Alprazolam Anxiety Panic attacks Abuse: Benzodiazepines are widely used for non-medical (i.e., recreational) purposes, and have occasionally been used as "date-rape" drugs Myasthenia gravis Sensitivity to benzodiazepines Acute angle closure glaucoma History of drug dependance or abuse (increased likelihood of dependence) Severe: jaundice (rare) A ...

Including:

• Alprazolam - Indications
• Alprazolam - Narcotic regulations
• Alprazolam - Mechanism of action
• Alprazolam - Pharmacokinetics
• Alprazolam - Recreational use

Read more here: » Alprazolam: Encyclopedia - Alprazolam

The main medical indications are as follows: 1. Treatment of panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia). Alprazolam is very effective in preventing panic attacks. However, despite its efficacy, many psychiatrists are reluctant to use alprazolam for this condition because of the possibility of dependence and interdose anxiety due to its short-acting nature. An extended-release formulation of alprazolam known as Xanax XR® was introduced in 2001 and is often preferred. 2. As needed (PRN) therapy of panic attacks, 4 to 6 doses per month are the acceptable limit. If dependence seems to develop and/or the limit is exceeded t ...

See also:

Alprazolam, Alprazolam - Indications, Alprazolam - Narcotic regulations, Alprazolam - Mechanism of action, Alprazolam - Pharmacokinetics, Alprazolam - Recreational use

Read more here: » Alprazolam: Encyclopedia II - Alprazolam - Indications

Zonisamide Zonisamide (brand name Zonegran®) is a sulfonamide anticonvulsant approved for use as an adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. It was discovered by researchers at Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma (大日本住友製薬: Dainippon Sumitomo Seiyaku (formerly Dainippon Pharmaceutical (大日本製薬: Dainippon Seiyaku)), who launched it in 1989 as Excegran® in Japan.[3] It was market ...

Including:

• Zonisamide - Uses
• Zonisamide - Approved
• Zonisamide - Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational
• Zonisamide - Metabolism
• Zonisamide - Mechanism of Action
• Zonisamide - Side Effects
• Zonisamide - Interactions with Other Medication
• Zonisamide - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Zonisamide: Encyclopedia - Zonisamide

ethosuximide Ethosuximide is a succinimide anticonvulsant, used mainly in absence seizures. It is sold by Pfizer under the name Zarontin®. Ethosuximide - Adverse Effects. Ethosuximide - Central Nervous System. drowsiness mental confusion insomnia nervousness headache euphoria ataxia hiccups impaired concentration irritability hyperactivity

Vigabatrin is an anticonvulsant that inhibits the catabolism of GABA. It is an analog of GABA, but it is not a receptor agonist.[2] Vigabatrin - Mechanism of Action. Vigabatrin is an irreversible inhibitor of gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (GABA-T), the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GABA, which increases the level of GABA in the synapses.^Including:

• Vigabatrin - Mechanism of Action
• Vigabatrin - Pharmacokinetics
• Vigabatrin - Uses
• Vigabatrin - Approved/Clinically Proven
• Vigabatrin - Unapproved/Investigational
• Vigabatrin - Adverse Effects
• Vigabatrin - Central Nervous System
• Vigabatrin - Gastrointestinal
• Vigabatrin - Body as a Whole
• Vigabatrin - Teratogenicity
• Vigabatrin - More on Abnormal Vision
• Vigabatrin - Drug Interactions
• Vigabatrin - Brand Names
• Vigabatrin - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Vigabatrin: Encyclopedia - Vigabatrin

The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs with hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, amnestic and muscle relaxant properties. Benzodiazepines are often used for short-term relief of severe, disabling anxiety or insomnia. Long-term use can be problematic due to the development of tolerance and dependency. They are believed to act on the GABA receptor GABAA, the activation of which dampens higher neuronal activity. They began to be widely prescribed for stress-related ailments in the 1960s and 1970s. Benzodiazepi ...

Including:

• Benzodiazepine - Members
• Benzodiazepine - Effects
• Benzodiazepine - Uses
• Benzodiazepine - Side-effects
• Benzodiazepine - Abuse and dependence
• Benzodiazepine - Intoxication
• Benzodiazepine - Legal status
• Benzodiazepine - History
• Benzodiazepine - Pharmacology
• Benzodiazepine - Reference

Read more here: » Benzodiazepine: Encyclopedia - Benzodiazepine

Examples: Heroin, LSD, marijuana, MDMA (Ecstasy), methaqualone (Quaalude). Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule II. The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the drug or other substances may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Examples: Cocaine, ...

Including:

• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule I
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule II
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule III
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule IV
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule V
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Background
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments for and against rescheduling
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments for rescheduling
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments against rescheduling
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Rescheduling process
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Rulemaking proceedings
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Factors determinative of scheduling
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - International treaty obligations
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - History of marijuana rescheduling efforts
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - 1972 NORML petition
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Parties supporting rescheduling
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Parties opposing rescheduling
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - 1995 Gettman/High Times petition
• Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - 2002 Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis petition

Read more here: » Cannabis rescheduling in the United States: Encyclopedia - Cannabis rescheduling in the United States

Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments for rescheduling. The position of Jon Gettman, leader of the rescheduling movement, is that a drug cannot remain in a Schedule unless it fully meets all three statutory criteria for that Schedule [1]. Gettman believes that "high potential for abuse" means that a drug has a potential for abuse similar to that of heroin or cocaine [2]. Gettman argues further that since laboratory animals do not self-administer marijuana, and because marijuana's toxicity is less than that of he ...

See also:

Cannabis rescheduling in the United States, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule I, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule II, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule III, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule IV, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Schedule V, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Background, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments for and against rescheduling, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments for rescheduling, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments against rescheduling, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Rescheduling process, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Rulemaking proceedings, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Factors determinative of scheduling, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - International treaty obligations, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - History of marijuana rescheduling efforts, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - 1972 NORML petition, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Parties supporting rescheduling, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Parties opposing rescheduling, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - 1995 Gettman/High Times petition, Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - 2002 Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis petition

Read more here: » Cannabis rescheduling in the United States: Encyclopedia II - Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Arguments for and against rescheduling

Pentobarbital - Approved. seizures sedation Pentobarbital - Unapproved/Investigational/Off-Label. reduction of intracranial pressure in Reye's syndrome, traumatic brain injury. induction of coma in cerebral ischemia patients Pentobarbital - Veterinary medicine. In veterinary medicine sodium pentobarbital—traded under names such as Sagatal—is used as an anaesthetic,[3]. ...

See also:

Pentobarbital, Pentobarbital - Uses, Pentobarbital - Approved, Pentobarbital - Unapproved/Investigational/Off-Label, Pentobarbital - Veterinary medicine, Pentobarbital - Euthanasia, Pentobarbital - Metabolism, Pentobarbital - Drug Interactions, Pentobarbital - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Pentobarbital: Encyclopedia II - Pentobarbital - Uses

ATC code N05 - N05A Antipsychotics. ATC code N05 - N05AA Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain. N05AA01 Chlorpromazine N05AA02 Levomepromazine N05AA03 Promazine N05AA04 Acepromazine N05AA05 Triflupromazine N05AA06 Cyamemazine N05AA07 Chlorproethazine ATC code N05 - N05AB Phenothiazines with piperazine structure. N05AB01 Dixyrazine N05AB02 Fluphenazine N05AB03 Perphenazine N ...

See also:

ATC code N05, ATC code N05 - N05A Antipsychotics, ATC code N05 - N05AA Phenothiazines with aliphatic side-chain, ATC code N05 - N05AB Phenothiazines with piperazine structure, ATC code N05 - N05AC Phenothiazines with piperidine structure, ATC code N05 - N05AD Butyrophenone derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AE Indole derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AF Thioxanthene derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AG Diphenylbutylpiperidine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05AH Diazepines oxazepines and thiazepines, ATC code N05 - N05AK Neuroleptics in tardive dyskinesia, ATC code N05 - N05AL Benzamides, ATC code N05 - N05AN Lithium, ATC code N05 - N05AX Other antipsychotics, ATC code N05 - N05B Anxiolytics, ATC code N05 - N05BA Benzodiazepine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BB Diphenylmethane derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BC Carbamates, ATC code N05 - N05BD Dibenzo-bicyclo-octadiene derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BE Azaspirodecanedione derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05BX Other anxiolytics, ATC code N05 - N05C Hypnotics and sedatives, ATC code N05 - N05CA Barbiturates plain, ATC code N05 - N05CB Barbiturates combinations, ATC code N05 - N05CC Aldehydes and derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CD Benzodiazepine derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CE Piperidinedione derivatives, ATC code N05 - N05CF Benzodiazepine related drugs, ATC code N05 - N05CM Other hypnotics and sedatives, ATC code N05 - N05CX Hypnotics and sedatives in combination excluding barbiturates

Read more here: » ATC code N05: Encyclopedia II - ATC code N05 - N05A Antipsychotics

Zonisamide - Approved. Zonisamide is approved in the United States,[7] United Kingdom,[8] and Japan for adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults. Zonisamide - Unapprove ...

See also:

Zonisamide, Zonisamide - Uses, Zonisamide - Approved, Zonisamide - Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational, Zonisamide - Metabolism, Zonisamide - Mechanism of Action, Zonisamide - Side Effects, Zonisamide - Interactions with Other Medication, Zonisamide - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Zonisamide: Encyclopedia II - Zonisamide - Uses

The anticonvulsant properties of potassium bromide were first noted by Sir Charles Locock at a meeting of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society in 1857. It can be regarded as the first effective medication for epilepsy. At the time, it was commonly thought that epilepsy was caused by masturbation. Locock noted that bromide calmed sexual excitement and thought this was responsible for his success in treating seizures. There would not be a better drug ...

See also:

Potassium bromide, Potassium bromide - Chemical properties, Potassium bromide - Preparation, Potassium bromide - Uses, Potassium bromide - Precautions, Potassium bromide - External Resources

Read more here: » Potassium bromide: Encyclopedia II - Potassium bromide - Uses

Vigabatrin - Central nervous system. Out of 2,081 subjects, somnolence (12.5%), headache (3.8%), dizziness (3.8%), nervousness (2.7%), depression (2.5%), memory disturbances (2.3%), diplopia (2.2%), aggression (2.0%), ataxia (1.9%), vertigo (1.9%), hyperactivity (1.8%), vision abnormalities (1.6%), confusion (1.4%), insomnia (1.3%), impaired concentration (1.2%), personality disorder (1.1%).[15] ...

See also:

Vigabatrin, Vigabatrin - Mechanism of action, Vigabatrin - Pharmacokinetics, Vigabatrin - Uses, Vigabatrin - Approved/clinically proven, Vigabatrin - Unapproved/Investigational, Vigabatrin - Adverse effects, Vigabatrin - Central nervous system, Vigabatrin - Gastrointestinal, Vigabatrin - Body as a Whole, Vigabatrin - Teratogenicity, Vigabatrin - More on abnormal vision, Vigabatrin - Drug interactions, Vigabatrin - Brand names, Vigabatrin - References and end notes

Read more here: » Vigabatrin: Encyclopedia II - Vigabatrin - Adverse effects

Progabide - Approved. Progabide is approved in France for either monotherapy or adjunctive use in the treatment of epilepsy in both children and adults.[1] Progabide - Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational. ...

See also:

Progabide, Progabide - Uses, Progabide - Approved, Progabide - Unapproved/Off-Label/Investigational, Progabide - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Progabide: Encyclopedia II - Progabide - Uses

Vigabatrin - Central Nervous System. Out of 2,081 subjects, somnolence (12.5%), headache (3.8%), dizziness (3.8%), nervousness (2.7%), depression (2.5%), memory disturbances (2.3%), diplopia (2.2%), aggression (2.0%), ataxia (1.9%), vertigo (1.9%), hyperactivity (1.8%), vision abnormalities (1.6%), confusion (1.4%), insomnia (1.3%), impaired concentration (1.2%), personality disorder (1.1%).[15] ...

See also:

Vigabatrin, Vigabatrin - Mechanism of Action, Vigabatrin - Pharmacokinetics, Vigabatrin - Uses, Vigabatrin - Approved/Clinically Proven, Vigabatrin - Unapproved/Investigational, Vigabatrin - Adverse Effects, Vigabatrin - Central Nervous System, Vigabatrin - Gastrointestinal, Vigabatrin - Body as a Whole, Vigabatrin - Teratogenicity, Vigabatrin - More on Abnormal Vision, Vigabatrin - Drug Interactions, Vigabatrin - Brand Names, Vigabatrin - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Vigabatrin: Encyclopedia II - Vigabatrin - Adverse Effects

Ethosuximide - Central Nervous System. drowsiness mental confusion insomnia nervousness headache euphoria ataxia hiccups impaired concentration irritability hyperactivity loss of taste night terrors paranoid psychosis increased l ...

See also:

Ethosuximide, Ethosuximide - Adverse Effects, Ethosuximide - Central Nervous System, Ethosuximide - Gastrointestinal, Ethosuximide - Genitourinary, Ethosuximide - Hematopoietic, Ethosuximide - Integumentary, Ethosuximide - Ocular, Ethosuximide - Complications, Ethosuximide - Drug Interactions, Ethosuximide - End Notes

Read more here: » Ethosuximide: Encyclopedia II - Ethosuximide - Adverse Effects

Primidone is used to treat, but not cure, the following conditions in the following countries: Primidone - Approved Uses. According to the National Collaborating Center for Primary Care, primidone is licensed for generalized tonic-clonic seizures and complex partial seizures.[13] In the United States, primidone is approved for adjunctive (in combination with other drugs) monotherapy (by itself)) in generalized tonic-clonic seizures, nocturnal myoclonic seizures, simple partial seizu ...

See also:

Primidone, Primidone - Metabolism, Primidone - Uses, Primidone - Approved Uses, Primidone - Unapproved/Investigational/Off-Label Uses, Primidone - Adverse Effects, Primidone - Central Nervous System, Primidone - Autonomic Nervous System, Primidone - Cardiovascular, Primidone - Connective Tissue System, Primidone - Dermatologic, Primidone - Hematopoietic, Primidone - Hepatic, Primidone - Immunologic, Primidone - Musculoskeletal, Primidone - Pregnancy, Primidone - Effects of Age Gender and Ethnicity on the Metabolism and Elimination of Primidone, Primidone - Drug Interactions, Primidone - Availability, Primidone - Australia, Primidone - Canada, Primidone - Germany, Primidone - Ireland, Primidone - Israel, Primidone - Italy, Primidone - Japan, Primidone - Sweden, Primidone - Switzerland, Primidone - United Kingdom, Primidone - United States, Primidone - History of primidone, Primidone - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Primidone: Encyclopedia II - Primidone - Uses

Benzodiazepines are commonly divided into three groups. Short-acting compounds act for less than six hours and have few residual effects if taken before bedtime, but rebound insomnia may occur and they might cause wake-time anxiety. Intermediate-acting compounds have an effect for 6-10 hours, may have mild residual effects but rebound insomnia is not common. Long-acting compounds have strong sedative eff ...

See also:

Benzodiazepine, Benzodiazepine - Members, Benzodiazepine - Effects, Benzodiazepine - Uses, Benzodiazepine - Side-effects, Benzodiazepine - Abuse and dependence, Benzodiazepine - Intoxication, Benzodiazepine - Legal status, Benzodiazepine - History, Benzodiazepine - Pharmacology, Benzodiazepine - Reference

Read more here: » Benzodiazepine: Encyclopedia II - Benzodiazepine - Members

In addition to being a sedative, valnoctamide has been investigated for use in epilepsy since 1969[6] and was still being investigated in 2000[7] and 2003. It was studied for neuropathic pain in 2005 by Winkler et al, with good results: it had minimal effects on motor coordination and alertness at effective doses, and appeared to be equally effective as gabapentin.[8]< ...

See also:

Valnoctamide, Valnoctamide - Other Uses, Valnoctamide - Side Effects, Valnoctamide - Drug Interactions, Valnoctamide - Chirality, Valnoctamide - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Valnoctamide: Encyclopedia II - Valnoctamide - Other Uses

A study published in 2002 found that vigabatrin causes a statistically significant increase in plasma clearance of carbamazepine.[29] In 1984, Drs Rimmer and Richens at the University of Wales reported that administering vigabatrin with phenytoin lowered the serum phenytoin concentration in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy.[30] The ...

See also:

Vigabatrin, Vigabatrin - Mechanism of Action, Vigabatrin - Pharmacokinetics, Vigabatrin - Uses, Vigabatrin - Approved/Clinically Proven, Vigabatrin - Unapproved/Investigational, Vigabatrin - Adverse Effects, Vigabatrin - Central Nervous System, Vigabatrin - Gastrointestinal, Vigabatrin - Body as a Whole, Vigabatrin - Teratogenicity, Vigabatrin - More on Abnormal Vision, Vigabatrin - Drug Interactions, Vigabatrin - Brand Names, Vigabatrin - References and End Notes

Read more here: » Vigabatrin: Encyclopedia II - Vigabatrin - Drug Interactions