Alkene - Shape of Alkenes. As predicted by the VSEPR model of electron pair replusion, in the molecular geometry of alkenes the bond angles about each carbon in a double bond are about 120°, although the angle may be larger because of steric strain introduced by nonbonded interactions created by functional groups attached to the carbons of the double bond. For example, the C-C-C bond angle in propene is 123.9°. The alkene double bond is stronger than a single covalent bond and also shorter with an average bond length of 133 picometre.

Alkene, Alkene - Structure of Alkenes, Alkene - Shape of Alkenes, Alkene - Molecular Geometry, Alkene - Physical properties, Alkene - Chemical properties, Alkene - Synthesis, Alkene - Reactions, Alkene - Addition reactions, Alkene - Oxidation, Alkene - Polymerisation, Alkene - Nomenclature of Alkenes, Alkene - IUPAC Names, Alkene - Common Names

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Alkene, Alkene - Structure of Alkenes, Alkene - Shape of Alkenes, Alkene - Molecular Geometry, Alkene - Physical properties, Alkene - Chemical properties, Alkene - Synthesis, Alkene - Reactions, Alkene - Addition reactions, Alkene - Oxidation, Alkene - Polymerisation, Alkene - Nomenclature of Alkenes, Alkene - IUPAC Names, Alkene - Common Names

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Alkenes are named for their parent alkane chain with the suffix "-ene" and an infixed number indicating the position of the double-bonded carbon in the chain: CH2=CHCH2CH3 is but-1-ene. Ethene (ethylene) and propene (propylene) do not require infixed numbers, since there is no ambiguity in the structures. As before, the lowest number is used. Multiple double bonds take the form -diene, -triene, etc., with the size prefix of the chain taking an extra "a": CH2=CHCH=CH2 is buta-1,3-d ...

See also:

IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Alkanes, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Alkenes and Alkynes, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Alcohols, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Halogenated compounds, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Ketones, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Aldehydes, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Carboxylic acids, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Ethers, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Esters, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Amines and Amides, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Cyclic compounds, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Order of precedence of groups, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Common nomenclature, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Ketones, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Aldehydes, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Ions, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Hydron, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Parent hydride cations, IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry - Cations and substitution

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An alkene in organic chemistry is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon to carbon double bond. The simplest alkenes, with only one double bond, form a homologous series, the alkenes with general formula CnH2n. The simplest alkene is C2H4, which has the common name "ethylene" and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name "ethene". Alkenes are also called olefins and vinyl compounds. Alkene - Structure of AlkenesIncluding:

Alkene - Structure of Alkenes
Alkene - Shape of Alkenes Alkene - Molecular Geometry
Alkene - Physical properties Alkene - Chemical properties Alkene - Synthesis Alkene - Reactions
Alkene - Addition reactions Alkene - Oxidation Alkene - Polymerisation
Alkene - Nomenclature of Alkenes
Alkene - IUPAC Names Alkene - Common Names

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N-Bromosuccinimide - Addition to alkenes. NBS will react with alkenes 1 in aqueous solvents to give bromohydrins 2. The preferred conditions are the portionwise addition of NBS to a solution of the alkene in 50% aqueous DMSO, DME, THF, or tert-butanol at 0°C.[1] Formation of a bromonium ion and immediate attack by water gives strong Markovnikov addition and anti stereochemical selectivities.^{See also:}

N-Bromosuccinimide, N-Bromosuccinimide - Reactions of N-Bromosuccinimide, N-Bromosuccinimide - Addition to alkenes, N-Bromosuccinimide - Allylic and benzylic bromination, N-Bromosuccinimide - Bromination of carbonyl derivatives, N-Bromosuccinimide - Bromination of aromatic derivatives, N-Bromosuccinimide - Hoffmann rearrangement, N-Bromosuccinimide - Preparation of NBS, N-Bromosuccinimide - Precautions

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Organic reaction - Alkanes RH. Organic reaction - Alkenes R1R2C=CR3R4 and Alkynes R1C≡CR2. (RS) Free radical bromination: alkene + N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) → brominated at allyl position, without adding to double bond. ...

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Organic reaction, Organic reaction - Reactions by reactants: aliphatic compounds, Organic reaction - Alkanes RH, Organic reaction - Alkenes R1R2C=CR3R4 and Alkynes R1C≡CR2, Organic reaction - Hydrocarbons plus Group 17 Halogen, Organic reaction - Alkyl halides RX, Organic reaction - Hydrocarbons plus Group 16 Chalcogen, Organic reaction - Oxygen containing compounds, Organic reaction - Sulfur containing compounds, Organic reaction - Hydrocarbons plus Group 15 Pnictogen, Organic reaction - Nitrogen containing compounds, Organic reaction - Phosphorus containing compounds, Organic reaction - Benzene and derivatives, Organic reaction - Other reactions unsorted

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For compounds found in organic chemistry, the Cahn Ingold Prelog priority rules are used to determine the orientation of a molecule for purposes of assigning stereochemistry at a stereocenter and for assigning the name of isomers of molecules possessing double bonds such as alkenes. Simply put, any atom attached to a stereocenter or alkene bond carbon (or similar double bond system) has a Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority corresponding to it ...

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For compounds found in organic chemistry, the Cahn Ingold Prelog priority rules are used to determine the orientation of a molecule for purposes of assigning stereochemistry at a stereocenter and for assigning the name of isomers of molecules possessing double bonds such as alkenes. Simply put, any atom attached to a stereocenter or alkene bond carbon (or similar double bond system) has a Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority corresponding to it ...

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Alkyl halides can be synthesized from alkanes, alkenes, or alcohols. Haloalkane - From alkanes. Alkanes react with halogens by free radical halogenation. In this reaction a hydrogen atom is removed from the alkane, then replaced by a halogen atom by reaction with a diatomic halogen molecule. Thus: Step 1: X2 → 2 X· (Initiation Step) Step 2: X· + R-H → R· + HX (1st Propagation Step) Step 3: R· + X2 → R-X + ...

See also:

Haloalkane, Haloalkane - General, Haloalkane - Chlorofluoro compounds CFC, HCFC, HFC, Haloalkane - Bromofluoro compounds halons, Haloalkane - Polymer haloalkanes, Haloalkane - History, Haloalkane - Original development, Haloalkane - Development on alternatives, Haloalkane - Phase out, Haloalkane - Nomenclature, Haloalkane - IUPAC nomenclature, Haloalkane - Alternative nomenclature for refrigerants, Haloalkane - Overview of named compounds, Haloalkane - Synthesis, Haloalkane - From alkanes, Haloalkane - From alkenes, Haloalkane - From alkanol alcohol, Haloalkane - Reactions of haloalkanes, Haloalkane - Substitution reactions, Haloalkane - Elimination reactions, Haloalkane - Applications, Haloalkane - Propellant, Haloalkane - Fire extinguishing, Haloalkane - Environmental issues, Haloalkane - Safety

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Cycloalkanes are chemical compounds with a one or more rings of carbons to which hydrogens are attached according to the formula CnH2n. Cycloalkanes with a single ring are named analogously to their normal alkane counterpart of the same carbon count: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, etc. The larger cycloalkanes, with greater than 20 carbon atoms are typically called cycloparaffins. Cycloalkanes are classified into small, normal and bigger cycloalkanes, where cyclopropane and cyclobutane are the small ones, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane are ...

Including:

Cycloalkane - Nomenclature Cycloalkane - Reactions

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Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production. Gasoline is produced in oil refineries. These days, material that is simply separated from crude oil via distillation, called natural gasoline, will not meet the required specifications (in particular octane rating; see below) for modern engines, but these streams will form part of the blend. The bulk of a typical gasoline consi ...

Including:

Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production
Gasoline - Octane rating
Gasoline - Dangers Gasoline - Energy content Gasoline - Additives
Gasoline - Lead Gasoline - MMT Gasoline - Oxygenate blending
Gasoline - History
Gasoline - Pharmaceutical Gasoline - Etymology Gasoline - World War II and octane
Gasoline - Current use Gasoline - Stability

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Cinnamaldehyde General Physical Safety SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references Cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde (more precisely trans-cinnamaldehyde, the only naturally-occurring form) is the chemical compound that gives cinnamon its spice. Cinnamaldehyde occurs naturally in a the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the g ...

Including:

Cinnamaldehyde - Structure and physical properties Cinnamaldehyde - Applications

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Bond length or bond distance in molecular geometry is the distance between two bonded atoms in a molecule. Bond length - Explanation. Bond length is directly related to bond order, when more electrons participate in bond formation the bond will get shorter. Bond length is also directly related to bond strength and the bond dissociation energy as a stronger bond is also a shorter bond. In a bond between two identical atoms half the bond distance is equal to the covalent radius. Bond lengths are measured in m ...

Including:

Bond length - Explanation Bond length - Bond lengths of carbon with other elements Bond length - Carbon-carbon bond lengths

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Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion engines. Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production. Gasoline is produced in oil refineries. These days, material that is simply separated from crude oil via distillation, called natural gasoline, will not meet the required specifications (in particular octane rating; see below) for modern engines, but these streams will form part of the blend. The bulk of a typical gasoline consi ...

Including:

Gasoline - Chemical analysis and production
Gasoline - Volatility Gasoline - Octane rating
Gasoline - Dangers Gasoline - Energy content Gasoline - Additives
Gasoline - Lead Gasoline - MMT Gasoline - Oxygenate blending
Gasoline - History
Gasoline - Pharmaceutical Gasoline - Etymology Gasoline - World War II and octane
Gasoline - Current use Gasoline - Stability

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Zirconium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. A lustrous gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium, zirconium is obtained chiefly from zircon and is very corrosion resistant. Zirconium is primarily used in nuclear reactors for a neutron absorber and to make corrosion-resistant alloys. Zirconium - Notable characteristics. It is a grayish-white metal, lustrous and exceptionally corrosion resistant. Zirconium is lighter than steel an ...

Including:

Zirconium - Notable characteristics Zirconium - Applications Zirconium - History Zirconium - Occurrence Zirconium - Isotopes Zirconium - Precautions

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Alkyl halides can be synthesized from alkanes, alkenes, or alcohols. Haloalkane - From alkanes. Alkanes react with halogens by free radical halogenation. In this reaction a hydrogen atom is removed from the alkane, then replaced by a halogen atom by reaction with a diatomic halogen molecule. Thus: Step 1: X2 → 2 X· (Initiation Step) Step 2: X· + R-H → R· + HX (1st Propagation Step) Step 3: R· + X2 → R-X + ...

See also:

Haloalkane, Haloalkane - General, Haloalkane - Chlorofluoro compounds CFC HCFC HFC, Haloalkane - Bromofluoro compounds halons, Haloalkane - Polymer haloalkanes, Haloalkane - History, Haloalkane - Original development, Haloalkane - Development on alternatives, Haloalkane - Phase out, Haloalkane - Nomenclature, Haloalkane - IUPAC nomenclature, Haloalkane - Alternative nomenclature for refrigerants, Haloalkane - Overview of named compounds, Haloalkane - Synthesis, Haloalkane - From alkanes, Haloalkane - From alkenes, Haloalkane - From alkanol alcohol, Haloalkane - Reactions of haloalkanes, Haloalkane - Substitution reactions, Haloalkane - Elimination reactions, Haloalkane - Applications, Haloalkane - Propellant, Haloalkane - Fire extinguishing, Haloalkane - Environmental issues, Haloalkane - Safety

Read more here: » Haloalkane: Encyclopedia II - Haloalkane - Synthesis

The haloalkanes (also known as Halogenoalkanes) are a group of chemical compounds, consisting of alkanes, such as methane or ethane, with one or more halogens linked, such as chlorine or fluorine, making them a type of organic halide. They are known under many chemical and trivial names. As fire extinguishers, propellants, and solvents, they have or had wide use. Some haloalkanes have negative effects on the environment, such as ozone depletion. Haloalkane - General. A haloalkane, also known as al ...

Including:

Haloalkane - General
Haloalkane - Chlorofluoro compounds CFC HCFC HFC Haloalkane - Bromofluoro compounds halons Haloalkane - Polymer haloalkanes
Haloalkane - History
Haloalkane - Original development Haloalkane - Development on alternatives Haloalkane - Phase out
Haloalkane - Nomenclature
Haloalkane - IUPAC nomenclature Haloalkane - Alternative nomenclature for refrigerants Haloalkane - Overview of named compounds
Haloalkane - Synthesis
Haloalkane - From alkanes Haloalkane - From alkenes Haloalkane - From alkanol alcohol
Haloalkane - Reactions of haloalkanes
Haloalkane - Substitution reactions Haloalkane - Elimination reactions
Haloalkane - Applications
Haloalkane - Propellant Haloalkane - Fire extinguishing
Haloalkane - Environmental issues Haloalkane - Safety

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Alkene - Addition reactions. Alkenes reacts in many addition reactions. Catalytic addition of hydrogen: Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes produce the corresponding alkanes. The reaction is carried out under pressure in the presence of a metallic catalyst. Common industrial catalysts are based on platinum, nickel or palladium, for laboratory syntheses, Raney's nickel is often employed. This is an alloy of nickel and aluminium. This is the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene to yield ethane: CH ...

See also:

Alkene, Alkene - Structure of Alkenes, Alkene - Shape of Alkenes, Alkene - Molecular Geometry, Alkene - Physical properties, Alkene - Chemical properties, Alkene - Synthesis, Alkene - Reactions, Alkene - Addition reactions, Alkene - Oxidation, Alkene - Polymerisation, Alkene - Nomenclature of Alkenes, Alkene - IUPAC Names, Alkene - Common Names

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The normal and the bigger alkylcycloalkanes are very stable like alkanes and their reactions (cf. radicalic chain reactions) are like alkanes. The small alkylcycloalkanes - particularly alkylcycloprapane - has a lower stability due to the Baeyer-tension. They react similar to alkenes, though they don't react with the EA (cf. electrophilic addition), but with the SN2 (cf. nucleophilic substitution) reaction mechanism. These reactions are both ...

See also:

Alkyl cycloalkane, Alkyl cycloalkane - Nomenclature, Alkyl cycloalkane - Reactions, Alkyl cycloalkane - Typical compound

Read more here: » Alkyl cycloalkane: Encyclopedia II - Alkyl cycloalkane - Reactions

Electrophile - Alkenes. Electrophilic addition is one of the three main forms of reacting concerning alkenes. They consist of: Hydrogenation by the addition of hydrogen over the double bond. Electrophilic Addition reactions with halogens and sulphuric Acid. Hydration to form alcohols. Electrophile - Addition Reactions. These occur between Alkenes and electrophiles, often halogens. Common reactions include use of bromine water to titrate against a sample to deduce ...

See also:

Electrophile, Electrophile - Electrophiles in Organic Chemistry, Electrophile - Alkenes, Electrophile - Addition Reactions, Electrophile - Hydration

Read more here: » Electrophile: Encyclopedia II - Electrophile - Electrophiles in Organic Chemistry