Definition and meaning of alternation of generations:

alternation of generations - a life cycle in which a multicellular diploid stage is followed by a haploid stage, and so on; found in land plants and many algae and fungi

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

See also:

Alternation of generations, Alternation of generations - Fungi, Alternation of generations - Protists, Alternation of generations - Plants, Alternation of generations - Non-vascular plants, Alternation of generations - Vascular plants

Read more here: » Alternation of generations: Encyclopedia II - Alternation of generations - Protists

Video game List of cycles - Music and rhythm cycles. Interval cycle - Physics of music - Rhythm - Song cycle ...

See also:

List of cycles, List of cycles - Measuring physical cycles, List of cycles - General listing of waves, List of cycles - Mathematics of waves and cycles, List of cycles - Time and calendar cycles, List of cycles - Astronomical cycles, List of cycles - Geological cycles, List of cycles - Climate and weather cycles, List of cycles - Biological and medical cycles, List of cycles - Agricultural cycles, List of cycles - Brain waves and cycles, List of cycles - Physics cycles, List of cycles - Electromagnetic spectrum, List of cycles - Sound waves, List of cycles - Psychological cycles, List of cycles - Economic and business cycles, List of cycles - Social and political cycles, List of cycles - Art and recreational cycles, List of cycles - Music and rhythm cycles, List of cycles - Religious mythological and spiritual cycles, List of cycles - Cycles of War

Read more here: » List of cycles: Encyclopedia II - List of cycles - Art and recreational cycles

This is a sitemap for Oceanography - A . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The sitemap(s) covers over 5.184 different Oceanography terms.

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Oceanography, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Read more here: » Oceanography Sitemap I - A

A life cycle is a period involving one generation of an organism, whether through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction. In regard to its ploidy, there are three types of cycles: haplontic life cycle diplontic life cycle diplobiontic life cycle (also referred to as diplohaplontic, haplodiplontic, or dibiontic life cycle) These three types of cycles feature alternating haploid and diploid phases (n and 2n). Th ...

Including:

Biological life cycle - Haplontic life cycle Biological life cycle - Diplontic life cycle Biological life cycle - Diplobiontic life cycle

Read more here: » Biological life cycle: Encyclopedia - Biological life cycle

The vascular plants are plants in the Kingdom Plantae (also called Viridiplantae) that have specialized tissues for conducting water. Vascular plants include the ferns, clubmosses, horsetails, flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. Scientific names are Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta, but neither is very widely used. Nonvascular plants include both earlier-derived lineages in Plantae (mosses, hornworts, and liverworts) and members of other kingdoms (the various algae). The vascular plants are set apart i ...

Read more here: » Vascular plant: Encyclopedia - Vascular plant

The algae (singular alga) consist of several different groups of living organisms that capture light energy through photosynthesis, converting inorganic substances into simple sugars with the captured energy. Algae have been traditionally regarded as simple plants, and some are closely related to the higher plants. Others appear to represent different protist groups, alongside other organisms that are traditionally considered more animal-like (protoz ...

Including:

Algae - Relationships among algal groups
Algae - Prokaryotic algae Algae - Eukaryotic algae
Algae - Forms of algae Algae - Algae and symbioses Algae - Uses of algae Algae - Algal cultivation Algae - Biodiesel production from algae Algae - Harvesting algae Algae - Nutritional value of algae Algae - Extracting oil from algae Algae - See Also

Read more here: » Algae: Encyclopedia - Algae

In biology, meiosis is the process that transforms one diploid cell into four haploid cells in eukaryotes in order to redistribute the diploid's cell's genome. Meiosis forms the basis of sexual reproduction and can only occur in eukaryotes. In meiosis, the diploid cell's genome, which is composed of ordered structures of coiled DNA called chromosomes, is replicated once and split twice, producing four sets of haploid cells each containing half of the original cell's chromosomes. These resultant haploid cells will fertilize with ...

Including:

Meiosis - Occurrence of meiosis in eukaryotic life cycles Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis Meiosis - Process
Meiosis - Meiosis I Meiosis - Meiosis II
Meiosis - Significance of meiosis
Meiosis - Nondisjunction
Meiosis - Meiosis in humans

Read more here: » Meiosis: Encyclopedia - Meiosis

Ferns first appear in the fossil record in the early-Carboniferous epoch. By the Triassic, the first evidence of ferns related to several modern families appeared. The "great fern radiation" occurred in the late-Cretaceous, when many modern families of ferns first appeared. Ferns have traditionally been grouped in the Class Filices, but modern classifications assign them their own division in the plant kingdom, called Pteridophyta. Two related groups of plants, commonly known as ferns, are actually more distantly related to the ...

See also:

Fern, Fern - Fern structure, Fern - Evolution and classification, Fern - Economic uses, Fern - Misunderstood names

Read more here: » Fern: Encyclopedia II - Fern - Evolution and classification

A zygotic meiosis is a meiosis of a zygote immediately after karyogamy, which is the fusion of two cell nuclei. This way, the organism ends its diploid phase and produces several haploid cells. These cells divide mitotically to form either larger, multicellular individuals, or more haploid cells. Two opposite types of gametes (e.g., male and female) from these individuals or cells fuse to become a zygote. In the whole cycle, zygotes are th ...

See also:

Biological life cycle, Biological life cycle - Haplontic life cycle, Biological life cycle - Diplontic life cycle, Biological life cycle - Diplobiontic life cycle

Read more here: » Biological life cycle: Encyclopedia II - Biological life cycle - Haplontic life cycle

Haploid (meaning simple in Greek) cells bear one copy of each chromosome. Most fungi, and a few algae exist as haploid organisms, male bees, wasps and ants are also haploid. For organisms that only ever have one set of chromosomes, the term monoploid can be used interchangeably with haploid. Plants and other algae switch between a haploid and a diploid or polyploid state, with one of the stages emphasized over the other. This is called alternation of generations. Most diploid organisms produce haploid sex c ...

See also:

Ploidy, Ploidy - Haploid, Ploidy - Diploid, Ploidy - Haplodiploidy, Ploidy - Haploidisation, Ploidy - Aneuploidy, Ploidy - Polyploidy, Ploidy - Variable or Indefinite Ploidy

Read more here: » Ploidy: Encyclopedia II - Ploidy - Haploid

Algae - Prokaryotic algae. Traditionally the cyanobacteria have been included among the algae, referred to as the cyanophytes or Blue-green Algae, though some recent treatises on algae specifically exclude them. Cyanobacteria are some of the oldest organisms to appear in the fossil record, dating back about 3.8 billion years (Precambrian). Ancient cyanobacteria lik ...

See also:

Algae, Algae - Relationships among algal groups, Algae - Prokaryotic algae, Algae - Eukaryotic algae, Algae - Forms of algae, Algae - Algae and symbioses, Algae - See Also

Read more here: » Algae: Encyclopedia II - Algae - Relationships among algal groups

The reproduction of the gall wasp is partly pure two-sex propagation, partly pure parthenogenesis, in which a male is completely unnecessary. With most species, however, there is an alternation of generations with one two-sex generation and one parthenogenic generation annually. This process differentiates the various generations primarily in their appearance and the form of the plant galls they induce. The larvae of most gall wasps develop in characteristic plant galls they induce themselves, however many species are also inquilines of oth ...

See also:

Gall wasp, Gall wasp - Features, Gall wasp - Reproduction and Development, Gall wasp - Types, Gall wasp - Additional Information, Gall wasp - Literature

Read more here: » Gall wasp: Encyclopedia II - Gall wasp - Reproduction and Development

Because meiosis is a "one-way" process, it cannot be said to engage in a cell cycle that mitosis does. However, the preparatory steps that lead up to meiosis are identical in pattern and name to the interphase of the mitotic cell cycle. Interphase is divided into three phases: Growth 1 (G1) phase: Characterized by increasing cell size from accelerated manufacture of organelles, proteins, and other cellular matter. Synthesis (S) phase: The genetic material is replicated. Growth 2 (G2) phase: ...

See also:

Meiosis, Meiosis - Occurrence of meiosis in eukaryotic life cycles, Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis, Meiosis - Process, Meiosis - Meiosis I, Meiosis - Meiosis II, Meiosis - Significance of meiosis, Meiosis - Nondisjunction, Meiosis - Meiosis in humans

Read more here: » Meiosis: Encyclopedia II - Meiosis - Process

Because meiosis is a "one-way" process, it cannot be said to engage in a cell cycle that mitosis does. However, the preparatory steps that lead up to meiosis are identical in pattern and name to the interphase of the mitotic cell cycle. Interphase is divided into three phases: Growth 1 (G1) phase: Characterized by increasing cell size from accelerated manufacture of organelles, proteins, and other cellular matter. Synthesis (S) phase: The genetic material is replicated. Growth 2 (G2) phase: ...

See also:

Meiosis, Meiosis - History, Meiosis - Occurrence of meiosis in eukaryotic life cycles, Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis, Meiosis - Process, Meiosis - Meiosis I, Meiosis - Meiosis II, Meiosis - Significance of meiosis, Meiosis - Nondisjunction, Meiosis - Meiosis in humans

Read more here: » Meiosis: Encyclopedia II - Meiosis - Process

In 1838, Charles Wilkes set out on an explorative mission commissioned by Congress to circumnavigate the globe. During this trip, Wilkes collected live and dried specimens of plants, being one of the first such expeditions to make use of wardian cases to maintain live plants on a long voyage. The expedition returned in 1842 with a massive collection of plants previously unknown in the United States. The dried specimens comprised the core of what is now the National Herbarium, which is curated by the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural H ...

See also:

United States Botanic Garden, United States Botanic Garden - Governance, United States Botanic Garden - History, United States Botanic Garden - Physical Plant, United States Botanic Garden - The Conservatory, United States Botanic Garden - Bartholdi Park, United States Botanic Garden - Production Facility, United States Botanic Garden - Collections, United States Botanic Garden - Wilkes Plants

Read more here: » United States Botanic Garden: Encyclopedia II - United States Botanic Garden - History

Like the sporophytes of seed plants, those of ferns consist of: Stems: Most often an underground creeping rhizome, but sometimes an above-ground creeping stolon (e.g., Polypodiaceae), or an above-ground erect semi-woody trunk (e.g., Cyatheaceae) reaching up to 20 m in a few species (e.g., Cyathea brownii on Norfolk Island and Cyathea medullaris in New Zealand). Leaf: The green, photosynthetic part of the plant. In ferns, it is often referred to as a frond, but this is because of the historical division bet ...

See also:

Fern, Fern - Fern structure, Fern - Evolution and classification, Fern - Economic uses, Fern - Misunderstood names

Read more here: » Fern: Encyclopedia II - Fern - Fern structure

Algae frequently form part of a symbiosis with other organisms. In these symbioses, the algae photosynthesise and supply photosynthates to their host. The host organism is then capable of deriving some or all of its energy requirements from the alga. Examples include: lichens - a fungus is the host, usually with a green alga or a cyanobacterium as the symbiont. Both fungi and algae found in lichens are capable of living independently. corals - several algae form symbioses (zooxanthellae) with corals. Notab ...

See also:

Algae, Algae - Relationships among algal groups, Algae - Prokaryotic algae, Algae - Eukaryotic algae, Algae - Forms of algae, Algae - Algae and symbioses, Algae - Uses of algae, Algae - Algal cultivation, Algae - Biodiesel production from algae, Algae - Harvesting algae, Algae - Nutritional value of algae, Algae - Extracting oil from algae, Algae - See Also

Read more here: » Algae: Encyclopedia II - Algae - Algae and symbioses

A diploid cell contains a full set of chromosome pairs, each pair containing one chromosome from each parent. These chromosome pairs are called homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes need not be genetically identical. For example, one particular locus (location) on one of the father's chromosomes may code for green eyes, while the same locus on the mother's chromosome may code for brown eyes. This genetic var ...

See also:

Meiosis, Meiosis - History, Meiosis - Occurrence of meiosis in eukaryotic life cycles, Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis, Meiosis - Process, Meiosis - Meiosis I, Meiosis - Meiosis II, Meiosis - Significance of meiosis, Meiosis - Nondisjunction, Meiosis - Meiosis in humans

Read more here: » Meiosis: Encyclopedia II - Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis

The normal separation of chromosomes in Meiosis I or sister chromatids in meiosis II is termed disjunction. When the separation is not normal, it is called nondisjunction. This results in the production of gametes which have either more or less of the usual amount of genetic material, and is a common mechanism for trisomy or monosomy. Nondisjunction can occur in the meiosis I or meiosis II phases of ...

See also:

Meiosis, Meiosis - History, Meiosis - Occurrence of meiosis in eukaryotic life cycles, Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis, Meiosis - Process, Meiosis - Meiosis I, Meiosis - Meiosis II, Meiosis - Significance of meiosis, Meiosis - Nondisjunction, Meiosis - Meiosis in humans

Read more here: » Meiosis: Encyclopedia II - Meiosis - Nondisjunction