, or develop and function biologically. It is not ne ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Types of experiment |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Controversy
Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing.
Testing advocates argue that:
It would be unethical to test substances or drug with potentially adverse side-effects on human beings. [56]
Controlled experiments involve introducing only one variable at a time, which is why animals are experimented on while confined inside a laboratory. Human beings could not be confined in this way. [57]
There is no substitute for the living systems necessary to study interaction among cells, tissue, an ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Controversy |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Allegations of abuse Undercover investigations by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have documented and filmed what appear to be examples of animal abuse in laboratories.
Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences.
PETA filmed staff inside a British laboratory owned by Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), Europe's largest animal-testing facility, punching puppies in the face, screaming at them, and simulating sex acts while taking blood samples. [65] (vid ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Allegations of abuse |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals Cosmetics testing is particularly controversial. It is banned in the Netherlands, Belgium, and the UK [78] (pdf), and in 2002, after 13 years of negotiations, the European Union agreed to ban cosmetic testing on animals in 2009, with a ban on products still tested on animals being introduced by 2014. News reports say France is the main reason behind the delays, with the French cosmetics industry allegedly exerting pressure on the government. [79]
Cosmetic testing on animals includes:
testing a finished product such as lip ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Most scientists and governments say they agree that animal testing should cause as little suffering to animals as possible, and that animal tests should only be performed where necessary. The "three Rs" [83] are guiding principles for the use of animals in research in many countries:
Reduction refers to methods which enable researchers to obtain comparable levels of information from fewer animals, or to obtain more information from the same number of animals.
Replacement refers to the use of non-animal met ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Traditional Chinese medicine - Uses In the West, TCM is often considered alternative medicine; however, in mainland China and Taiwan, TCM is widely considered to be an integral part of the health care system. The term TCM is sometimes used specifically within the field of Chinese medicine to refer to the standardized set of theories and practices introduced in the mid-20th century under the government of Mao, as distinguished from related traditional theories and practices preserved by people in Taiwan, Hong Kong and by the overseas Chin ...
See also:Traditional Chinese medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine - Uses, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM theory, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM diagnostics, Traditional Chinese medicine - Diagnostic techniques, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM treatment techniques, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and science, Traditional Chinese medicine - The question of efficaciousness, Traditional Chinese medicine - Purported mechanism of action, Traditional Chinese medicine - Safety of Chinese medicines, Traditional Chinese medicine - The relationship between TCM and Western medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and Animals Read more here: » Traditional Chinese medicine: Encyclopedia II - Traditional Chinese medicine - Uses |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and Animals As animal products are used in Chinese formulas, vegans and vegetarians should inform their practitioner, if their beliefs forbid the ingestion of animals. Often alternative substances can be used.
The use of endangered species is controversial within TCM. In particular, the belief that tiger penis and rhinoceros horn are aphrodisiacs has been blamed for depleting these species in the wild.
The animal rights movement notes that a few traditional Chinese medicinal solutions use bear bile. To extract maximum amounts of the bile, ...
See also:Traditional Chinese medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine - Uses, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM theory, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM diagnostics, Traditional Chinese medicine - Diagnostic techniques, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM treatment techniques, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and science, Traditional Chinese medicine - The question of efficaciousness, Traditional Chinese medicine - Purported mechanism of action, Traditional Chinese medicine - Safety of Chinese medicines, Traditional Chinese medicine - The relationship between TCM and Western medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and Animals Read more here: » Traditional Chinese medicine: Encyclopedia II - Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and Animals |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Bates Method - The Bates Method
Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing.
Accommodation is the process by which the eye changes focus between objects that are far and objects that are near. Bates maintained that the eye focuses, not by the action of the ciliary muscles on the crystalline lens, but by varying elongation of the eyeball caused by the extraocular muscles.
Bates Method - Theory regard ...
See also:Bates Method, Bates Method - Techniques, Bates Method - Eye exercises, Bates Method - The Bates Method, Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing, Bates Method - Theory regarding the pathogenesis of refractive errors, Bates Method - Efficacy, Bates Method - Safety, Bates Method - Criticisms of the Bates Method, Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing, Bates Method - Theory regarding the pathogenesis of refractive errors, Bates Method - Efficacy, Bates Method - Safety Read more here: » Bates Method: Encyclopedia II - Bates Method - The Bates Method |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Bates Method - Criticisms of the Bates Method
Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing.
Critics of the Bates Method reject the theory that human eyes accommodate, or focus, due to elongation of the eyeball caused by “squeezing” of the extraocular muscles, as has been claimed to happen in some animals. Critics of the Bates Method instead support the mainstream theory set forth by Hermann von Helmholtz that human eyes accommodate, or focus, due to the actions of the ciliary muscle (an intraocular muscle) and zonules changing the shape of the crystal ...
See also:Bates Method, Bates Method - Techniques, Bates Method - Eye exercises, Bates Method - The Bates Method, Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing, Bates Method - Theory regarding the pathogenesis of refractive errors, Bates Method - Efficacy, Bates Method - Safety, Bates Method - Criticisms of the Bates Method, Bates Method - Theory of accommodation/focusing, Bates Method - Theory regarding the pathogenesis of refractive errors, Bates Method - Efficacy, Bates Method - Safety Read more here: » Bates Method: Encyclopedia II - Bates Method - Criticisms of the Bates Method |
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| | | | Alternative medicine - Safety: Encyclopedia II - Aloe - Uses Human use of Aloes is primarily as an herbal in alternative medicines and "home first aid". Both the translucent inner pulp as well as the resinous yellow exudate from wounding the Aloe plant is used externally to relieve skin discomforts and internally as purgatives. To date, research has show in certain cases that Aloes produce positive medicinal benefits for healing damaged skin, however there is still much debate regarding the effectiveness and safety for using Aloes ...
See also:Aloe, Aloe - Uses, Aloe - External uses, Aloe - Internal uses, Aloe - Compounds in Aloes, Aloe - Chemical properties of Aloin, Aloe - Medicinal use of Aloin, Aloe - Lign-aloes and Agarwood, Aloe - Species Read more here: » Aloe: Encyclopedia II - Aloe - Uses |
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