Altaic languages

An agglutinative language is a language in which the words are formed by joining morphemes together. This term was introduced by Wilhelm von Humboldt in 1836 to classify languages from a morphological point of view. It was derived from the Latin verb agglutinare, which means "to glue together." An agglutinative language is a form of synthetic language where each affix typically represents one unit of meaning (such as "diminutive", "past tense", "plural", etc.), and bound morphemes are expressed by affixes (and not by int ...

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• Agglutinative language - Examples of agglutinative languages

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The Ural-Altaic language family was a grouping of languages which was once widely accepted by linguists, but has since been generally rejected[citation needed]. It comprises of the Altaic languages (Turkish, Mongolian, Kazakh, Uzbek, Tatar, Manchu, and its derivatives, plus perhaps Korean and Japanese), and the Uralic languages (Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, and its derivatives. The theory of a Uralo-Altaic group has now been widely disapproved by historical linguists as a misnomer. Even the existence of the A ...

Read more here: » Ural-Altaic languages: Encyclopedia - Ural-Altaic languages

Vowel harmony often involves dimensions such as Vowel height   (i.e. high, mid, or low vowels) Vowel backness   (i.e. front, central, or back vowels) Vowel roundedness   (i.e. rounded or unrounded) tongue root position (i.e. advanced or retracted tongue root, abbrev.: ±ATR) Nasalization   (i.e. oral or nasal) (in this case, a nasal consonant is usually the trigger) In many languages, vowels can be said to belong to particular classes, such as back vowe ...

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Vowel harmony, Vowel harmony - Explanation, Vowel harmony - Features of vowel harmony, Vowel harmony - Vowel harmony & umlaut terminology, Vowel harmony - Vowel harmony archiphonemes and underspecification, Vowel harmony - Examples in selected languages, Vowel harmony - Uralic languages, Vowel harmony - Altaic languages, Vowel harmony - Yokuts, Vowel harmony - Korean, Vowel harmony - Japanese, Vowel harmony - Other languages, Vowel harmony - Other types of harmony, Vowel harmony - Vowel-consonant harmony, Vowel harmony - Links, Vowel harmony - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vowel harmony: Encyclopedia II - Vowel harmony - Features of vowel harmony

The term vowel harmony is used in two different senses, explained below. In the first sense, vowel harmony refers to any type of vowel harmony: that is, both progressive and regressive vowel harmony. When used in this sense, the term vowel harmony is synonymous with the term metaphony. In the second sense, vowel harmony refers only to progressive vowel harmony (beginning-to-end). For regressive harmony, the term umlaut is used. In this sense, metaphony ...

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Vowel harmony, Vowel harmony - Explanation, Vowel harmony - Features of vowel harmony, Vowel harmony - Vowel harmony & umlaut terminology, Vowel harmony - Vowel harmony archiphonemes and underspecification, Vowel harmony - Examples in selected languages, Vowel harmony - Uralic languages, Vowel harmony - Altaic languages, Vowel harmony - Yokuts, Vowel harmony - Korean, Vowel harmony - Japanese, Vowel harmony - Other languages, Vowel harmony - Other types of harmony, Vowel harmony - Vowel-consonant harmony, Vowel harmony - Links, Vowel harmony - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vowel harmony: Encyclopedia II - Vowel harmony - Vowel harmony & umlaut terminology

Although vowel harmony is the most well-known harmony, not all types of harmony that occur in the world's languages involve only vowels. Other types of harmony involve consonants (and is known as consonant harmony). Rarer types of harmony are those that involve or tone or both vowels and consonants (e.g. postvelar harmony). Vowel harmony - Vowel-consonant harmony. Some languages have harmony processes that involve an interaction between vowels and consonants. For example, Chilcotin has a phonological process known as vowel flattening (i.e. post-velar harmony) where vowels m ...

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Vowel harmony, Vowel harmony - Explanation, Vowel harmony - Features of vowel harmony, Vowel harmony - Vowel harmony & umlaut terminology, Vowel harmony - Vowel harmony archiphonemes and underspecification, Vowel harmony - Examples in selected languages, Vowel harmony - Uralic languages, Vowel harmony - Altaic languages, Vowel harmony - Yokuts, Vowel harmony - Korean, Vowel harmony - Japanese, Vowel harmony - Other languages, Vowel harmony - Other types of harmony, Vowel harmony - Vowel-consonant harmony, Vowel harmony - Links, Vowel harmony - Bibliography

Read more here: » Vowel harmony: Encyclopedia II - Vowel harmony - Other types of harmony

The Altaic peoples are the peoples who speak Altaic languages. The existence of the Altaic language family as a genetically related group is controversial, and that of Altaic peoples even more so. Altaic people - Ethno-cultural subdivisions. The following subgroups of the Altaic peoples are classified by language family: Turkics (about 150 million speakers: Central Asia, North Asia, Asia Minor, and the south Caucasus) Mongols (about 5.7 million speakers: Central Asia), North Asia, and the north Caucasus). Tungus (abou ...

Including:

• Altaic people - Ethno-cultural subdivisions

Read more here: » Altaic people: Encyclopedia - Altaic people

The Uralic languages form a language family of about 30 languages spoken by approximately 20 million people. The name of the language family refers to the location of the family’s suggested Urheimat (homeland), which is often placed close to the Ural mountains. Countries that are home to a significant number of speakers of Uralic languages include: Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Romania, Russia, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and Sweden. The healthiest Uralic languages, in terms of the number of native speakers and national ...

Including:

• Uralic languages - Family Tree
• Uralic languages - Classification of Languages
• Uralic languages - Typology
• Uralic languages - Selected cognates
• Uralic languages - Bibliography

Read more here: » Uralic languages: Encyclopedia - Uralic languages

Japanese rule of Korea ended after World War II in 1945. Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union north of the 38th Parallel and by the United States south of the 38th parallel, but the United States and the Soviet Union were unable to agree on implementation of Joint Trusteeship over Korea. This led in 1948 to the establishment of separate governments in the north and south, each claiming to be the legitimate government over all of Korea. Growing tensions between the governments in the north and south eventually led to the Korean War, ...

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North Korea, North Korea - History, North Korea - Politics, North Korea - Administrative divisions, North Korea - Directly-governed cities, North Korea - Special regions, North Korea - Provinces, North Korea - Major cities, North Korea - Geography, North Korea - Economy, North Korea - Human rights, North Korea - Demographics, North Korea - Religion, North Korea - Culture, North Korea - Tourism, North Korea - Miscellaneous topics

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Korean language - Consonants. Example words for consonants: The IPA symbol <͈> (a subscript double straight quotation mark) is used to denote the tensed consonants /p͈, t͈, k͈, t͈s͈, s͈/. Its official use in the Extended IPA is for 'strong' articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice. The Korean consonants also have elements of stiff voice, but it is not yet known ho ...

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Korean language, Korean language - Names, Korean language - Classification and related languages, Korean language - Geographic distribution, Korean language - Dialects, Korean language - Sounds, Korean language - Consonants, Korean language - Vowels, Korean language - Monophthongs, Korean language - Diphthongs and glides, Korean language - Phonology, Korean language - Phonological constraints, Korean language - Vowel harmony, Korean language - Grammar, Korean language - Speech levels and honorifics, Korean language - Honorifics, Korean language - Speech levels, Korean language - Vocabulary, Korean language - Writing system, Korean language - Differences in the language between North Korea and South Korea, Korean language - Pronunciation, Korean language - Spelling, Korean language - Spelling and pronunciation, Korean language - Grammar, Korean language - Vocabulary, Korean language - Others

Read more here: » Korean language: Encyclopedia II - Korean language - Sounds

The various subgroups of the Indo-European family include (in historical order of their first attestation): Anatolian languages — earliest attested branch, from the 18th century BC; extinct, most notable was the language of the Hittites. Indo-Iranian languages, descending from a common ancestor, Proto-Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan, including Sanskrit, attested from the 2nd millennium BC Iranian languages, attested from roughly 1000 BC, including Avestan and Persian. Greek language — ...

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Indo-European languages, Indo-European languages - Classification, Indo-European languages - Satem and Centum languages, Indo-European languages - Suggested superfamilies, Indo-European languages - History, Indo-European languages - Kurgan hypothesis, Indo-European languages - Competing hypotheses, Indo-European languages - Sound changes

Read more here: » Indo-European languages: Encyclopedia II - Indo-European languages - Classification

Henry Rawlinson (1810-1895) deciphered the cuneiform writing of Mesopotamia, and helped prepare The Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia (5 vol., 1861–84) for the British Museum. These oversize volumes of cuneiform tablet transcriptions were the primary source of texts for cuneiformists, e.g., Father Johann Strassmaier who compiled an Alphabetisches Verzeichnis (= "cuneiform syllabary") in the 1880s, but Rawlinson's volumes contain little Sumerian because they mainly reproduce t ...

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Sumerian language, Sumerian language - Chronology, Sumerian language - Decipherment, Sumerian language - Classification, Sumerian language - Grammar, Sumerian language - A complete Sumerian sentence, Sumerian language - Noun, Sumerian language - Verb, Sumerian language - Bibliography

Read more here: » Sumerian language: Encyclopedia II - Sumerian language - Decipherment

The traditional classification of the Uralic languages is as follows. Obsolete names are displayed in italics. Samoyedic Northern Samoyedic Enets (Yenets, Yenisei-Samoyed) — Nearly extinct Nenets (Yurak) Nganasan (Tavgy, Tavgi, Tawgi, Tawgi-Samoyed) Yurats Southern Samoyedic Kamassian (Kamas) — Extinct (20th century) Mator (Motor) — Extinct (19th cen ...

See also:

Uralic languages, Uralic languages - Family Tree, Uralic languages - Classification of Languages, Uralic languages - Typology, Uralic languages - Selected cognates, Uralic languages - Bibliography

Read more here: » Uralic languages: Encyclopedia II - Uralic languages - Classification of Languages