An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more elements, which has a combination of at least one metal, and where the resultant material has metallic properties. An alloy with two components is called a binary alloy; one with three is a ternary alloy; one with four is a quaternary alloy. The result is a metallic substance with properties different from those of its components. Alloys are usually designed to have properties that are more desirable than those of their components. For instance, steel is stronger than iron, one of its main elements, and brass is more durable ...

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Including:

• Copper alloys - Brasses
• Copper alloys - Bronzes
• Copper alloys - Precious metal alloys

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A brass is an alloy of copper with zinc. Brasses are usually yellow in color. The zinc content can vary between few % to about 40%; as long as it is kept under 15%, it does not markedly decrease corrosion resistance of copper. Brasses can be sensitive to selective leaching corrosion under certain conditions, when zinc is leached from the alloy (dezincification), leaving behind a spongy copper structure. ...

See also:

Copper alloys, Copper alloys - Brasses, Copper alloys - Bronzes, Copper alloys - Precious metal alloys

Read more here: » Copper alloys: Encyclopedia II - Copper alloys - Brasses

Cymbals are made from four main alloys, all of them copper-based. These are: Bell Bronze, Malleable Bronze, Brass and Nickel Silver. See also bell, gong, cymbal making. Cymbal alloys - Bell Bronze. Bell bronze, also known as bell metal, is the traditional alloy used for fine cymbals, many gongs and, as the name suggests, bells. It is normally stated to be one part tin to four parts copper, that is 20% tin, and this is still the most common formula. But there has always been some variation. Larger and ...

Including:

• Cymbal alloys - Bell Bronze
• Cymbal alloys - Malleable Bronze
• Cymbal alloys - Brass
• Cymbal alloys - Nickel Silver
• Cymbal alloys - Other Metals
• Cymbal alloys - Secret Alloys

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A shape memory alloy (SMA) (also known as memory metal or smart wire) is a metal that remembers its geometry. After it is deformed, it regains its original geometry by itself during heating (one-way effect) or, at higher ambient temperatures, simply during unloading (pseudo-elasticity). These extraordinary properties are due to a temperature-dependent martensitic phase transformation from a low-symmetry to a highly symmetric crystallographic structure. Those ...

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Bronze is the ancient name for a broad range of alloys of copper, but usually with tin as the main additive. First used in the Bronze Age, it made tools, weapons and armor harder or more durable than their stone and copper predecessors. In early use, the impurity arsenic made the alloy even harder. The earliest bronzes date to the late 4th millennium BC in Susa (Iran) and some ancient sit ...

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Austenite (γ-iron; hard) Bainite Martensite Cementite (iron carbide; Fe3C) Ferrite (α-iron; soft) Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite) Carbon steel (up to 2.1% carbon) Stainless steel (alloy with chromium) Tool steel (very hard; heat-treated) Cast iron (>2.1% carbon) Wrought iron (almost no carbon) Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing m ...

Including:

• Cast iron - Grey cast iron
• Cast iron - Other cast iron alloys

Read more here: » Cast iron: Encyclopedia - Cast iron

In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. The metals are one of the three groups of elements as distinguished by their ionisation and bonding properties, along with the metalloids and nonmetals. On the periodic table, a diagonal line drawn from boron (B) to polonium (Po) separates the metals from the nonmetals. Elements on this line are metalloids, sometimes called semi-metals; elements to the lower left are metals ...

Including:

• Metal - Alloys
• Metal - Physical properties
• Metal - Metal oxides
• Metal - Astronomy

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Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc (a copper alloy), a solid solution. Typically it is more than 50 % copper. Some types of brass are called bronzes, despite their high zinc content. Brass is a versatile manufacturing material because of its hardness and workability. Admiralty brass contains 30% zinc and 1% tin which inhibits dezincification. Alpha brasses, with less than 35% zinc, are malleable, can be worked cold, and are used in pressing, forging, or similar. They contain only one ...

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Cymbals (Fr. cymbales; Ger. Becken; Ital. piatti or cinelli), are a modern percussion instrument. Cymbals consist of thin, normally round plates of various cymbal alloys; see cymbal making for a discussion of their manufacture. Most modern cymbals are of indefinite pitch (tuned sets have been manufactured but are rare), whereas small cup-shaped cymbals based on ancient designs sound a definite note; see crotal. Cymbals are used in modern orchestras and many military, marching, concert and other bands. They are one of the two in ...

Including:

• Cymbal - Orchestral cymbals
• Cymbal - Crash cymbals
• Cymbal - Suspended cymbals
• Cymbal - Ancient cymbals
• Cymbal - Origins
• Cymbal - Terminology
• Cymbal - Types of cymbal
• Cymbal - Manufacturers

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A bicycle frame is the main component of a bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety bicycle, and is made of two triangles, a main triangle and a paired rear triangle. This is known as the diamond frame. The main triangle consists of the head tube, top tube, down tube and seat tube. The rear triangle consists of the seat tube, and paired chain stays and seat stays. The head tube contains the headset, the interface with the fo ...

Including:

• Bicycle frame - Frame tubes
• Bicycle frame - Head tube
• Bicycle frame - Top tube
• Bicycle frame - Down tube
• Bicycle frame - Seat tube
• Bicycle frame - Chain stays
• Bicycle frame - Seat stays
• Bicycle frame - Frame geometry
• Bicycle frame - Frame size
• Bicycle frame - Road and triathlon bicycles
• Bicycle frame - Mountain bicycles
• Bicycle frame - Variations
• Bicycle frame - Frame materials
• Bicycle frame - Steel
• Bicycle frame - Aluminum alloys
• Bicycle frame - Titanium
• Bicycle frame - Carbon fibre
• Bicycle frame - Thermoplastic

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White gold refers to an alloy of gold and other white metals such as silver, palladium, or nickel. The natural color of white gold is light gray, so jewelry made of white gold is typically coated in highly reflective rhodium (sometimes coated in platinum and palladium), adding a more brilliant shine. Palladium and silver alloys are of higher quality than nickel and are sometimes not coated with rhodium. The purpose of plating is to add luster to grayer jewelry, as well as to prevent oxidation of some of the metals found in the alloys. ...

Including:

• White gold - History
• White gold - Health risks
• White gold - Care and maintenance

Read more here: » White gold: Encyclopedia - White gold

Adamantium is a fictional chemical substance and metal alloy in a number of fictional settings, notably the Marvel Universe. The name is derived from adamantine, the metal of the Greek gods. Hercules himself used an enchanted golden mace made of adamantine, which was indestructible. In the modern fiction universe, the virtually-indestructible Adamantium was created when Dr. Myron MacLain reverse-engineered Captain America's vibranium-alloy shield. Henceforth, the vibranium alloy is the only man-made substance known to be more durable ...

Including:

• Adamantium - Types of Adamantium

Read more here: » Adamantium: Encyclopedia - Adamantium

Aluminium bronze is a type of bronze in which aluminium is the main alloying metal added to copper. A variety of aluminium bronzes of differing compositions have found industrial use, with most ranging from 5% to 11% aluminium by weight, the remaining mass being copper; other alloying agents such as iron, nickel, manganese, and silicon are also sometimes added to aluminium bronzes. Aluminium bronze - Compositions. Following is a list of common standard aluminium bronze wrought alloy compositions, by ISO 428 ...

Including:

• Aluminium bronze - Compositions
• Aluminium bronze - Material properties
• Aluminium bronze - Applications

Read more here: » Aluminium bronze: Encyclopedia - Aluminium bronze

Aluminium or aluminum (Symbol Al) (see the spelling section below) is a silvery and ductile member of the poor metal group of chemical elements. Its atomic number is 13. Aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and is remarkable for its resistance to oxidation (due to the phenomenon of passivation), its strength, and its light weight. Aluminium is used in many industries to make millions of different products and is very important to the world economy. Structural components made from aluminium are vital to the aer ...

Including:

• Aluminium - Properties
• Aluminium - Applications
• Aluminium - Engineering use
• Aluminium - History
• Aluminium - Natural occurrence
• Aluminium - Isotopes
• Aluminium - Clusters
• Aluminium - Precautions
• Aluminium - Spelling
• Aluminium - Etymology / Nomenclature history
• Aluminium - Present day spelling
• Aluminium - Chemistry
• Aluminium - Oxidation state 1
• Aluminium - Oxidation state 2
• Aluminium - Oxidation state 3
• Aluminium - Aluminium in popular culture

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Babbitt metal, also called white metal, is an alloy used to provide the bearing surface in a plain bearing. It was invented in 1839 by Isaac Babbitt in Taunton, Massachusetts, USA. The term is used today to describe a series of alloys used as a bearing metal. Babbit metal is characterized by its resistance to gall. Common compositions for Babbitt alloys: 90% tin 10% copper 89% tin 7% antimony 4% copper 80% lead 15% antimony 5% tin Originally used as a cast in place bulk bearing material, it is now more commonly used as a thi ...

Including:

• Babbitt metal - Traditional babbitt bearings
• Babbitt metal - Modern Babbitt bearings
• Babbitt metal - Alternative Bearings

Read more here: » Babbitt metal: Encyclopedia - Babbitt metal

Steel is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon being the primary alloying material. Carbon acts as a hardening agent, preventing iron atoms, which are naturally arranged in a lattice, from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of carbon and its distribution in the alloy controls qualities such as the hardness, elasticity, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but is also more brittle. One classical definition is t ...

Including:

• Steel - Iron and steel
• Steel - History of iron and steelmaking
• Steel - The Iron Age
• Steel - Developments in China
• Steel - India
• Steel - Middle East
• Steel - Ironworking in medieval Europe
• Steel - Ironworking in early modern Europe
• Steel - Industrial steelmaking
• Steel - Types of steel
• Steel - Production methods

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An object is pure if it has no contamination or foreign material. In reference to precious metals, purity is a measure of what percentage of an alloy is the metal in question. Purity is generally measured in carats. In The X-files, Purity is the codename of the Black Oil virus Category: Metals ...

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A touchstone is a small tablet of dark stone such as fieldstone or slate, used for probing of precious metal alloys. It has a finely grained surface on which soft metals leave a visible trace. By rubbing the metal on a touchstone a small amount of metal would be ground off onto the stone, and form a colored stripe. This is typically compared to a stripe ground from an alloy of known high-quality composition next to the sample (this is called "priming" the stone). The simplest, but crude, method of probing is comparing th ...

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Yetholm-type shields are artefacts dating from 1200-800 BC during the bronze age. Some twenty shields of this type have been discovered, all from the British Isles except for one find in Denmark. The shields vary significantly in size, but the shields are otherwise very similar in the details of their design. Shields of this type are named for Yetholm in southern Scotland where a peat bog yielded three examples. Typically, the shields are made of copper alloy sheet metal about 0.6mm thick. The copper alloy is a high-tin bronze: ...

Read more here: » Yetholm-type shields: Encyclopedia - Yetholm-type shields