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Ali Khamenei: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali Khamenei - Presidency
Iran
This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Iran
Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei
President: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ass...
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Ali Khamenei: Encyclopedia Ii - Ali Khamenei - Presidency
Iran
This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Iran
Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei
President: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ass...
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Iranian Majlis Election, 2004: Encyclopedia - Iranian Majlis Election, 2004
Iran
This article is part of the series:
Politics of
Iran
Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei
President: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Assembly of Expert...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia - Weapons Of Mass Destruction
Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) generally include nuclear, biological, chemical and, increasingly, radiological weapons. The term first...
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Head Of State: Encyclopedia - Head Of State
Head of state or chief of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office which serves as the chief public representati...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia - Ruhollah Khomeini
Ayatollah Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini (آیتالله روحالله خمینی in Persian) (May 17, 1900 – June 3, 1989) was an Ira...
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Iranian Majlis Election 2004: Encyclopedia - Iranian Majlis Election 2004
Iran
This article is part of the series:
Politics of
Iran
Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei
President: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Assembly of Expert...
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Ayatollah: Encyclopedia - Ayatollah
Islam
History of Islam
Oneness of God
Profession of Faith
Prayer • Fasting
Pilgrimage • Charity
Muhammad
Ali • Abu Bakr
Companions...
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Islamic Scholars: Encyclopedia Ii - Islamic Scholars - Muslim Scholars
Muslim scholars are either born in a Muslim families, or converted to Islam. For a list of scholars specialized in:
Islamic history, see...
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Iranian Presidential Election 2005: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Presidential Election 2005 - Candidates
The registration of the candidates finished on May 14, 2005 and 1014 candidates had registered to run, including many people who didn't h...
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Persecution Of Bahá'ís: Encyclopedia Ii - Persecution Of Bahá'ís - Contexts
Persecution of Bahá'ís - Historical context.
The Bahá'í Faith grew out of the Bábís which was estabilished in 1844 by the Báb in...
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List Of Iranians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Iranians - Artists
List of Iranians - Authors and poets.
See main article: Persian literature
See main list: List of Persian poets and authors
List of ...
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Islamic Scholars: Encyclopedia Ii - Islamic Scholars - List
Here follows two list of all Islamic scholars, one for Muslim and one for non-Muslim.
For a list of scholars specialized in:
Islamic his...
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List Of Well-known Fatwas: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Well-known Fatwas - Fatwas Promoting Violence Against A Particular Individual
Fatwas involving violence are more likely to be well-known than other fatwas, especially to non-Muslims. One possible reason is that non-...
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Head Of State: Encyclopedia Ii - Head Of State - Selection And Various Types And Styles Of Heads Of State
Various Heads of State use a multitude of different styles and titles, often with many variations in content under diverse constitutions,...
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List Of Political Parties In Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Political Parties In Iran - The Parties
It is quite difficult to get a clear view on the support of the Iranian political parties. Major parties seems to be the following partie...
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Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty - Treaty Pillars
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty - First pillar: non-proliferation.
Five states are permitted by the NPT to own nuclear weapons: the Un...
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Politics Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Iran - Political Conditions
Iran's post-revolution difficulties have included an eight-year war with Iraq, internal political struggles and unrest, and economic diso...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Historic Use Of The Term Wmd
The first record of the term Weapon of Mass Destruction is from a December 28, 1937 Times article on the bombing of Guernica, Spain, by t...
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Hassan Nasrallah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hassan Nasrallah - Background
Nasrallah was born in the East Beirut neighborhood of Bourj Hammoud in 1960, the eldest of nine children. His father was a grocer and no ...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Political Thought And Legacy
Throughout his many writings and speeches, Khomeini consistently promoted his vision of a theocratic Islamic society, guided by the moral...
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East Azarbaijan Province: Encyclopedia Ii - East Azarbaijan Province - History And Culture
East Azarbaijan is one of the more archaic territories in Iran. It contains Anshan, the original capital of the Elamites, and the nucleus...
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History Of Nuclear Weapons: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Nuclear Weapons - History
History of nuclear weapons - Prelude: Physics and politics in the 1930s.
See the main articles at History of physics, Nazi Germany, an...
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Iran's Nuclear Program: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran's Nuclear Program - Background
The foundations for Iran's nuclear program were laid in the 1960s under auspices of the U.S. within the framework of bilateral agreements...
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President Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of Iran - Role In The State
In contrast with most republics, the effective head of Iran's political establishment is not the president, but rather the Supreme Leader...
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Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Nuclear Weapons
The Islamic Republic of Iran's nuclear program goes back several decades. However, in recent years, due to global political changes Iran ...
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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: Encyclopedia Ii - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Political Life
Rafsanjani was a key member of Iran's Revolutionary Council at the beginning of the new Islamic Republic, together with Mohammad Javad Ba...
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Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf: Encyclopedia Ii - Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf - Police Career
He has been selected by Ali Khamenei to succeed Gen. Hedayat Lotfian in the summer of 1999 after the Iranian student protests of July, 19...
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January 2004: Encyclopedia Ii - January 2004 - Events
Ongoing events
2004 Canadian Federal Election
Conservative leadership race
2004 Taiwan Presidential Election
2004 U.S. Presidential El...
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Tudeh Party Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Tudeh Party Of Iran - History
Tudeh Party of Iran - Birth of the Communist movement in Iran.
The history of the communist movement in Iran dates back to the late 19t...
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Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty - Treaty Pillars
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty - First pillar: non-proliferation.
Five states are permitted by the NPT to own nuclear weapons: France...
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International Atomic Energy Agency: Encyclopedia Ii - International Atomic Energy Agency - History
The IAEA serves as an intergovernmental forum for scientific and technical co-operation in the peaceful use of nuclear technology. The IA...
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Supreme Leader Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Supreme Leader Of Iran - The Mandate
While the Supreme Leader is the ultimate head of the Iranian political establishment, the President of Iran, who is elected by the people...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - Ancient History
The ancient nation of Iran was historically known to the West as Persia until March 21, 1935. The name was used in the West due to the an...
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Worker-communist Party Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Worker-communist Party Of Iran - Current Leadership And Organs
The Currenet leaders and organs of WPI Are:
Leader, the Secretary of Centeral Committee: Hamid Taghvaee
Central Committee: chosen in Fift...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Political Thought And Legacy
Throughout his many writings and speeches, Khomeini consistently promoted his vision of a theocratic Islamic society, guided by the moral...
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Head Of State: Encyclopedia Ii - Head Of State - Selection And Various Types And Styles Of Heads Of State
Various Heads of State use(d) a multitude of different styles and titles, often with many variations in content under diverse constitutio...
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East Azarbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - East Azarbaijan - Geography
The province covers an area of approximately 47,830 sq. km. According to the latest divisions of the country in 1996, the various townshi...
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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: Encyclopedia Ii - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Political Life
Before revolution Rafsanjani was a activits against Shah regime and has been jailed on that period.
Rafsanjani was a key member of Iran's...
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The 20th Century In Review: Encyclopedia Ii - The 20th Century In Review - Major Events
The 20th century was marked by a period of change. With inventions such as the light bulb, the automobile, and the telephone in the late ...
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Nuclear Proliferation: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Proliferation - Unsanctioned Nuclear Activity
Nuclear proliferation - Iraq.
Up to the late 1980s it was generally assumed that any undeclared nuclear activities would have to be bas...
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Prime Minister Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Prime Minister Of Iran - Prime Ministers Of Islamic Republic Of Iran
After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini installed Mehdi Bazargan as the prime minister of an interim government, which s...
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Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty - Treaty Pillars
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty - First pillar: non-proliferation.
Five states are permitted by the NPT to own nuclear weapons: France...
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Honor Killing: Encyclopedia Ii - Honor Killing - Honor Killing As A Cultural Practice Or Religious Practice
Sharif Kanaana, professor of anthropology at Birzeit University states that honor killing is
a complicated issue that cuts deep into the...
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Worker-communist Party Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Worker-communist Party Of Iran - Publications And Papers
WPI main paper is “Anternasional” Which is in Persian and currently publishd on Fridays in 4 page or more.
Communist Youth Organisati...
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Iran's Nuclear Program: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran's Nuclear Program - Timeline
1967: The Tehran Nuclear Research Center is built and run by the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI).
July 1968: Iran signs the Nuc...
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Worker-communist Party Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Worker-communist Party Of Iran - Participate In Diffrent Organisation
Since establishment of the party, WPI members and Cadres has created and joined so many Organisations and Campaigns in different issues. ...
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East Azarbaijan Province: Encyclopedia Ii - East Azarbaijan Province - Geography
The province covers an area of approximately 47,830 sq. km. According to the latest divisions of the country in 1996, the counties of thi...
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Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Iran And Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Chemical Weapons
Iran signed the Chemical Weapons Convention on January 13, 1993 and ratified it on November 3, 1997 [2]. Like most other signatories, it ...
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List Of Iranians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Iranians - Other
List of Iranians - Famous Armenians of Iran.
Klara Abkar, painter
Armaees Aghamaliyan
Anik
Anoosh
Arman
Loris Tjeknavorian
Vigen Derd...
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Worker-communist Party Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Worker-communist Party Of Iran - Sister Parties
Leftist Worker-Communist Party of Iraq which was formed in 2004 after the major split in WPI is a sister party to WPI.
LWPI Current Leade...
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Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf: Encyclopedia Ii - Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf - Presidential Campaign
Ghalibaf was a candidate in the Iranian presidential election of 2005, and is being considered to be supported by the some factions of th...
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List Of Iranians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Iranians - Scientists Scholars And Academics
See comprehensive List of Iranian scientists and engineers of the pre-modern age.
See comprehensive List of Iranian scientists and engine...
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List Of Iranians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Iranians - Leaders And Politicians
The list here excludes the royalty. An extensive list of Persian royalty appears further down in this page.
See also List of Prime Minist...
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Iranian Presidential Election 2005: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Presidential Election 2005 - Turnout And Boycotts
The Islamic Republic government of Iran, specially the Supreme Leader and the higher offices, publicly considers the turnout of the voter...
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Nuclear Proliferation: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Proliferation - International Cooperation
Nuclear proliferation - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Main articles: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and [[]], and [[]], and [[ ...
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Iranian Presidential Election 2005: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Presidential Election 2005 - Schedule
The schedule of the election had been decided between the Ministry of Interior and the Guardian Council for June 17, 2004. The election w...
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Iranian Presidential Election 2005: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Presidential Election 2005 - Results
While pre-voting polls mostly favored a run-off between Rafsanjani and Mostafa Moeen, the actual vote counts from the Ministry of Interio...
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Nuclear Proliferation: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Proliferation - International Cooperation
Nuclear proliferation - Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Main article: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
At present, 189 states are p...
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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani: Encyclopedia Ii - Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Personal Life
Rafsanjani was born in the city of Rafsanjan, located in central Iran. From a marriage in 1958, Rafsanjani has three sons Mohsen, Mehdi, ...
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President Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of Iran - Qualifications And Election
The President of Iran is elected in a national election by universal adult suffrage. The selection of candidates for the election is rest...
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Iranian Presidential Election 2005: Encyclopedia Ii - Iranian Presidential Election 2005 - Election Controversies
After the first round of the election, some people, including Mehdi Karroubi, the pragmatic reformist candidate who ranked third in the f...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - National Politics
Fear of WMD, or of threats diminished by the possession of WMD, has long been used to catalyse public support for various WMD policies. T...
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Honor Killing: Encyclopedia Ii - Honor Killing - Definitions
Human Rights Watch defines "honor killings" as follows:
Honor crimes are acts of violence, usually murder, committed by male family memb...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - The Islamic Republic
Supported by Mujaheddin-e-Khalq, militant Iranian students seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran on November 4, 1979 and held it until Januar...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - Islamic Revolution
After many months of popular protests against the rule of the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was forced to flee the nation on January 16, 19...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - United States And The Shah
Arnaud de Borchgrave wrote:
Several U.S. administrations, beginning in 1953 with a CIA-engineered coup to oust Prime Minister Mohammed M...
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Honor Killing: Encyclopedia Ii - Honor Killing - History
Similar practices have been known since ancient Roman times, when the pater familias, or senior male within a household, retained the rig...
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Honor Killing: Encyclopedia Ii - Honor Killing - Locations
As of 2004, honor killings have occurred in numerous countries, including: Albania, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, Egypt, Germany, ...
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International Atomic Energy Agency: Encyclopedia Ii - International Atomic Energy Agency - Institutions
The IAEA is headquartered in Vienna, Austria (at the Vienna International Centre). The IAEA has 138 member states, whose representatives ...
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Honor Killing: Encyclopedia Ii - Honor Killing - Honor Killing In National Legal Codes
According to the report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (2002) c...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - World Wars
During World War I the country was occupied by British and Russian forces but was essentially neutral. In 1919, Britain attempted to esta...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - Before The First World War
Persia underwent a revival under the Safavid dynasty (1502-1736), the most prominent figure of which was Shah Abbas I. The conqueror Nadi...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Family And Descendants
After the death of their father the Mousavi brothers changed their family name; the eldest brother took the name Pasandideh, Khomeini ada...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Death And Funeral
After eleven days in a hospital for an operation to stop internal bleeding, Khomeini died of cancer on Saturday, June 3, 1989 at the age ...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Life Under Khomeini
Under Khomeini's rule, Islamic law was instituted, with the Islamic dress code being strictly enforced for both men and women as was requ...
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Head Of State: Encyclopedia Ii - Head Of State - Constitutional Models
Different countries have different executive systems but in essence four major, generalizing categories can be distinguished: the preside...
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Head Of State: Encyclopedia Ii - Head Of State - Roles Of The Head Of State
Often depending on which constitutional category (above) a head of state belongs to, they may have some or all of the roles listed below,...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - The Middle Ages
Persia's next ruling dynasties descended from Central Asian Turkic-speaking warriors who had been moving out of Central Asia into Transox...
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History Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Iran - Islamic Conquest
Its consist of an intermediate era of nearly 150 years between the dissoloution of Sassanid dynasty of Persia and establishment of first ...
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East Azarbaijan: Encyclopedia Ii - East Azarbaijan - History And Culture
East Azarbaijan is one of the more archaic territories in Iran. It contains Anshan, the original capital of the Elamites, and the nucleus...
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Head Of State: Encyclopedia Ii - Head Of State - Roles Of The Head Of State
Often depending on which constitutional category (above) a head of state belongs to, they may have some or all of the roles listed below,...
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International Atomic Energy Agency: Encyclopedia Ii - International Atomic Energy Agency - Iaea And Iran
In February of 2003 Mohammed ElBaradei traveled to Iran with a team of inspectors to begin probing Tehran's nuclear plans. By November Mr...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Public Perceptions Of Wmd
Awareness and opinions of WMD have varied during the course of their history. Their threat is a source of unease, security and pride to d...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Media Coverage Of Wmd
In 2004 the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) released a report ([23]) examining the media’s coverage o...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Countries Suspected Of Having Nuclear Weapons
There are 8 countries that are known to possess nuclear weapons, only 5 of which are members of the NPT.
States known, or commonly accep...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Wmd Use And Control
The development and use of WMD is governed by international conventions and treaties, although not all countries have signed and ratified...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Life In Exile
In 1963 he publicly denounced the government of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. He was thereby imprisoned for 8 months, and upon his release ...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Life Under Khomeini
Under Khomeini's rule, Islamic law was instituted, with the Islamic dress code being strictly enforced for both men and women as was requ...
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Head Of State: Encyclopedia Ii - Head Of State - Constitutional Models
Different countries have different executive systems but in essence four major, generalizing categories can be distinguished:
the presid...
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Encyclopedia
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Family And Descendants
In 1929, Khomeini married the daughter of a cleric in Tehran. They had seven children, though only five survived infancy. His daughters a...
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Ruhollah Khomeini: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruhollah Khomeini - Death And Funeral
After eleven days in a hospital for an operation to stop internal bleeding, Khomeini died of cancer on Saturday, June 3, 1989 at the age ...
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Islamic Scholars: Encyclopedia Ii - Islamic Scholars - Non-muslim Scholars
Many non-Muslims have been interested in Islam, the first real scholars begining in the 19th century.
...
See also:Islamic scholars, I...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Differences Among Wmd Types
While politicians and the media generally treat all WMD types together in terms of threats, they each differ in their ease of development...
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Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty - Future
The inclusion of (civilian) nuclear power in the July 2005 Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate is politically sens...
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Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty - Leaving The Treaty
Article X allows a state to leave the treaty if "extraordinary events, related to the subject matter of this Treaty, have jeopardized the...
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Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty - History
See also: nuclear proliferation
The treaty was proposed by Ireland, and opened for signature in 1968, Finland was the first to sign. By 1...
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Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Current Definitions
Today, the term WMD means different things to different people. The most widely used definition is that of nuclear, biological or chemica...
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Persecution Of Bahá'ís: Encyclopedia Ii - Persecution Of Bahá'ís - Current Situation
Persecution of Bahá'ís - Deaths.
The most recent death of a Bahá’í in custody of the Iranian government occurred on Dec, 15, 2005...
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Politics Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Iran - Administrative Divisions
Iran consists of خب 30 provinces (ostaan-haa, singular: ostan): Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Maha...
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Persecution Of Bahá'ís: Encyclopedia Ii - Persecution Of Bahá'ís - Responses
Persecution of Bahá'ís - Statements by the United Nations.
The United Nations and the United Nations Commission on Human Rights has p...
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